ATTEMPTED DELIGNIFICATIONS WITH SODIUM BICARBONATE - CARBON DIOXIDE, AND WITH ANHYDROUS LIQUID AMMONIA, UNDER PRESSURE

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1582-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Yan ◽  
C. B. Purves
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Liquid Ammonia ◽  
Sodium Cyanide ◽  
Excess Carbon ◽  
Aqueous Sodium ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Rye Straw

Finely divided spruce wood was heated with aqueous sodium bicarbonate and excess carbon dioxide up to 160° and about 400 p.s.i. in attempts to carboxylate the lignin according to the Kolbe–Schmitt method and to extract the product as a soluble sodium salt. Only small amounts of lignin were removed, together with larger amounts of the holocellulose. Heating the wood with anhydrous liquid ammonia up to 100° and about 900 p.s.i. extracted only small amounts of material from the softwood spruce, but 25 to 30% of the lignin was removed from the hard woods beech, birch, and maple and 52% from rye straw. The solution of ammonium chloride or sodium cyanide in the liquid ammonia increased these percentages substantially, and also the concomitant extraction of holocellulose.

STUDIES ON LIGNIN AND RELATED COMPOUNDS: IX. ETHERS OF GLYCOL-LIGNIN

1931 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-305
Author(s):  
Harold Hibbert ◽  
Léo Marion
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Acidic Properties ◽  
Aqueous Sodium ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Free Hydroxyl ◽  
Chloro Derivatives ◽  
Related Compounds

Glycol-lignin prepared from spruce wood has been found to form a sodium salt which reacts with chloro-derivatives, giving rise to the corresponding glycol-lignin ethers. These compounds are insoluble in aqueous sodium hydroxide but still contain free hydroxyl groups which can be methylated without the ethereal linkage being broken. Hence glycol-lignin contains several free hydroxyl groups, one or more of which possess acidic properties. Both the methoxymethyl ether and the 2:4-dinitrophenyl ether of glycol-lignin have been prepared. The evidence would seem to indicate the presence of both phenolic and aliphatic hydroxyl groups.

Brain pH responses to sodium bicarbonate and Carbicarb during systemic acidosis

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (5) ◽  
pp. H1316-H1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Shapiro ◽  
M. Whalen ◽  
R. Kucera ◽  
N. Kindig ◽  
G. Filley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Bicarbonate Therapy ◽  
Brain Ph ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Intracellular Alkalinization

Rats subjected to ammonium chloride-induced metabolic acidosis or respiratory acidosis caused by hypercapnia were given alkalinization therapy with either sodium bicarbonate or Carbicarb. Ammonium chloride induced dose-dependent systemic acidosis but did not affect intracellular brain pH. Hypercapnia caused dose-dependent systemic acidosis as well as decreases in intracellular brain pH. Sodium bicarbonate treatment resulted in systemic alkalinization and increases in arterial PCO2 in both acidosis models, but it caused intracellular brain acidification in rats with ammonium chloride acidosis. Carbicarb therapy resulted in systemic alkalinization without major changes in arterial PCO2 and intracellular brain alkalinization in both acidosis models. These data demonstrate that bicarbonate therapy of systemic acidosis may be associated with "paradoxical" intracellular brain acidosis, whereas Carbicarb causes both systemic and intracellular alkalinization under conditions of fixed ventilation.

Comprehensive study of the toothpaste containing fluoride and 67% aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
S. N. Gromova ◽  
N. A. Guzhavina ◽  
E. A. Falaleeva ◽  
E. P. Kolevatykh ◽  
А. V. Elikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate Solution ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Aqueous Sodium ◽  
Aqueous Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
Aqueous Sodium Bicarbonate Solution ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Relevance. A wide variety of oral care products is available nowadays. Sometimes aggressive advertising rather than doctor’s advice determines our patients’ choice. In our research, we provide evidence of the clinical use of toothpaste containing fluoride and sodium bicarbonate.Materials and methods. During four weeks, we followed up a group of students who used the toothpaste containing 1400 ppm fluoride and 67% aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The clinical, biochemical and microbiological tests and saliva crystallization score assessed the characteristics stated by the manufacturer.Results. The statistically significant correlation between all studied criteria is evidence of the effectiveness of the toothpaste. In addition to the significant remineralization and antiplaque effect, biochemical and microbiological tests confirmed the anti-inflammatory effect of the toothpaste. An immediate cleaning effect was observed after the first brushing as well as in long-term use.Conclusion. Improvement of oral hygiene indices and reduction of periodontal inflammation confirmed the successful result of the comprehensive treatment of chronic gingivitis.

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