Glycosides from the North Atlantic sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa V - Structures of five new minor trisulfated triterpene oligoglycosides, frondosides A7-1, A7-2, A7-3, A7-4, and isofrondoside C

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 626-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra S Silchenko ◽  
Sergey A Avilov ◽  
Anatoly I Kalinovsky ◽  
Pavel S Dmitrenok ◽  
Vladimir I Kalinin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Lactone Ring ◽  
Triterpene Glycosides ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Cucumaria Frondosa ◽  
Oxygen Functionality

Seven highly polar trisulfated triterpene glycosides belonging to the frondoside A7 group have been isolated from the North Atlantic sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa. The structures of five new glycosides, frondosides A7-1 (1), A7-2 (2), A7-3 (3), A7-4 (4), and isofrondoside C (5) were elucidated, three of which contained lanostane aglycons without a lactone-ring. Three pairs of the glycosides proved to be isomers by virture of the positions of double bonds in the aglycons nuclei; two pairs of the glycosides differed from each other by the character of the oxygen functionality at C-22. The results from these studies provided the basis for postulating the biosynthetic pathways of norlanostane glycosides in the sea cucumber.Key words: Cucumaria frondosa, sea cucumbers, frondosides, triterpene glycosides.

ChemInform Abstract: Glycosides from the North Atlantic Sea Cucumber Cucumaria frondosa V - Structures of Five New Minor Trisulfated Triterpene Oligoglycosides, Frondosides A7-1, A7-2, A7-3, A7-4, and Isofrondoside C.

ChemInform ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra S. Silchenko ◽  
Sergey A. Avilov ◽  
Anatoly I. Kalinovsky ◽  
Pavel S. Dmitrenok ◽  
Vladimir I. Kalinin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Cucumaria Frondosa

Glycosides from the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa. IV. Structure of frondosides A2-4, A2-7, and A2-8, three new minor monosulfated triterpene glycosides

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 2120-2126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra S Silchenko ◽  
Sergey A Avilov ◽  
Alexandr S Antonov ◽  
Anatoly I Kalinovsky ◽  
Pavel S Dmitrenok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Bond ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Triterpene Glycosides ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Cucumaria Frondosa

Frondosides A2-4 (1), A2-7 (2), and A2-8 (3) are new monosulfated triterpene glycosides isolated from the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa. Their structures have been elucidated on the basis of spectral data (2D NMR and MS). Frondosides A2-7 (2) and A2-8 (3) are isomers and differ from each other only by the position of a double bond in their non-holostane-type aglycones.Key words: Cucumaria frondosa, sea cucumbers, frondosides, triterpene glycosides.

Glycosides from the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa. III. Structure of frondosides A2-1, A2-2, A2-3, and A2-6, four new minor monosulfated triterpene glycosides

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra S Silchenko ◽  
Sergey A Avilov ◽  
Alexandr S Antonov ◽  
Anatoly I Kalinovsky ◽  
Pavel S Dmitrenok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Data ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Triterpene Glycosides ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Unsaturated Ketone ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Cucumaria Frondosa

Frondosides A2-1 (1), A2-2 (2), A2-3 (3), and A2-6 (4) are new monosulfated holostane pentaosides isolated from the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa. Their structures have been elucidated on the basis of spectral data (2D NMR and MS). Frondoside A2-2 (2) contains an α,β-unsaturated ketone fragment in the side chain of the aglycon, unique for triterpene glycosides of sea cucumbers.Key words: Cucumaria frondosa, sea cucumbers, frondosides, triterpene glycosides.

scholarly journals Albinism in Orange-footed Sea Cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa) in Newfoundland

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emaline M. Montgomery ◽  
Tiffany Small ◽  
Jean-Francois Hamel ◽  
Annie Mercier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Broad Distribution ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Colour Morphs ◽  
Cucumaria Frondosa

Orange-footed Sea Cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa; Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) is a dark-brown species that is broadly distributed in North Atlantic and Arctic waters. Here, we document the rare occurrence of colour morphs showing various degrees of albinism, from totally white to faint orange pigmentation. These unusually coloured individuals were found across a broad distribution range in eastern Canada and northeastern United States, with their occurrence in Newfoundland samples ranging from 0.2% to 0.5%. Two fully albino individuals were noticeably smaller than other colour morphs. The occurrence of rare, unusually coloured sea cucumbers is important from an ecological standpoint and may also have commercial implications.

The Currents of the North Atlantic

1892 ◽  
Vol 34 (872supp) ◽  
pp. 13940-13941
Author(s):  
Richard Beynon
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

NATO adaptation to current challenges and mechanisms of Ukraine’s cooperation with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Oleh Poshedin
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Response Force ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Joint Force ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Area Of Influence

The purpose of the article is to describe the changes NATO undergoing in response to the challenges of our time. Today NATO, as a key element of European and Euro-Atlantic security, is adapting to changes in the modern security environment by increasing its readiness and ability to respond to any threat. Adaptation measures include the components required to ensure that the Alliance can fully address the security challenges it might face. Responsiveness NATO Response Force enhanced by developing force packages that are able to move rapidly and respond to potential challenges and threats. As part of it, was established a Very High Readiness Joint Task Force, a new Allied joint force that deploy within a few days to respond to challenges that arise, particularly at the periphery of NATO’s territory. NATO emphasizes, that cyber defence is part of NATO’s core task of collective defence. A decision as to when a cyber attack would lead to the invocation of Article 5 would be taken by the North Atlantic Council on a case-by-case basis. Cooperation with NATO already contributes to the implementation of national security and defense in state policy. At the same time, taking into account that all decision-making in NATO based on consensus, Ukraine’s membership in the Alliance quite vague perspective. In such circumstances, in Ukraine you often can hear the idea of announcement of a neutral status. It is worth reminding that non-aligned status did not save Ukraine from Russian aggression. Neutral status will not accomplish it either. All talks about neutrality and the impossibility of Ukraine joining NATO are nothing but manipulations, as well as recognition of the Ukrainian territory as Russian Federation area of influence (this country seeks to sabotage the Euro-Atlantic movement of Ukraine). Think about it, Moldova’s Neutrality is enshrined in the country’s Constitution since 1994. However, this did not help Moldova to restore its territorial integrity and to force Russia to withdraw its troops and armaments from Transnistria.

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