ERRATUM: PRIMARY PROCESS STUDIES BY MONOISOTOPIC PHOTOSENSITIZATION ON THE REACTIONS OF Hg 6(3P1) ATOMS WITH ALKYL CHLORIDES

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 318-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. S. Wan ◽  
O. P. Strausz ◽  
W. F. Allen ◽  
H. E. Gunning
Keyword(s):  
Primary Process ◽  
Process Studies

not available

PRIMARY PROCESS STUDIES BY MONOISOTOPIC PHOTOSENSITIZATION ON THE REACTIONS OF Hg 6(3P1) ATOMS WITH ALKYL CHLORIDES

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 2056-2064 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. S. Wan ◽  
O. P. Strausz ◽  
W. F. Allen ◽  
H. E. Gunning
Keyword(s):  
Mercury Vapor ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Primary Process ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Electrodeless Discharge ◽  
Discharge Source ◽  
Bond Scission ◽  
Decomposition Formula ◽  
Process Studies

The specific nature of the primary process in the reaction of 202Hg 6(3P1) atoms, photoexcited in natural mercury vapor by a cool 202Hg electrodeless discharge source, with CH3Cl has been examined in detail. Primary C–Cl bond scission occurs with unit efficiency. Quantum yields (φ) for the two primary modes of decomposition[Formula: see text]were found to have values of 0.71 (b) and 0.29 (a). The effect of various reaction parameters on the 202Hg enrichment in the calomel product has been investigated and the importance of isotopic mercury depletion in the reaction zone demonstrated by the use of intermittent illumination.A brief study of the reaction of ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, t-butyl, and n-amyl chlorides has revealed a relation between the molecular structure of the alleyl chloride and the efficiency of the monoisotopic route (a) to calomel formation. Thus, while the reactions of all the normal alkyl chlorides have φa values between 0.29 and 0.32, φa (isopropyl chloride) is only 0.22 and φa (t-butyl chloride) is 0.17.

PRIMARY QUANTUM YIELD DETERMINATION BY INTERMITTENT ILLUMINATION IN THE REACTION OF METHANOL VAPOR WITH Hg 6(3P1) ATOMS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 2251-2255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur R. Knight ◽  
Harry E. Gunning
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Primary Process ◽  
Static System ◽  
Dark Light ◽  
Methanol Vapor ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Yield Determination ◽  
Intermittent Illumination ◽  
Process Studies ◽  
Kinetic Effects

The decomposition of methanol vapor by Hg 6(3P1) atoms has been studied under intermittent illumination conditions, in a static system at 25 °C. The behavior of the NO-inhibited reaction under intermittent illumination has also been examined.For the pure substrate at a pressure of 50 mm, the quantum yield of hydrogen formation, Φ(H2), was found to rise steadily toward unity with decreasing light period (tL). The maximum value of Φ(H2) at a given tD could only be obtained if the dark period (tD) exceeded 100 mseconds. At the shortest tL studied, 0.156 msecond, Φ(H2) was 0.89 compared with the steady illumination value, at zero extent of reaction, of 0.46. A linear relation was found to obtain between Φ(H2) and log (tL) at a given tD Extrapolation showed that Φ(H2) would be unity at tL = 0.040 msecond.For a mixture of 4.8 mm of NO and 50 m of CH3OH, Φ(CH3ONO) was found to rise from its steady illumination value of 0.14 to 0.27 at a sector speed of 300 r.p.m., with a dark/light ratio of 20. At higher speeds the quantum yield decreased again.From the study it is concluded that the primary process of H atom detachment is at least 89% efficient, and that the primary quantum yield is likely unity. The fact that the quantum yield under steady illumination is only 0.46 is attributed to the consumption of H atoms by radical addition processes of which the most probable is the addition of H to CH2OH. For the inhibited reaction the low value of Φ(CH3ONO) under steady illumination is ascribed to the abstractive attack of CH3O on NOH.The kinetic effects of intermittent illumination are discussed, in the light of the results. It is concluded that the technique should be of considerable value in primary process studies in mercury photosensitization.

Review of the Radiation Damage Problem of Organic Specimens in Electron Microscopy

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 476-477
Author(s):  
L. Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Primary Process ◽  
Thin Specimen ◽  
Secondary Damage ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Damage Processes

Most information about a specimen is obtained by elastic scattering of electrons, but one cannot avoid inelastic scattering and therefore radiation damage by ionisation as a primary process of damage. This damage is a dose effect, being proportional to the product of lectron current density j and the irradiation time t in Coul.cm−2 as long as there is a negligible heating of the specimen.Therefore one has to determine the dose needed to produce secondary damage processes, which can be measured quantitatively by a chemical or physical effect in the thin specimen. The survival of micro-organisms or the decrease of photoconductivity and cathodoluminescence are such effects needing very small doses (see table).

‘Who Speaks?’ Morgenthaler and/or Lacan Behind the Couch

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-148
Author(s):  
Ulrike Körbitz
Keyword(s):  
Jacques Lacan ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Practical Work ◽  
Primary Process ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives

Is it possible to speak of conceptual conjunctions between Fritz Morgenthaler and Jacques Lacan? This question is explored in relation to the practical work of an analyst as she engages with their – at once completely different and yet complementary – theoretical perspectives. Both emphasize the active, demanding-desiring position of the analyst while simultaneously refusing any metapsychologically oriented interpretive technique. Both criticize the normative, denigrating impetus of too much psychoanalytic thinking, especially in the context of developmental psychology and pathologizing doctrine. They warn against too-certain knowledge on the analyst's part. Both emphasize primary-process drive-strivings and the emancipatory possibilities of psychoanalysis – as they both also attend particularly to the formal aspects of the analysand's speech.

Expectations from Chinese Muslim Converts for Islamization of Society in Malaysia: Lessons from Life of the Companions (Angkaan Pengubahsuaian Cina Islam untuk Pengislaman Soci-ety di Malaysia: Pelajaran dari Kehidupan Para Sahabat)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 278-296
Author(s):  
Mek Wok Mahmud ◽  
Sayed Sikandar Shah Haneef
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The Self ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Chinese Muslims ◽  
Process Studies ◽  
Divine Guidance

Reversion to Islam while opening golden opportunities for a revert in terms of divine guidance and spiritual salvation is coming with somewhat insurmountable challenges in terms of Islamization of the self, family and contributions to the overall development of Malaysia as a multi-religious country. This is especially so when Islam as an official religion has made the issue of Islamization of the Malaysian society and its systems amongst the pivotal national agendas in the country.  As to what is the role of Chinese Muslims (reverts) in the process, studies, among others, have purported to present the statistics about their share in socio-economic development. Similarly, empirical studies point to the odds faced by this community at personal, family and community levels in their path for transition to the full Islamic way of life. To the presenters of this paper, however, the macro dimension of what it means to become a Muslim which is essential for adjustment to the Islamic requirements has not been sufficiently highlighted in discourses in the area. Accordingly, this paper presents the position statements on Islamic expectations from Chinese reverts with the purpose of motivating them to achieve greater things in the area of Islamization of their community and the nation to the effect. Keywords: Chinese converts, Islamization, expectations and challenges. Abstrak kembalinya seseorang kepada agama Islam selain dari membuka peluang keemasan dalam mendapat  petunjuk Ilahi dan pengisian rohani turut disertai dengan cabaran yang amat sukar untuk diatasi termasuklah cabaran Islamisasi diri, keluarga serta sumbangan kepada pembangunan keseluruhan Malaysia sebagai negara berbilang agama. Hal ini menjadi satu keutamaan terutamanya apabila Islam memegang status sebagai agama rasmi persekutuan yang menjadikan isu Islamisasi masyarakat Malaysia sebagai satu agenda nasional. Bagi menjayakan agenda ini, peranan umat Islam dari kalangan masyarakat Cina (cina muslim) juga perlu diambil kira. Statistik menunjukkan cina muslim turut mempunyai bahagian dalam menyumbang terhadap pembangunan sosio-ekonomi negara. Dalam pada masa yang sama, kajian empirikal membuktikan adanya bentuk bentuk cabaran yang dihadapi oleh komuniti ini di peringkat peribadi, keluarga dan komuniti dalam perjalanan mereka untuk kembali kepada cara hidup Islam yang sepenuhnya. Bagi kami pengkaji kertas ini, dimensi makro dalam menjadikan dan mengertikan  seseorang itu Muslim terutamanya dalam menyesuaikan diri dengan ajaran  Islam masih belum cukup diberi  penjelasan dan penerangan yang sewajarnya. Oleh itu, makalah ini cuba menerangkan idea dan cadangan yang berguna kepada cina muslim dengan tujuan memotivasikan  mereka bagi  mencapai kejayaan  yang lebih besar dari aspek Islamisasi di kalangan komuniti mereka seterusnya memberi sumbangan kepada negara. Kata kunci:  Cina Muslim, Islamisasi, harapan dan cabaran.

Principles and Practice of the Maintenance of Physical Education Curriculum Facilities and Equipment in Schools

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard E. Ananomo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Curriculum Implementation ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Information Process ◽  
Administrative Policy ◽  
Attitude Measures ◽  
Process Studies ◽  
Programme Improvement

The focus of this paper is to discuss an enhancing approach to the maintenance of physical education curriculum facilities and equipment in schools. In the course of doing this, the role of administrative policy, finance, information, process studies, proficiency and attitude measures, follow-up studies, programme improvement, making decisions about individuals; and administrative regulation were elucidated upon. The writer further explained the role and importance of Teacher’s Aptitude, Magnitude and Attitude (TAMA) and Teacher’s Aptitude Disposition and Attitude (TADA) on the outcome of physical education curriculum programme evaluation. He also emphasized the Analysis of Programme Performance (APP) as being more informative for the effective maintenance of physical education curriculum implementation facilities and equipment

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