OXIDATION OF WHEAT STARCH WITH ALKALINE HYPOCHLORITE

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Eisenbraun ◽  
C. B. Purves
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Calcium Hypochlorite ◽  
First Order ◽  
Tartronic Acid

The starch was oxidized with 5.5 base molar equivalents of 0.43 M calcium hypochlorite kept near pH 12 and 20°. The rate of oxidation was consistent with the occurrence of two first-order reactions differing in rate by a factor of 10, the more rapid of which consumed about 4 moles of hypochlorite for each C6H10O5 unit actually oxidized. Oxalic acid (0.2 mole) and perhaps carbonic acid [Formula: see text] were formed directly, but it was necessary to hydrolyze the product in order to liberate D-glucose (0.4 mole), glyoxylic acid (0.03 mole), D-erythronic acid (0.11 mole), mesotartaric acid (0.02 mole), D-tartaric acid (0.02 mole), L-tartaric acid (0.01 mole), D-glucuronic acid (0.004 mole), and probably tartronic acid [Formula: see text].

Influence of substrate on modified oscillation reactions of the Belousov-Zhabotinskii type

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 3223-3228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ševčík ◽  
Ľubica Adamčíková
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Bz Reaction ◽  
Oscillation Cycle ◽  
Influence Of Substrate

The kinetic parameters of the reaction steps of the oscillation cycle and the parameters of modified oscillation reactions of the Belousov-Zhabotinskii (BZ) type with oxalic acid, tartaric acid, and hypophosphite ions were compared with predictions of Edelson's analysis based on the mechanism of the classical BZ reaction.

scholarly journals Oxidation of Glyoxylic Acid to Oxalic Acid by Glycolic Acid Oxidase

1961 ◽  
Vol 236 (5) ◽  
pp. 1280-1284
Author(s):  
K.E. Richardson ◽  
N.E. Tolbert
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Acid Oxidase

scholarly journals Photocatalytic degradation of Irgalite violet dye using nickel ferrite nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 666-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiljashree Vijay ◽  
Raj Mohan Balakrishnan ◽  
Eldon R. Rene ◽  
Uddandarao Priyanka
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Nickel Ferrite ◽  
Dye Degradation ◽  
Ferrite Nanoparticles ◽  
First Order ◽  
Fenton’S Reaction ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Nickel Ferrite Nanoparticles ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Catalyst Reusability

Abstract Nanotechnologies have prominent applications in the field of science and technology owing to their size-tunable properties providing a promising approach for degradation of various pollutants. In this scenario, the present work aims to study the effect of nickel ferrite nanoparticles on the degradation of Irgalite violet dye by Fenton's reaction using oxalic acid as an oxidizing agent in the presence of sunlight. The effect of pH and adsorbent dosage on the rate of dye degradation was monitored. Based on these studies it was observed that 99% dye degradation was achieved for catalyst dosage of 0.2 g, 400 ppm dye concentration and 2.0 mM oxalic acid at pH 3.0 within 60 min. The studies reveal that the degradation follows pseudo-first-order kinetics and the catalyst reusability remained constant almost for five cycles. Further, nickel ferrite nanoparticles are proven to be an efficient alternative for the removal of dyes from coloured solutions.

In Vitro Adsorption of Oxalic Acid and Glyoxylic Acid onto Activated Charcoal, Resins and Hydrous Zirconium Oxide

1982 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Scholtens ◽  
J. Scholten ◽  
H.W.M. de Koning ◽  
J. Tijssen ◽  
H.W.M. ten Hoopen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Zirconium Oxide ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Primary Hyperoxaluria ◽  
Hydrous Zirconium Oxide ◽  
Hydrous Zirconium

Patients suffering from primary hyperoxaluria show elevated plasma concentrations of oxalic acid and glyoxylic acid. The in vitro adsorption of these compounds onto activated charcoal, a series of neutral and ion exchange resins and onto hydrous zirconium oxide has been investigated. Hydrous zirconium oxide was the most effective sorbent studied for the removal of both oxalic acid and glyoxylic acid. In batch experiments, the zirconium oxide was capable of binding 5.5 μ mol oxalic acid and 8 μ mol glyoxylic acid per gram sorbent using 0.5 gram sorbent and 50 ml of solutions with initial concentrations of 100 μ mol. L−1 and an ionic composition resembling that of plasma. Recirculation of 2 L of the same solutions through 12 gram of a mixture of hydrous zirconium oxide and alumina for 6 hours at a flow rate of 12 ml.min−1, resulted in a final concentration of 70 μ mol. L−1 of oxalic acid and 50 μ mol. L−/ of glyoxylic acid.

The gas-phase photochemistry and thermal decomposition of glyoxylic acid

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 542-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Back ◽  
S. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Singlet State ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Static System ◽  
First Order ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Homogeneous Formation

The photolysis of glyoxylic acid vapour has been studied at five wavelengths, 382, 366, 346, 275, and 239 nm, and pressures from about 1 to 6 Torr, at a temperature of 355 K. Major products were CO2 and CH2O, initially formed in almost equal amounts, while minor products were CO and H2. Except at 382 nm, the system was complicated by the rapid secondary photolysis of CH2O. Three primary processes are suggested, each involving internal H-atom transfer followed by dissociation.The absorption spectrum is reported and shows the three distinct absorption systems. A finely-structured spectrum from about 320 to 400 nm is attributed to a transition to the first excited π* ← n+ singlet state; a more diffuse absorption ranging from about 290 nm to a maximum at 239 nm is assigned to the π* ← n− state, while a much stronger absorption beginning below 230 nm is attributed to the π* ← π transition. Product ratios vary with wavelength and depend on which excited state is involved.The thermal decomposition was studied briefly in a static system at temperatures from 470 to 710 K and pressures from 0.4 to 8 Torr. Major products were again CO2 and CH2O, but the latter was always less than stoichiometric. First-order rate constants for the apparently homogeneous formation of CO2 are described by Arrhenius parameters log A (s−1) = 7.80 and E = 30.8 kcal/mol. Carbon monoxide and H2 were minor products, and the CO/CO2 ratio increased with increasing temperature and showed some surface enhancement at lower temperatures. The SF6-sensitized thermal decomposition of glyoxylic acid, induced by a pulsed CO2 laser, was briefly studied, with temperatures estimated to be in the 1100–1600 K range, and the CO/CO2 ratio increased with increasing temperature, continuing the trend observed in the static system.

An overview of faba bean: utilisation of husks in natural dyeing

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özlenen Erdem Ismal ◽  
Leyla Yıldırım
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Natural Dye ◽  
Color Gamut ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Color Coordinates ◽  
Natural Dyeing

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reveal the potential use of faba bean husk as natural dye, to create a color gamut and to observe the effect of different mordants. Dyeing properties of polyamide/elastane fabric using faba been husk were investigated. The effect of alum [KAl(SO4)2], iron II sulfate Fe(SO4)7H2O, tin II chloride (SnCI22H2O), copper II sulfate (CuSO4), citric acid (C6H8O7), tartaric acid (C4H6O6), oxalic acid (H2C2O4), ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4], sodium acetate (C2H3NaO2), combination of alum-iron, iron-tin and alum-tin were evaluated in terms of color yield, color coordinates and wash fastness. Design/methodology/approach Mainly, dyeings were conducted in accordance with a simultaneous mordanting method. However, pre-mordanted dyeings were also implemented with selected concentration (0.8 g/L) of metallic mordants to enrich color gamut. Control sample (without mordant) was used as a reference for examining the effect of different mordants. Dyed samples were compared mutually in the light of visual evaluation and color measurements and alternatives to metallic mordants were also assessed. Findings Significant differences occurred in color coordinates of dyed samples. The biggest color difference and completely different color shades were achieved with tin II chloride. The type of acid did not create visible color differences. As alternatives to metallic mordants; all of them may be used instead of alum (0.8 g/L). Tartaric acid and oxalic acid, instead of iron II sulfate (0.2 g/L), and ammonium sulfate (0.2 g/L) and sodium acetate (0.8 g/L), instead of alum (0.8 g/L), can be used. Sodium acetate cannot be replaced with iron. A combination of alum-iron and iron-tin can be the alternative to 0.2 and 0.8 g/L copper, respectively. All the samples provided good wash fastness (4/5) values. Originality/value Valorization of industrial, agricultural and domestic wastes as novel natural dye sources is an ecological and sustainable approach. Moreover, the use of man-made fibers in natural dyeing is an issue that needs to be developed and expanded. Few literatures have been found concerning the use of husks of faba bean as a natural colorant. In this initial study, husks of faba been as a vegetable waste were utilized in natural dyeing of polyamide/elastane fabric. It is suggested that this waste can be turned into an economic value through its valorization in natural dyeing.

scholarly journals Degradation of 1,4-Dioxane and Cyclic Ethers by an Isolated Fungus

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 1254-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunichika Nakamiya ◽  
Syunji Hashimoto ◽  
Hiroyasu Ito ◽  
John S. Edmonds ◽  
Masatoshi Morita
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Cordyceps Sinensis ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Cyclic Ethers ◽  
Rrna Gene

ABSTRACT By using 1,4-dioxane as the sole source of carbon, a 1,4-dioxane-degrading microorganism was isolated from soil. The fungus, termed strain A, was able to utilize 1,4-dioxane and many kinds of cyclic ethers as the sole source of carbon and was identified as Cordyceps sinensis from its 18S rRNA gene sequence. Ethylene glycol was identified as a degradation product of 1,4-dioxane by the use of deuterated 1,4-dioxane-d 8 and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. A degradation pathway involving ethylene glycol, glycolic acid, and oxalic acid was proposed, followed by incorporation of the glycolic acid and/or oxalic acid via glyoxylic acid into the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

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