A facile methodology for the synthesis and detection of N7-guanine adduct of sulfur mustard as a biomarker

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 504-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mula Kameswara Rao ◽  
Pinaki S Bhadury ◽  
Mamta Sharma ◽  
Rajinder S Dangi ◽  
Appanabhotla S Bhaskar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Convenient Method ◽  
Sulfur Mustard ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
High Yields

A simple and convenient method has been developed for the synthesis of a N7-guanine adduct of sulfur mustard (SM), which can serve as an efficient biomarker for alleged exposure to SM. The adduct obtained in high yields (~78%) was characterized on the basis of its physical properties and spectral data. In addition, HPLC and LC-MS conditions have been standardized for the detection of the adduct in both in vitro and in vivo samples, which is useful for retrospective detection of exposure to SM in biological samples.Key words: sulfur mustard, biomarker, N7-guanine adduct, in vitro, in vivo, HPLC, LC-MS, electrospray, 2D NMR.

scholarly journals Experimental and theoretical explorations of nanocarriers’ multistep delivery performance for rational design and anticancer prediction

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. eaba2458
Author(s):  
Weier Bao ◽  
Falin Tian ◽  
Chengliang Lyu ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Cell Uptake ◽  
Anticancer Efficacy ◽  
Delivery Performance ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Multistep Process

The poor understanding of the complex multistep process taken by nanocarriers during the delivery process limits the delivery efficiencies and further hinders the translation of these systems into medicine. Here, we describe a series of six self-assembled nanocarrier types with systematically altered physical properties including size, shape, and rigidity, as well as both in vitro and in vivo analyses of their performance in blood circulation, tumor penetration, cancer cell uptake, and anticancer efficacy. We also developed both data and simulation-based models for understanding the influence of physical properties, both individually and considered together, on each delivery step and overall delivery process. Thus, beyond finding that nanocarriers that are simultaneously endowed with tubular shape, short length, and low rigidity outperformed the other types, we now have a suit of theoretical models that can predict how nanocarrier properties will individually and collectively perform in the multistep delivery of anticancer therapies.

In vitro studies on the fine structure of epicuticular leaf wax from Pseudotsuga menziesii

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 640-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Lister ◽  
B. W. Thair
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Chloroform Solution ◽  
Scale Construction ◽  
Leaf Wax ◽  
Wax Crystal ◽  
Wax Crystals

The epicuticular leaf wax of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) was recrystallized from chloroform solution in vitro. The striated, tubular forms were reconstituted in sizes which included that observed in vivo, indicating that the final dimensions and morphology of the wax crystals are functions of physical properties of the component molecules, rather than an enzyme-dependent polymerization. Subsequent evaluation of all observations and data formed the basis for the scale construction of a model of the tubular wax crystal.

Detoxification of the Toxic Sulfur Mustard Simulant by a Supramolecular Antidote in Vitro and in Vivo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyuan Zhou ◽  
Wangzi Li ◽  
Qi Zhao ◽  
Hongqiang Dong ◽  
Yueqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Mustard

Impact of PEG Chain Length on the Physical Properties and Bioactivity of PEGylated Chitosan/siRNA Nanoparticles in Vitro and in Vivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 12203-12216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanxu Yang ◽  
Shan Gao ◽  
Frederik Dagnæs-Hansen ◽  
Maria Jakobsen ◽  
Jørgen Kjems
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Peg Chain Length

Polystachyasaponin with Adjuvant Activity from Entada polystachya

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 628-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadete P. da Silva ◽  
José P. Parente
Keyword(s):  
2D Nmr ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponin ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Adjuvant Activity ◽  
In Vivo Assays ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
C Nmr

A new complex triterpenoid saponin, polystachyasaponin, was isolated from leaves of Entada polystachya (L.) DC. (Leguminosae) by using chromatographic methods. Its structure was established as 15,16-dihydroxy-3-[[O-β -D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-2- (acetylamino)-2-deoxy-β -D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-(3β ,15α,16α)-olean-12-en-28-oic acid O-D-apio- β -D-furanosyl-(1→3)-O-β -D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[β -D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)]-6-O-[(2E,6R)- 6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-1-oxo-2,7-octadienyl]-β -D-glucopyranosyl ester. Structural elucidation was performed using detailed analyses of 1H and 13C NMR spectra including 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques and chemical conversions. The hemolytic activity of the saponin was evaluated using in vitro assays, and its adjuvant potential on the cellular immune response against ovalbumin antigen was investigated using in vivo assays.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Liposome-Encapsulated Glutathione in a Human Epidermal Model Exposed to a Mustard Gas Analog

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Paromov ◽  
Sudha Kumari ◽  
Marianne Brannon ◽  
Naga S. Kanaparthy ◽  
Hongsong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Sulfur Mustard ◽  
Alkylating Agents ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Mustard Gas

Sulfur mustard or mustard gas (HD) and its monofunctional analog, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), or “half-mustard gas,” are alkylating agents that induce DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation. HD/CEES are rapidly absorbed in the skin causing extensive injury. We hypothesize that antioxidant liposomes that deliver both water-soluble and lipid-soluble antioxidants protect skin cells from immediate CEES-induced damage via attenuating oxidative stress. Liposomes containing water-soluble antioxidants and/or lipid-soluble antioxidants were evaluated usingin vitromodel systems. Initially, we found that liposomes containing encapsulated glutathione (GSH-liposomes) increased cell viability and attenuated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HaCaT cells exposed to CEES. Next, GSH-liposomes were tested in a human epidermal model, EpiDerm. In the EpiDerm, GSH-liposomes administered simultaneously or 1 hour after CEES exposure (2.5 mM) increased cell viability, inhibited CEES-induced loss of ATP and attenuated changes in cellular morphology, but did not reduce caspase-3 activity. These findings paralleled the previously describedin vivoprotective effect of antioxidant liposomes in the rat lung and established the effectiveness of GSH-liposomes in a human epidermal model. This study provides a rationale for use of antioxidant liposomes against HD toxicity in the skin considering further verification in animal models exposed to HD.

scholarly journals Physical properties and biocompatibility of an injectable calcium-silicate-based root canal sealer: in vitro and in vivo study

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Su Lim ◽  
Young-Bae Park ◽  
Young-Sun Kwon ◽  
Won-Jun Shon ◽  
Kwang-Won Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Root Canal Sealer

scholarly journals Parameterization of physical properties of layered body structure into equivalent circuit model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiho Lee ◽  
Sung Park
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Circuit Model ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Layered Body

Abstract BackgroundThis study presents a novel technique to develop an equivalent circuit model (ECM) for analyzing the responses of the layered body structure to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) by parameterizing electrical and geometrical properties. Many classical ECMs use custom meta-parameters instead of the physically driven parameters because of the difficulty in projecting physical properties directly into ECM. However, the difference in what parameters are customized hampers general agreement in modeling the responses to TENS. To overcome this limitation, we propose a tissue property-based (TPB) approach for the direct parameterization of the layered body structure.ResultsThe proposed method was first validated through in vitro phantom studies and then was applied in-vivo to analyze the TENS on the forearm. The TPB-ECM calculated the impedance network in the forearm and corresponding the responses to TENS. In addition, the modeled impedance was in good agreement with well-known impedance properties that have been achieved empirically.ConclusionsThe TPB approach uses the physical parameters instead of meta-parameters, thus overcoming the disagreement problem of conventional ECMs. Therefore, the TPB-ECM has a potential for widely-applicable TENS analysis and could provide impactful guidance in the TENS parameter design.

scholarly journals Arsenic-72, 77 as a matched pair radiopharmaceutical for imaging and radiotherapy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Yutian Feng
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Generator Column ◽  
Bombesin Receptor ◽  
Targeting Peptide ◽  
High Yields ◽  
No Carrier Added

Radiopharmaceuticals deliver radionuclides to specific target sites via the bifunctional chelate approach, where the radionuclides are chelated with a ligand and linked to a targeting biomolecule. They can be categorized as imaging or therapeutic agents based on the physical properties of the radionuclides. Matched pair radionuclides have advantages because of identical chemistry of the imaging and therapy counterparts and true matched pair radionuclides are rare (e.g., 64,67Cu, 44,47Sc, 135,131I). Radioimmunoimaging and therapy commonly use antibodies (or antibody fragments) as targeting biomolecules, and may take a few days to accumulate in tumor cells. Thus they require radionuclides with longer half-lives. Arsenic-72 ([beta]+, 26 hour half-life) and 77As ([beta]- emitter, 38.8 hour half-life) have suitable physical properties as a true matched pair for radioimaging and therapy. This dissertation focuses on the development of 72,77As matched pair for potential PET imaging and radiotherapy. ... The production and separation of no carrier added (nca) 72,77As will be discussed in Chapter 2. No carrier added 77As separation was improved based on the reported method by decreasing the operation time and increasing capacity based on reported method.[1] The parameters for a 72Se/72As generator were evaluated and nca 72Se was produced via the 70Ge([alpha], 2n)72Se nuclear reaction, separated and loaded onto a generator column. Further evaluations are underway. Radiochemistry of nca 72,77As will be discussed in Chapters 3 and 4 since two chelating approaches were evaluated. The aryl dithiol approach incorporates an aryl ring to nca radioarsenic and complexes it with dithiol ligands. After various modifications and optimizations, radiolabeling nca 72,77As affording dithioarylarsines were accomplished in high yields. The trithiol approach complexes nca 72,77As with a trithiol chelate. Its in vivo stability was evaluated by conjugating the trithiol chelate to a Bombesin receptor targeting peptide and investigating its biodistribution in normal mice. An improved trithiol chelate was proposed and synthesized based on the high in vivo stability but poor targeting efficacy of the initial trithiol complex.

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