The Transmission of Substituent Effects in Transition Metal Complexes
The effect of ligand substitution on bonding to other ligands has been investigated in a series of V(III) complexes. Nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) contact shifts have been utilized for this purpose. These shifts are interpreted as arising from metal to ligand charge transfer. The results obtained are contrary to those expected from simple considerations of the electron withdrawing or donating abilities of the substituents. Electron withdrawing substituents decrease the charge transfer to the substituted ligand and increase the charge transfer to the remaining ligands. Electron donating substituents have the opposite effect. A simple interpretation is proposed to account for these results. An electron withdrawing substituent on a ligand in the xy plane increases the occupancy of dxy which cannot interact with the π system of the ligand in the xy plane but which is available for π bonding with the remaining ligands. Effects of this type are to be anticipated whenever the filling of the t2g orbitals is not symmetrical.