Intermolecular forces in gaseous ammonia and in ammonia – nonpolar gas mixtures

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (19) ◽  
pp. 2993-3001 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Lee ◽  
J. P. O'Connell ◽  
C. D. Myrat ◽  
J. M. Prausnitz
Keyword(s):  
Virial Coefficient ◽  
Second Virial Coefficient ◽  
Entropy Change ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Intermolecular Potential ◽  
Gaseous Ammonia ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Vibrational Entropy ◽  
Ammonia Transport ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Intermolecular potential parameters for ammonia have been determined for the Stockmayer–Kihara function using experimental second virial coefficient, diffusivity and viscosity data of binary mixtures with argon, methane, nitrogen, and oxygen. The parameters U0/k = 215 °K, σ(core-to-core) = 2.70 Å and a* = 0.2 reproduce essentially all of the data nearly within experimental error and accurately reproduce pure ammonia transport properties. Upon considering both physical and chemical contributions to the second virial coefficient of ammonia, the apparent standard-state hydrogen-bond enthalpy for chemical dimerization is −3.2 kcal/mole while the vibrational entropy change is 20.2 cal/mole °K, indicating weak association.

Stability of Colloidal Dispersions: A Thermodynamic Approach

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 117-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Rajagopalan
Keyword(s):  
Virial Coefficient ◽  
Second Virial Coefficient ◽  
Colloidal Dispersions ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Interaction Forces ◽  
Colloidal Forces ◽  
Stability Diagrams ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Interparticle Collisions

The classical theory of coagulation relies on relating the rate of interparticle collisions to the interaction forces, and thus to the physical and chemical parameters of the dispersion, through kinetic arguments, and is restricted to dilute systems. Here, we present a modern, thermodynamic theory capable of predicting stability diagrams for dense as well as dilute dispersions. Although based on statistical thermodynamics, the method is simple to use and requires only the second virial coefficient of osmotic pressure of the dispersion. All the information necessary for applying the model to arbitrary dispersions is given. The method is illustrated for a model colloidal potential, and it is shown how static light scattering measurements can be used for predicting the stability diagrams when information about the colloidal forces are not known in advance.

The statistical mechanics of assemblies of axially symmetric molecules - II. Second virial coefficients

1954 ◽  
Vol 221 (1147) ◽  
pp. 508-516 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Force Field ◽  
Virial Coefficient ◽  
Second Virial Coefficient ◽  
Virial Coefficients ◽  
Intermolecular Potential ◽  
Crystal Data ◽  
Axially Symmetric ◽  
Second Virial Coefficients

A general theory of the second virial coefficient of axially symmetric molecules is developed, the directional part of the intermolecular field being treated as a perturbationon the central-force part. The method is applicable to any type of intermolecular potential, particular models of directional interaction being obtained by suitable choices of parameters. Simple expressions are given for the second virial coefficient due to several types of directional force. The theory is illustrated by some calculations on the force field of carbon dioxide and its relation to the second virial coefficient and crystal data. These indicate that there is strong quadrupole interaction between carbon dioxide molecules.

Intermolecular potential and second virial coefficient of the water–hydrogen complex

2004 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 710-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Hodges ◽  
Richard J. Wheatley ◽  
Gregory K. Schenter ◽  
Allan H. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Virial Coefficient ◽  
Second Virial Coefficient ◽  
Intermolecular Potential ◽  
Water Hydrogen
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document