Norman Wells pipeline permafrost and terrain monitoring: geothermal and geomorphic observations, 1984–1987

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Burgess ◽  
D. G. Harry
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Regime ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Program Components

A long-term permafrost and terrain research and monitoring program along the 869 km buried oil pipeline between Norman Wells, Northwest Territories, and Zama, Alberta, has been undertaken by the Geological Survey of Canada, in cooperation with the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. The two main program components are (1) the detailed quantification of changes in the geothermal regime and geomorphic conditions at instrumented monitoring sites and (2) general observations of terrain conditions and performance along the pipeline route. Pipeline operation commenced in April 1985. Observations during the first 2.5 years of pipeline operation indicate that, as expected, the pipe thermal regime and ground thermal regime have not yet stabilized in response to construction and operation. Warming trends in both mean annual pipe temperature and mean annual right-of-way ground temperature have occurred. Surface settlement in permafrost terrain is ongoing in the pipe trench as well as on the remainder of the right-of-way. Surface erosion has occurred, particularly at stream crossings and on low-angle slopes lacking erosion control structures. Key words: pipeline, permafrost, thermal regime, thaw settlement, surface erosion, instrumentation, Norman Wells, Mackenzie Valley, Canada.

Right-of-Way and Pipeline Monitoring in Permafrost: The Norman Wells Pipeline Experience

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick M. Doblanko ◽  
James M. Oswell ◽  
Alan J. Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Discontinuous Permafrost ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Of Canada

Enbridge Pipelines (NW) Inc. (Enbridge) owns and operates a 323.9 mm outside diameter crude oil pipeline from Norman Wells, Northwest Territories, Canada to Zama, Alberta, Canada (Norman Wells Pipeline). The first of its kind in North America, this pipeline, completely buried in discontinuous permafrost, is approximately 869 kilometres in length. The pipeline, designed to operate at ambient temperatures, was constructed during the winter seasons of 1983–1984 and 1984–1985 and began operations in April 1985. Enbridge (formerly Interprovincial Pipe Line (NW) Ltd.), under various regulatory terms and conditions, is required to monitor and report the effects of pipeline construction and operations associated with the environment and right-of-way. The company has been an active participant in joint research and monitoring working groups consisting of various departments of the Government of Canada, Government of Northwest Territories, and other agencies. Over the past seventeen years, Enbridge has developed a monitoring and surveillance program that ensures the safe operation of the pipeline and protection of the environment. Any significant issues arising from the monitoring program result in mitigative actions based on engineering assessments. Furthermore, Enbridge is mandated to inform the appropriate agencies of issues resulting from the monitoring program. This paper will focus on the terrain and geotechnical monitoring programs initiated by Enbridge over its years of operation of this pipeline and will discuss topics including operations and maintenance activities key to pipelines installed in discontinuous permafrost, condition of the pipeline, and the on-going terrain and slope monitoring program.

RECOVERY OF PRODUCTIVITY OF ONTARIO SOILS DISTURBED BY AN OIL PIPELINE INSTALLATION

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. B. CULLEY ◽  
B. K. DOW ◽  
E. W. PRESANT ◽  
A. J. MacLEAN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
First Year ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Soil Mixing ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
The Right

Measurement of soil properties and field-crop yields on cropland traversed by the Sarnia-Montreal oil pipeline indicated that pipeline isntallation detrimentally affected both crop yields and soil physical-chemical properties in the first year after construction. After 5 yr, relative yields improved although reductions still persisted at most row-cropped sites. However, alfalfa yields at two sites appeared to be unaffected by pipeline construction. Soil mixing and compaction on the right-of-way were most prevalent on medium- to fine-textured soils. Compaction did not appear to be a problem at a coarse-textured site. Soil chemical data indicated that spoil (subsoil) materials from the trench were spread across the right-of-way at most sites. Diluted soil organic matter levels in the right-of-way adversely affected nitrogen status. Medium- to fine-textured right-of-way soils had reduced porosities and hydraulic conductivities, but increased strengths compared with undisturbed adjacent soils.

LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF AN OIL PIPELINE INSTALLATION ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. B. CULLEY ◽  
B. K. DOW
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Soil Mixing ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Alfalfa Field

Crop yields and heights and soil chemical properties on and immediately adjacent to an oil pipeline right-of-way (ROW) were monitored over a 10-yr period. Effects of soil mixing on chemical properties were still apparent despite good crop management. With the exception of alfalfa, field crop yields on the ROW were reduced by an average of 28% 10 yr after installation. Key words: Soil mixing, degradation, crop heights

scholarly journals “Is The Banking Industry The Right Choice To Invest?” (Analisis Laporan Keuangan PT. Bank Central Asia, PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia, PT. Bank Nasional Indonesia, PT. May Bank dan PT. Bank Permata Periode 2013-2017)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 652
Author(s):  
Silmi Silmi ◽  
Kevry Ramdany ◽  
Yudi Mufti Prawira
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Investment Returns ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Analytical Tools

Financial statements are one of the analytical tools that contain information that can be used by potential investors to make investment decisions. Prospective investors need a capable and trusted analysis to analyze the financial statements of the industry in the Bank, to determine which banks need funds for short-term investors and long-term prospective investors involve investing their capital through the purchase of shares, explained to the Bank that provides funds as expected investment returns by potential investors even more. There are 5 banks that submit comparisons and assess their ratios and performance in this study so that potential investors can invest appropriately, expecting: PT. Bank Central Asia, PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia, PT. Bank Nasional Indonesia, PT. May Bank and PT. Bank Permata, for 5 years analysis time period. From the results of research and analysis conducted, Bank BCA is the right choice for investors for short-term investors and BRI is the right choice for potential investors for long-term investment.

Performance of a 48-in. Warm-oil Pipeline Supported on Permafrost

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Rowley ◽  
G. H. Watson ◽  
T. M. Wilson ◽  
R. G. Auld
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Regime ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Foundation Soil ◽  
Climatological Data ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Pipe Line ◽  
And Performance

An experimental pipeline loop, 2000 ft (609.8 m) long and 4 ft (1.22 m) in diameter, was constructed on the Mackenzie Valley Pipe Line Research Limited test site near Inuvik, N.W.T. Oil at 160 °F (71 °C) was circulated through the loop from February 1971 until January 1972 and performance of the continuous gravel berm and intermittent pile bent support systems and ice-rich permafrost foundation monitored.Instrumentation was placed on and around the pipeline to measure settlement and temperature. Site climatological data were also compiled. Settlement and other movements were monitored by periodically taking elevations at the ground surface and on survey rods attached directly to the pipe. Temperatures were measured using both resistance thermal device (R.T.D.) and thermistor type sensing elements. Measured changes in the foundation soil thermal regime were compared with performance as predicted by a two-dimensional thermal simulator model.The observed pipeline loop performance is discussed and compared with predictions for both foundation thawing and settlement. Applicability of the thermal simulator model used and the support piling behavior is also discussed.

Cross Traffic Signing for Stop Signs

1996 ◽  
Vol 1553 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
J. L. Gattis
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Traffic Signs ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Cross Traffic ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Right

Signs warning motorists that traffic on the cross street does not stop can be found at some intersections that are not all-way stop controlled. These “cross traffic” signs have been installed to furnish a special warning where some motorists on the minor approaches may incorrectly assume that the major crossing street also has stop signs. The variety of cross traffic signs in use lack uniformity of message, color, shape, and placement location. A literature review and two surveys were conducted to examine (a) present usage of cross traffic signs, (b) circumstances under which these signs have been installed, (c) studies of the effectiveness of the signs, and (d) future actions. The accident data reviewed offered mixed results about the signs’ effectiveness: at some locations the signs appeared to reduce accident frequencies; at others, accidents continued despite their presence. If the intersections at which these signs have been installed are experiencing right-angle accidents due to a number of different factors, then countermeasures aimed at the right-of-way misperception problem may affect only some of the accidents. Expanded use of the signs could cause drivers to expect them at all two-way stop-controlled situations. More information on the long-term impact of the signs and a study of alternative approaches would help traffic engineers evaluate the desirability of these signs.

Geo-Hydrodynamic Risk Management: Villano-Baeza Pipeline System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabián Vásconez ◽  
Alberto Velasteguí ◽  
Jaime Núñez ◽  
Patricio Torres ◽  
Paco Riofrío ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Periodic Review ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Geodynamic Processes ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Geophysical Investigations ◽  
The Right

Abstract The main areas susceptible to the occurrence of landslides, which imply a threat against the pipeline system, are identified, mapped and classified according to their degree of danger, for which the kinematics of each landslide is considered its intensity and probability of occurrence. In a second phase, detailed geological, geotechnical and geophysical investigations of the main landslides, both active and potential, are carried out. A monitoring program of the unstable slopes through inclinometers, piezometers, strain-gauges, crack meters is carried out in order to determine the degree of activity of the landslides. Among the monitoring techniques, PCM (Pipeline Current Mapper) has been incorporated. Additionally, a record and analysis of trigger factors such as rainfall and seismic activity is carried out. As an additional control system, periodic review of multi-temporal satellite images has been incorporated, which provides a macro vision of the evolution of geodynamic, hydrodynamic and anthropic processes that could affect the integrity of the pipeline any time. Of importance for management is the work of preventive maintenance of the Right of Way, trying to identify and manage the geodynamic processes in a timely manner, before they become uncontrollable. As a result, we have an Oil Pipeline System that has not suffered any rupture, and without consequently oil spills, in more than 21 years of operation.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF SMALL BUSINESS IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF EUROPEAN ECONOMY

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anca Stan
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Eu Policies ◽  
National Output ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sustained Recovery

Small businesses provide catalytic benefits to the economy. They contribute to national output, and to the society as a whole, beyond the spending and profit they generate. The role of SMEs is crucial for the European economic recovery – their number, employment capacity and value added constitute a large share of the European economy. Providing the right conditions in which SMEs can flourish is paramount for ensuring a sustained recovery and achieving prosperity for all EU citizens. There is no single agreed definition of an SME. Early definitions of ‘small’ businesses were largely qualitative. SMEs are generally considered to be non - subsidiary, independent firms which employ fewer than a given number of employees. For many small businesses, going global is no longer just an interesting to do – it is essential to the long – term health and performance of the company. Across the EU policies are being developed at regional, national and transnational government level that see SMEs as the only positive way of creating employment and generating increased local growth for the community.

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