THE REACTIONS OF 2-METHYL ETHYLENIMINE AND AZACYCLOBUTANE WITH ATOMIC HYDROGEN

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1973-1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. S. Jamieson ◽  
G. R. Brown ◽  
W. K. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Hydrogen ◽  
Major Product ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Hydrogen Flow

The reactions of hydrogen atoms with 2-methyl ethylenimine and azacyclobutane have been investigated at various temperatures. Between 100 and 300 °C both reactions have been found to be rapid and complete, so that the maximum disappearance of either cyclic imine under these conditions may be regarded as a satisfactory measure of atomic hydrogen flow rates. At 300 °C ethane has been found to be a major product, and it has been inferred from this and other results at this temperature that the other major product of both reactions is cyanogen, which could not be isolated since it appears to form compounds with both cyclic imines.

The reaction of atomic hydrogen with methyl cyanide

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (23) ◽  
pp. 3619-3622 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. S. Jamieson ◽  
G. R. Brown ◽  
J. S. Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Atomic Hydrogen ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Methyl Cyanide ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Minor Extent

The reaction of hydrogen atoms, produced by electric discharge, with methyl cyanide vapor has been reinvestigated at seven different temperatures between 40 and 507 °C over a range of methyl cyanide flow rates from 2 to 25 μmoles/s. As in the previous limited investigation the products have been found to be hydrogen cyanide, methane, and ethane, but the present results indicate the presence of chain characteristics to a minor extent, propagated by CN. Kinetic parameters for formation of the products have been evaluated, as kHCN = 3.55 × 10−12 e−5816/RT; [Formula: see text]; and [Formula: see text].

Kinetics of the Reaction of Atomic Hydrogen with Vinyl Chloride

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1023-1026
Author(s):  
J. S. Tanner ◽  
J. W. S. Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Atomic Hydrogen ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Specific Reaction Rate ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Kinetics Of

The reaction of hydrogen atoms, produced by electric discharge, with vinyl chloride vapor has been studied at four widely different temperatures. Since the maximum yields of HCl at both 328 and 494 °C exceeded the flow rates of atomic hydrogen, the reaction was observed to have limited chain characteristics. The products were hydrogen chloride, ethylene, methane, and ethane. The specific reaction rate for HCl production was found to be about [Formula: see text] and that for production of ethylene plus ethane was found to be about [Formula: see text].

A new algorithm for finding CRM-model coefficients

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Bekman ◽  
Sergey V. Stepanov ◽  
Alexander A. Ruchkin ◽  
Dmitry V. Zelenin
Keyword(s):  
Approximate Solution ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Approximate Solutions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Programming Algorithm ◽  
Stochastic Algorithms ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Flow Rates

The quantitative evaluation of producer and injector well interference based on well operation data (profiles of flow rates/injectivities and bottomhole/reservoir pressures) with the help of CRM (Capacitance-Resistive Models) is an optimization problem with large set of variables and constraints. The analytical solution cannot be found because of the complex form of the objective function for this problem. Attempts to find the solution with stochastic algorithms take unacceptable time and the result may be far from the optimal solution. Besides, the use of universal (commercial) optimizers hides the details of step by step solution from the user, for example&nbsp;— the ambiguity of the solution as the result of data inaccuracy.<br> The present article concerns two variants of CRM problem. The authors present a new algorithm of solving the problems with the help of “General Quadratic Programming Algorithm”. The main advantage of the new algorithm is the greater performance in comparison with the other known algorithms. Its other advantage is the possibility of an ambiguity analysis. This article studies the conditions which guarantee that the first variant of problem has a unique solution, which can be found with the presented algorithm. Another algorithm for finding the approximate solution for the second variant of the problem is also considered. The method of visualization of approximate solutions set is presented. The results of experiments comparing the new algorithm with some previously known are given.

Study on Effects of Hydrogen Flow Rates on the Properties of ZnO Thin Film Deposited by Facing Targets Sputtering System

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (11S) ◽  
pp. 11NB01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Ran Kim ◽  
Long Wen ◽  
Su Bong Jin ◽  
Yoon Seok Choi ◽  
In Sik Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Zno Thin Film ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Hydrogen Flow ◽  
Sputtering System

Optimization of Inlet Ring Groove Arrangement for Suppression of Unstable Flow in a Centrifugal Impeller

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Ishida ◽  
Daisaku Sakaguchi ◽  
Hironobu Ueki
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Centrifugal Impeller ◽  
Shape Parameters ◽  
Unstable Flow ◽  
Ring Groove ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Small Flow ◽  
Specific Speed ◽  
Large Flow

An optimization of the inlet ring groove arrangement has been pursued in the present study for obtaining better impeller characteristics and a wider operation range at both small and large flow rates in a high specific speed type centrifugal impeller with inducer. The effects of the shape parameters with respect to the inlet ring groove on the impeller characteristic and the flow incidence were analyzed mainly based on numerical simulations, but also compared to the experimental results. At small flow rates, a significant improvement in the impeller characteristic is achieved due to reduction in the excessive-positive flow incidence by optimizing both location and width of the rear groove near the inducer tip throat. On the other hand, the impeller characteristic is improved at large flow rates by implementing the corner radius at the rear groove edge and by placing another front ring groove in the suction pipe. As a result, by the optimized configuration of the front and rear ring grooves, the unstable flow range of the test impeller can be reduced by about 50% without deterioration of the impeller characteristic even at the 125% flow rate.

Nucleophilic addition at u 3 -alkyne clusters leading to carbon-carbon bond formation

1982 ◽  
Vol 308 (1501) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Formation ◽  
Organic Ligand ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon ◽  
Terminal Alkynes ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Metal Atoms ◽  
Carbon Carbon Bond ◽  
Anionic Species ◽  
A Minor

Reactions of nucleophiles with triosmium carbonyl clusters, especially those containing unsaturated hydrocarbon ligands, are discussed. Attack may be at CO, the metal atoms, at carbon of the organic ligand, or, where there are acidic metal-bound hydrogen atoms, deprotonation to give anionic clusters may occur. New results on the reactions of LiBHEt3 with p3-alkyne clusters of type Os3(CO)10 (RC2R') are considered in the light of the range of possible sites of attack. Protonation of anionic species that are formed gives hydrogenation products with or without the loss of CO. Os3H2(CO)9(RC2R') is usually a minor product, while C-C coupling leads to Os3H(CO)9(CRCR'COH) (in general the major product) and to Os3H(CO)9- (CRCR'CH). With terminal alkynes RC2H H-atom transfer accompanies C-C coupling to give Os3H(CO)9(RC—C =C H 2) in substantial amounts. The initial site of hydride attack (CO, alkyne or metal) is considered in the context of low-temperature 1H n.m.r. results.

scholarly journals Multiple actins in drosophila melanogaster

1979 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Horovitch ◽  
RV Storti ◽  
A Rich ◽  
ML Pardue
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Flight Muscle ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Major Product ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
Drosophila Cell ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Adult Abdomen

The tissue and developmental specificities of the three Drosophila isoactins, originally identified in primary myogenic cultures and in the permanent Schneider L-2 cell line, have been investigated. Of these three isoactins (I, II, and III), actins I and II are stable and actin III is unstable. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analyses of total cellular extracts after 1-h [(35)S]methionine pulses were performed on a large variety of embryonic, larval, and adult muscle and nonmuscle tissues. The results suggest that isoactins II and III are generalized cellular actins found in all drosophila cell types. Actin I, on the other hand, is muscle-associated and is found exclusively in supercontractile muscle (such as larval body wall and larval and adult viscera) including primary myogenic cell cultures. Although actin I synthesis is not detectable during very early embryogenesis, it is detectable by 25 h and actin I is a major stable actin in all larval muscle tissues. Actin I is synthesized in reduced amounts relative to the other actins in late third instar larvae but is again a major product of actin synthesis in the adult abdomen. A stable actin species with the same pI as actin III has been identified in the adult thorax and appears to be unique to flight muscle tissue. This new stable form of thoracic actin may be the result of a stabilization of the actin III found in other tissues or may be an entirely separate gene product.

Numerical Study on Flow and Heat Transfer of a Cooled First Stage Vane of a Gas Turbine

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lv Ye ◽  
Zhao Liu ◽  
Xiangyu Wang ◽  
Zhenping Feng
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Coolant Flow ◽  
The Other ◽  
Edge Region ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Flow And Heat Transfer ◽  
Film Cooling Holes

This paper presents a numerical simulation of composite cooling on a first stage vane of a gas turbine, in which gas by fixed composition mixture is adopted. To investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics, two internal chambers which contain multiple arrays of impingement holes are arranged in the vane, several arrays of pin-fins are arranged in the trailing edge region, and a few arrays of film cooling holes are arranged on the vane surfaces to form the cooling film. The coolant enters through the shroud inlet, and then divided into two parts. One part is transferred into the chamber in the leading edge region, and then after impinging on the target surfaces, it proceeds further to go through the film cooling holes distributed on the vane surface, while the other part enters into the second chamber immediately and then exits to the mainstream in two ways to effectively cool the other sections of the vane. In this study, five different coolant flow rates and six different inlet pressure ratios were investigated. All the cases were performed with the same domain grids and same boundary conditions. It can be concluded that for the internal surfaces, the heat transfer coefficient changes gradually with the coolant flow rate and the inlet total pressure ratio, while for the external surfaces, the average cooling effectiveness increases with the increase of coolant mass flow rates while decreases with the increase of the inlet stagnation pressure ratios within the study range.

Preliminary Investigation on the Effect of the Modification of the Sweep Angle at the Blade Tip of Forward Swept Axial Fans

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Masi ◽  
Andrea Lazzaretto
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Suction Side ◽  
The Other ◽  
Axial Fan ◽  
Sweep Angle ◽  
End Effects ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Stall Margin ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Blade Tip

The flow path close to the suction side of fan rotor blades mostly affects the overall drag of the blading. The blade lift is affected as well because of the separation of the low energy boundary layer that drives the blade into stall at low fan flow rates. Forward sweep allows to position the airfoil sections of blades featuring a positive circulation gradient along the span so that they “accompany” the near-wall flow trajectories at the blade suction side. So, rotor efficiency and stall margin of the fan can be improved. On the other hand, blade end effects play a relevant role in high hub-to-tip and low aspect ratio rotors and may compromise the effectiveness of forward sweep. Nevertheless, some authors in the literature stated the beneficial contribution of changing the sweep angle at the ends of the blade both at design and off-design conditions. The paper studies the end effects on constant-swirl design rotors by means of CFD simulations focusing on the distribution of blade sweep in the near-tip region. In particular, the performance and efficiency calculated for a forward swept tube-axial fan featuring a hub-to-tip ratio equal to 0.4 are compared with those estimated for the corresponding unswept fan at equal duty point. Several modifications of the sweep distribution in the blade tip region are considered in the swept fan to quantify their effect on performance, efficiency and stall margin. Results show that the addition of up to 6 degrees of local forward sweep at the blade tip to the unswept blading does not affect fan pressure at design operation. On the other hand, this local increase of the sweep angle allows for a very notable increase of the peak pressure and efficiency at flow rates close to stall inception.

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