THE WATER-SOLUBLE POLYSACCHARIDES OF DERMATOPHYTES: VI. GLUCANS FROM TRICHOPHYTON GRANULOSUM, TRICHOPHYTON INTERDIGITALE, MICROSPORUM QUINCKEANUM, TRICHOPHYTON RUBRUM, AND TRICHOPHYTON SCHÖNLEINII

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (19) ◽  
pp. 2299-2303 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Bishop ◽  
M. B. Perry ◽  
R. K. Hulyalkar ◽  
F. Blank
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Trichophyton Interdigitale ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobilities ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Polysaccharides obtained from each of the organisms designated in the title have been resolved into three groups: galactomannans I, galactomannans II, and glucans. The five glucans were homogeneous under conditions of electrophoresis, and had identical electrophoretic mobilities and infrared spectra. Methylation and hydrolysis of the glucans yielded varying amounts of the following: 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-glucose, 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-D-glucose, 2,4,6-tri-O-methyl-D-glucose, and 2,4-di-O-methyl-D-glucose. The glucans were therefore branched polysaccharides, with branches formed by substitution at the C-3 and C-6 positions of D-glucopyranose units and terminated by D-glucopyranose units. The linear portions of the glucans contained 1 → 6 and 1 → 3 linkages but in varying amounts. These differences and some variation in the degrees of branching constituted the only dissimilarities detectable in the glucans by these structural studies.

THE WATER-SOLUBLE POLYSACCHARIDES OF DERMATOPHYTES: V. GALACTOMANNANS II FROM TRICHOPHYTON GRANULOSUM, TRICHOPHYTON INTERDIGITALE, MICROSPORUM QUINCKEANUM, TRICHOPHYTON RUBRUM, AND TRICHOPHYTON SCHÖNLEINII

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (19) ◽  
pp. 2291-2297 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Bishop ◽  
M. B. Perry ◽  
F. Blank
Keyword(s):  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Structural Difference ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Branch Points ◽  
Trichophyton Interdigitale ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Polysaccharides obtained from each of the organisms designated in the title have been resolved into three groups: galactomannans I, galactomannans II, and glucans. The five galactomannans II were homogeneous under conditions of electrophoresis, and had positive specific rotations. Methylation and hydrolysis of the five galactomannans II yielded varying amounts of the following: 2,3,5,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-galactose, 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-mannose, 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-D-mannose, 3,4,6-tri-O-methyl-D-mannose, 3,5-di-O-methyl-D-mannose, and 3,4-di-O-methyl-D-mannose. The galactomannans II were therefore very similar to each other in their gross structural features. The unbranched portions of the polysaccharides were formed by 1 → 2 and 1 → 6 linked α-D-mannopyranose units, with the former predominating. Branch points were formed through substitutions at the C-2 and C-6 positions of D-mannofuranose and D-mannopyranose, and branches were terminated by D-galactofuranose and D-mannopyranose units. The presence of 1 → 2 linked α-D-mannopyranose units in the linear portions of the galactomannans II constitutes a major structural difference between this group of polysaccharides and the galactomannans I. The two groups of galactomannans differ serologically.

THE WATER-SOLUBLE POLYSACCHARIDES OF DERMATOPHYTES: IV. GALACTOMANNANS I FROM TRICHOPHYTON GRANULOSUM, TRICHOPHYTON INTERDIGITALE, MICROSPORUM QUINCKEANUM, TRICHOPHYTON RUBRUM, AND TRICHOPHYTON SCHÖNLEINII

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Bishop ◽  
M. B. Perry ◽  
F. Blank ◽  
F. P. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Copper Complexes ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Branch Points ◽  
Terminal Units ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

A group of polysaccharides, called galactomannans I, were precipitated as their insoluble copper complexes from aqueous solutions of the crude polysaccharides obtained from each of the organisms designated in the title. The five galactomannans I were homogeneous under conditions of electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation and had high positive specific rotations. The major constituent monosaccharide was D-mannose; amounts of D-galactose ranged from nil for the polysaccharide from T. rubrum to 13% for that from T. schönleinii. Methylation and hydrolysis of the five galactomannans I yielded varying amounts of the following: 2,3,5,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-galactose (not present in the products from T. rubrum), 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-mannose, 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-D-mannose, 2,4,6-tri-O-methyl-D-mannose, 3,4-di-O-methyl-D-mannose, and 3,5-di-O-methyl-D-mannose. Periodate oxidation results agreed with the methylation studies. The gross structural features of each galactomannan I appear to be the same, namely, a basic chain of 1 → 6 linked α-D-mannopyranose units for approximately every 22 of which there is a 1 → 3 linked α-D-mannopyranose residue. Branch points occur along the 1 → 6 linked chain at the C2 positions of the D-mannopyranose units and once in every 45 units at the C2 position of a 1 → 6 linked D-mannofuranose residue. The D-galactose in the polysaccharides is present exclusively as non-reducing terminal furanose units; non-reducing terminal units of D-mannopyranose are also present. The variations in the identities and relative amounts of the non-reducing terminal units were the only apparent differences in the gross structural features within this group of polysaccharides.

THE WATER-SOLUBLE POLYSACCHARIDES OF DERMATOPHYTES: III. A GALACTOMANNAN FROM TRICHOPHYTON INTERDIGITALE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2862-2871 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Blank ◽  
M. B. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Copper Complex ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mild Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Trichophyton Interdigitale ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Mild Acid

The water-soluble polysaccharide preparation from Trichophytoninterdigitale was fractionated to give two distinct galactomannans and a glucan. A galactomannan isolated via its insoluble copper complex had [α]D +75° (water) and was composed of D-galactose (12%) and D-mannose (88%). On periodate oxidation, the galactomannan consumed 1.73 mole periodate and released 0.67 mole formic acid and 0.12 mole formaldehyde per anhydrohexose unit. Hydrolysis of the methylated galactomannan gave 2,3,5,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-galactose (1 part), 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-mannose (1 part), 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-D-mannose (4 parts), and3,4-di-O-methyl-D-mannose (2 parts). Mild acid hydrolysis of the galactomannan removed all the galactose residues, leaving a mannan having [α]D +84° (water) whose structure was analyzed by periodate oxidation and methylation techniques.

scholarly journals Optimizing Chitin Depolymerization by Lysozyme to Long-Chain Oligosaccharides

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Arnaud Masselin ◽  
Antoine Rousseau ◽  
Stéphanie Pradeau ◽  
Laure Fort ◽  
Rodolphe Gueret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Egg White Lysozyme ◽  
Hen Egg White ◽  
Ecological Transition ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Long Chain

Chitin oligosaccharides (COs) hold high promise as organic fertilizers in the ongoing agro-ecological transition. Short- and long-chain COs can contribute to the establishment of symbiotic associations between plants and microorganisms, facilitating the uptake of soil nutrients by host plants. Long-chain COs trigger plant innate immunity. A fine investigation of these different signaling pathways requires improving the access to high-purity COs. Here, we used the response surface methodology to optimize the production of COs by enzymatic hydrolysis of water-soluble chitin (WSC) with hen egg-white lysozyme. The influence of WSC concentration, its acetylation degree, and the reaction time course were modelled using a Box–Behnken design. Under optimized conditions, water-soluble COs up to the nonasaccharide were formed in 51% yield and purified to homogeneity. This straightforward approach opens new avenues to determine the complex roles of COs in plants.

Water soluble (η6-arene) ruthenium(II) complexes incorporating marine derived bioligand: Synthesis, spectral and structural studies

2009 ◽  
Vol 362 (15) ◽  
pp. 5252-5258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisham Sarjit Singh ◽  
Volodymyr Svitlyk ◽  
Prabha Devi ◽  
Yurij Mozharivskyj
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Structural Studies

scholarly journals Surface effects of solvents in hydrolysis of water-soluble lipids by candidal lipase

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1213-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer Uçar ◽  
H. Ibrahim Ekiz ◽  
M. Arif Caglar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Effects ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

A simple procedure using trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid for monitoring proteolysis in cheese

1988 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Polychroniadou
Keyword(s):  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Total N ◽  
Cheese Ripening ◽  
Amino Acid Solutions ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Good Agreement

SummaryA simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric assay was developed and evaluated for monitoring proteolysis during cheese ripening, based on the fact that α-amino groups released by hydrolysis of cheese proteins react with trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid to form products that absorb strongly at 420 nm. A linear relationship was shown to exist between A420 and concentration of free α amino groups up to 0·5 HIM (r = 0·999, 38 df, P < 0·001). Repeatability of the method was satisfactory. The coefficient of variance was 0·53% for amino acid solutions and 1·19% for cheese extracts. Average recovery of glycine added to the cheese was 104 ± 2·9%. A comparison of the above method with that of determination of water-soluble N to total N ratio showed that there was good agreement between these two methods of assessment of proteolysis in cheese (r = 0·857, 32 df, P < 0·001). Mainly Feta and Teleme cheese were examined, but a similar correlation was obtained with hard Greek cheeses. Analytical conditions of the procedure are discussed.

THE YELLOW COLORING MATTER OF KHAPLI WHEAT, TRITICUM DICOCCUM: II. THE CONSTITUTION OF TRICETIN

1932 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ansel Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Related Compound ◽  
Mixed Melting Point ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Coloring Matter ◽  
Color Reactions ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Derivatives Of

Khapli wheat leaves contain a very small quantity of a trihydroxydimethoxyflavone, tricin. Marquis yields a trace of the same compound. These two varieties also contain water-soluble coloring matters which are apparently glucosides of tricin or of a closely related compound. Dyeing tests carried out with six other wheat varieties indicate that all contain essentially the same coloring matters.Methylation of tricin and hydrolysis of the resulting O-trimethyltricin yielded 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid and 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyacetophenone. It was therefore assumed that tricetin, the pentahydroxyflavone derived from tricin, was 5,7,3′,4′,5′-pentahydroxyflavone. This was synthesized from 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid and phloracetophenone by the Allan-Robinson method. Mixed melting-point determinations showed that its O-pentamethyl and O-penta-acetyl derivatives are identical with the corresponding derivatives of tricetin. The dyeing properties and color reactions of synthetic and natural tricetin are identical and are in fair agreement with those described by Badhwar, Kang and Ventkataraman (3, p. 1111) who recently reported the synthesis of the same compound.

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