Geo-Hydrodynamic Risk Management: Villano-Baeza Pipeline System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabián Vásconez ◽  
Alberto Velasteguí ◽  
Jaime Núñez ◽  
Patricio Torres ◽  
Paco Riofrío ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Periodic Review ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Geodynamic Processes ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Geophysical Investigations ◽  
The Right

Abstract The main areas susceptible to the occurrence of landslides, which imply a threat against the pipeline system, are identified, mapped and classified according to their degree of danger, for which the kinematics of each landslide is considered its intensity and probability of occurrence. In a second phase, detailed geological, geotechnical and geophysical investigations of the main landslides, both active and potential, are carried out. A monitoring program of the unstable slopes through inclinometers, piezometers, strain-gauges, crack meters is carried out in order to determine the degree of activity of the landslides. Among the monitoring techniques, PCM (Pipeline Current Mapper) has been incorporated. Additionally, a record and analysis of trigger factors such as rainfall and seismic activity is carried out. As an additional control system, periodic review of multi-temporal satellite images has been incorporated, which provides a macro vision of the evolution of geodynamic, hydrodynamic and anthropic processes that could affect the integrity of the pipeline any time. Of importance for management is the work of preventive maintenance of the Right of Way, trying to identify and manage the geodynamic processes in a timely manner, before they become uncontrollable. As a result, we have an Oil Pipeline System that has not suffered any rupture, and without consequently oil spills, in more than 21 years of operation.

scholarly journals Temporal Distribution and Characteristic Analysis of Oil Spill in Balikpapan Bay

2021 ◽  
Vol 925 (1) ◽  
pp. 012063
Author(s):  
D A Widiawan
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Oil Characteristics

Abstract Balikpapan Bay has an oil spill case that attracts many people because it is considered a serious environmental problem and is detrimental to the environment. One of the cases that occurred was the leak of an oil pipeline in Balikpapan Bay due to the wrong anchorage of a ship that occurred on March 31, 2018. Detection of oil spills for three months using Sentinel 1-A satellite data to determine the distribution and analysis of the same oil characteristics from the source of pipe leaks in the Gulf of Balikpapan. The multi-temporal distribution of oil spills in Balikpapan Bay in March, April, and May 2018 has a significant difference in the upstream and mouth of the bay due to a pipe leak on March 31, 2018. Characteristics of upstream oil spills represented by stations 4 and 5 have the anisotropy value is lower than at the mouth of the bay which is represented by stations 1 and 2. The characteristics of the oil spill in Balikpapan Bay have differences before and after the oil spill due to pipe leakage as indicated by the decrease in the anisotropy value.

Norman Wells pipeline permafrost and terrain monitoring: geothermal and geomorphic observations, 1984–1987

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Burgess ◽  
D. G. Harry
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Regime ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Program Components

A long-term permafrost and terrain research and monitoring program along the 869 km buried oil pipeline between Norman Wells, Northwest Territories, and Zama, Alberta, has been undertaken by the Geological Survey of Canada, in cooperation with the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. The two main program components are (1) the detailed quantification of changes in the geothermal regime and geomorphic conditions at instrumented monitoring sites and (2) general observations of terrain conditions and performance along the pipeline route. Pipeline operation commenced in April 1985. Observations during the first 2.5 years of pipeline operation indicate that, as expected, the pipe thermal regime and ground thermal regime have not yet stabilized in response to construction and operation. Warming trends in both mean annual pipe temperature and mean annual right-of-way ground temperature have occurred. Surface settlement in permafrost terrain is ongoing in the pipe trench as well as on the remainder of the right-of-way. Surface erosion has occurred, particularly at stream crossings and on low-angle slopes lacking erosion control structures. Key words: pipeline, permafrost, thermal regime, thaw settlement, surface erosion, instrumentation, Norman Wells, Mackenzie Valley, Canada.

Additional methods to improve the energy efficiency of oil pipeline transportation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-565
Author(s):  
Marat R. Lukmanov ◽  
◽  
Sergey L. Semin ◽  
Pavel V. Fedorov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Pumping Equipment ◽  
Preparatory Work

The challenges of increasing the energy efficiency of the economy as a whole and of certain production sectors in particular are a priority both in our country and abroad. As part of the energy policy of the Russian Federation to reduce the specific energy intensity of enterprises in the oil transportation system, Transneft PJSC developed and implements the energy saving and energy efficiency improvement Program. The application of energy-saving technologies allowed the company to significantly reduce operating costs and emissions of harmful substances. At the same time, further reduction of energy costs is complicated for objective reasons. The objective of this article is to present additional methods to improve the energy efficiency of oil transportation by the example of the organizational structure of Transneft. Possibilities to reduce energy costs in the organization of the operating services, planning and execution of work to eliminate defects and preparatory work for the scheduled shutdown of the pipeline, the use of pumping equipment, including pumps with variable speed drive, the use of various pipelines layouts, changing the volume of oil entering the pipeline system and increase its viscosity.

Coastal monitoring and data management for restoration in Louisiana

Shore & Beach ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
Richard Raynie ◽  
Syed Khalil ◽  
Charles Villarrubia ◽  
Ed Haywood
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Document Retrieval ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
System Level ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Coastal Louisiana

The Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority (CPRA) of Louisiana was created after the devastating hurricanes of 2005 (Katrina and Rita) and is responsible for planning and implementing projects that will either reduce storm-induced losses (protection) or restore coastal ecosystems that have been lost or are in danger of being lost (restoration). The first task of the CPRA board was to develop Louisiana’s first Coastal Master Plan (CPRA 2007), which formally integrates and guides the protection and restoration of Louisiana’s coast. The System-Wide Assessment and Monitoring Program (SWAMP) was subsequently developed as a long-term monitoring program to ensure that a comprehensive network of coastal data collection activities is in place to support the planning, development, implementation, and adaptive management of the protection and restoration program and projects within coastal Louisiana. SWAMP includes both natural-system and human-system components and also incorporates the previously-developed Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS), the Barrier Island Comprehensive Monitoring (BICM) program, and fisheries data collected by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF) in addition to other aspects of system dynamics, including offshore and inland water-body boundary conditions, water quality, risk status, and protection performance, which have historically not been the subject of CPRA-coordinated monitoring. This program further facilitates the integration of project-specific data needs into a larger, system-level design framework. Monitoring and operation of restoration and protection projects will be nested within a larger hydrologic basin-wide and coast-wide SWAMP framework and will allow informed decisions to be made with an understanding of system conditions and dynamics at multiple scales. This paper also provides an update on the implementation of various components of SWAMP in Coastal Louisiana, which began as a Barataria Basin pilot implementation program in 2015. During 2017, the second phase of SWAMP was initiated in the areas east of the Mississippi River. In 2019, development of SWAMP design was completed for the remaining basins in coastal Louisiana west of Bayou Lafourche (Figure 1). Data collection is important to inform decisions, however if the data are not properly managed or are not discoverable, they are of limited use. CPRA is committed to ensuring that information is organized and publicly available to help all coastal stakeholders make informed, science-based decisions. As a part of this effort, CPRA has re-engineered its data management system to include spatial viewers, tabular download web pages, and a library/document retrieval system along with a suite of public-facing web services providing programmatic access. This system is collectively called the Coastal Information Management System (CIMS). CPRA and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) are also developing a proposal to create an interface for CIMS data to be exported to a neutral template that could then be ingested into NOAA’s Data Integration Visualization, Exploration and Reporting (DIVER) repository, and vice versa. DIVER is the repository that the Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) program is using to manage NRDA-funded project data throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Linking CIMS and DIVER will make it easier to aggregate data across Gulf states and look at larger, ecosystem-level changes.

scholarly journals QVigourMap: A GIS Open Source Application for the Creation of Canopy Vigour Maps

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 952
Author(s):  
Lia Duarte ◽  
Ana Cláudia Teodoro ◽  
Joaquim J. Sousa ◽  
Luís Pádua
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Vegetation Monitoring ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Monitoring Process ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Right

In a precision agriculture context, the amount of geospatial data available can be difficult to interpret in order to understand the crop variability within a given terrain parcel, raising the need for specific tools for data processing and analysis. This is the case for data acquired from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), in which the high spatial resolution along with data from several spectral wavelengths makes data interpretation a complex process regarding vegetation monitoring. Vegetation Indices (VIs) are usually computed, helping in the vegetation monitoring process. However, a crop plot is generally composed of several non-crop elements, which can bias the data analysis and interpretation. By discarding non-crop data, it is possible to compute the vigour distribution for a specific crop within the area under analysis. This article presents QVigourMaps, a new open source application developed to generate useful outputs for precision agriculture purposes. The application was developed in the form of a QGIS plugin, allowing the creation of vigour maps, vegetation distribution maps and prescription maps based on the combination of different VIs and height information. Multi-temporal data from a vineyard plot and a maize field were used as case studies in order to demonstrate the potential and effectiveness of the QVigourMaps tool. The presented application can contribute to making the right management decisions by providing indicators of crop variability, and the outcomes can be used in the field to apply site-specific treatments according to the levels of vigour.

scholarly journals Geophysical investigations for stability and safety mitigation of regional crude-oil pipeline near abandoned coal mines

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-162
Author(s):  
B Butchibabu ◽  
Prosanta Kumar Khan ◽  
P C Jha
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
High Resolution Imaging ◽  
Weak Zone ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Refraction Tomography ◽  
Geophysical Investigations ◽  
Resolution Imaging

Abstract This study aims for the protection of a crude-oil pipeline, buried at a shallow depth, against a probable environmental hazard and pilferage. Both surface and borehole geophysical techniques such as electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), ground penetrating radar (GPR), surface seismic refraction tomography (SRT), cross-hole seismic tomography (CST) and cross-hole seismic profiling (CSP) were used to map the vulnerable zones. Data were acquired using ERT, GPR and SRT along the pipeline for a length of 750 m, and across the pipeline for a length of 4096 m (over 16 profiles of ERT and SRT with a separation of 50 m) for high-resolution imaging of the near-surface features. Borehole techniques, based on six CSP and three CST, were carried out at potentially vulnerable locations up to a depth of 30 m to complement the surface mapping with high-resolution imaging of deeper features. The ERT results revealed the presence of voids or cavities below the pipeline. A major weak zone was identified at the central part of the study area extending significantly deep into the subsurface. CSP and CST results also confirmed the presence of weak zones below the pipeline. The integrated geophysical investigations helped to detect the old workings and a deformation zone in the overburden. These features near the pipeline produced instability leading to deformation in the overburden, and led to subsidence in close vicinity of the concerned area. The area for imminent subsidence, proposed based on the results of the present comprehensive geophysical investigations, was found critical for the pipeline.

scholarly journals Integration of Satellite InSAR with a Wireless Network of Geotechnical Sensors for Slope Monitoring in Urban Areas: The Pariana Landslide Case (Massa, Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2534
Author(s):  
Andrea Ciampalini ◽  
Paolo Farina ◽  
Luca Lombardi ◽  
Massimiliano Nocentini ◽  
Veronica Taurino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Slope Movements ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
Slope Monitoring

Slow to extremely slow landslides in urban areas may cause severe damage to buildings and infrastructure that can lead to the evacuation of local populations in case of slope accelerations. Monitoring the spatial and temporal evolution of this type of natural hazard represents a major concern for the public authorities in charge of risk management. Pariana, a village with 400 residents located in the Apuan Alps (Massa, Tuscany, Italy), is an example of urban settlement where the population has long been forced to live with considerable slope instability. In the last 30 years, due to the slope movements associated with a slow-moving landslide that has affected a significant portion of the built-up area, several buildings have been damaged, including a school and the provincial road crossing the unstable area, leading to the need for an installation of a slope monitoring system with early warning capabilities, in parallel with the implementation of mitigation works. In this paper, we show how satellite multi-temporal interferometric synthetic aperture radar (MT-InSAR) data can be effectively used when coupled with a wireless sensor network made of several bar extensometers and a borehole inclinometer. In fact, thanks to their wide area coverage and opportunistic nature, satellite InSAR data allow one to clearly identify the spatial distribution of surface movements and their long-term temporal evolution. On the other hand, geotechnical sensors installed on specific elements at risk (e.g., private buildings, retaining walls, etc.), and collected through Wi-Fi dataloggers, provide near real-time data that can be used to identify sudden accelerations in slope movements, subsequently triggering alarms. The integration of those two-monitoring systems has been tested and assessed in Pariana. Results show how a hybrid slope monitoring program based on the two different technologies can be used to effectively monitor slow-moving landslides and to identify sudden accelerations and activate a response plan.

Modified equations for hydraulic calculation of thermally insulated oil pipelines for the case of a power-law fluid

2021 ◽  
pp. 388-395
Author(s):  
Марат Замирович Ямилев ◽  
Азат Маратович Масагутов ◽  
Александр Константинович Николаев ◽  
Владимир Викторович Пшенин ◽  
Наталья Алексеевна Зарипова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Hydraulic Calculation ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Power Law Fluid ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Oil Pipelines

Теплогидравлический расчет неизотермических трубопроводов является наиболее важным гидравлическим расчетом в рамках решения задач обеспечения надежности и безопасности работы нефтепроводной системы. Для практических расчетов применяются формулы Дарси - Вейсбаха и Лейбензона. При этом в ряде случаев (короткие теплоизолированные участки, поверхностный обогрев нефтепроводов) можно использовать упрощенный подход к расчету, пренебрегая изменением температуры или учитывая температурные поправки. В настоящее время формулы для аналитического расчета движения высоковязких нефтей в форме уравнения Лейбензона получены только для ньютоновской и вязкопластичной жидкостей. Для степенной жидкости соответствующие зависимости отсутствуют, расчет ведется с использованием формулы Дарси - Вейсбаха. Целью настоящей статьи является представление формулы Дарси - Вейсбаха для изотермических течений степенной жидкости в форме уравнения Лейбензона. Данное представление позволит упростить процедуру проведения аналитических выкладок. В результате получены модифицированные уравнения Лейбензона для определения потери напора на участке нефтепровода в диапазоне индекса течения от 0,5 до 1,25. В указанном диапазоне относительное отклонение от результатов расчетов с использованием классических формул Метцнера - Рида и Ирвина не превышает 2 %. The thermal-hydraulic calculation of non-isothermal pipelines is the most important hydraulic calculation in the framework of solving the problems of ensuring the reliability and safety of the oil pipeline system. For practical calculations, the Darcy - Weisbach and Leibenson formulas are used. Moreover, in a number of cases (short heat-insulated sections, surface heating of oil pipelines), a simplified approach to the calculation can be used, neglecting temperature changes or taking into account temperature corrections. At present, formulas for the analytical calculation of the motion of high-viscosity oils in the form of the Leibenson equation have been obtained only for Newtonian and viscoplastic fluids. For a power-law fluid, there are no corresponding dependences; the calculation is carried out using the Darcy - Weisbach formula. The purpose of this article is to present the Darcy - Weisbach formula for isothermal flows of a power-law fluid in the Leibenzon form, which will simplify the procedure for performing analytical calculations. The modified Leibenzon equations are obtained to determine the head loss in the oil pipeline section in the range of the flow index from 0.5 to 1.25. In the specified range, the relative deviation from the results of calculations using the classical Metzner - Reed and Irwin formulas does not exceed 2 %.

MPC Under IEC-61499 Using Low-Cost Devices for Oil Pipeline System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Garcia ◽  
Esteban X. Castellanos ◽  
Jorge Buele ◽  
John Espinoza ◽  
David Lanas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Iec 61499

TransAlaska Pipeline System Linewide Slackline Investigations for Potential Pipe Vibrations

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Tonkins ◽  
U. J. Baskurt ◽  
James D. Hart
Keyword(s):  
North Slope ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Vibration Problems ◽  
Guidelines And Recommendations ◽  
Testing And Evaluation

During the summer of 1996, the TransAlaska Pipeline System (TAPS) experienced pipe vibrations near Thompson Pass, which is located 25 miles north of the Valdez Marine Terminal (VMT). The VMT is the southern terminus of the 48-inch oil pipeline transporting Alaska North Slope Crude for further shipment to market via marine tankers. The pipeline is designed to operate in a slackline mode as it flows over the 2,810 ft. elevation of Thompson Pass. As a result of the slackline experience gained at Thompson Pass, Alyeska evaluated other areas along TAPS where continuous slackline operation either existed in the past or could exist in the future with declining pipeline throughputs. A study determined that other locations along the pipeline could operate in a continuous slackline mode and should be investigated for potential slackline operating problems. This paper describes the slackline testing and evaluation and methods developed by Alyeska to control problems caused by slackline operation. General evaluations and observations of the slackline dynamics phenomena that can cause pipe vibrations along with guidelines and recommendations for the control or elimination of slackline vibration problems are presented.

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