Design and Performance of an Expressway Constructed Over Peat by Preloading

1972 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laval Samson ◽  
Pierre La Rochelle
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
The North ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Remarkable Agreement ◽  
Oedometer Tests ◽  
Compressibility Characteristics ◽  
Made In

This paper presents the complete record of the laboratory investigations and field observations made in conjunction with the construction of expressway embankments built by preloading over a muskeg. The peat deposit, located on the north shore of the Saint-Laurent River, was initially 10–19 ft (3.0–5.8 m) thick and is underlain by sand. Settlements of the highway fills ranging from 5 to 11 ft (1.5 to 3.3 m) were measured during construction.Laboratory and field tests were performed before and during construction. Field vane tests made at the end of the preloading stage indicated a considerable gain in the shear strength as a result of consolidation. Compressibility characteristics of the peat measured in the laboratory are compared with the field behavior.Periodical field level observations were taken during the 4 years after the removal of the temporary surcharge and have shown that the highway embankments heaved 2–3 in. (5.0–7.5 cm) over a period of 12 months at a gradually decreasing rate. The rebound was followed by long-term secondary settlements totaling 0.5–1.5 in. (1.3–3.8 cm) over the following 3 years of observations. Analysis of the settlement records shows that preloading has been beneficial in reducing the coefficient of secondary compression of the peat. Preloading was simulated in the laboratory by means of oedometer tests on peat samples; both the laboratory results and the field observations revealed a remarkable agreement between the duration of the surcharge stage and the time for rebound to be complete after removal of the surcharge.

scholarly journals LESSONS LEARNT FROM THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE DESTROYED MAUSOLEUMS OF TIMBUKTU, MALI

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-M-1-2020 ◽  
pp. 913-920
Author(s):  
T. Joffroy ◽  
B. Essayouti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Nature ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The North ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
New Information ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Way

Abstract. In 2012, the mausoleums of Timbuktu were destroyed by members of the armed forces occupying the North of Mali. After liberation in January 2013, a joint process was launched by the Ministry of Culture of Mali, UNESCO, and the local stakeholders for the gradual reconstruction of these mausoleums, completed in 2016. This has been a long process for heritage structures which, at first glance, appear rather simple and small. However, based on the observations made during the first evaluation mission undertaken in May 2013, it appeared that this question is quite complex. In fact, most of the mausoleums – some at least five hundred years old – had been subjected to numerous changes during their history. This provided a large amount of very interesting new information on the mausoleums, leading to a complete revision of the interpretation of their physical nature and that of their surroundings, as well as of their associated intangible heritage and values. This has also led to numerous questions and discussions concerning the way they should be re-built, including the argument that some of the building techniques had not been used for several decades, and there was a potential need for regular maintenance in the long term. After the description of the process, and discussing the findings and decisions made in the various phases, this paper presents a series of lessons learnt before concluding with some remaining questions.

XIII.—An Investigation into the Design and Performance of Electric Fish-Screens and an Electric Fish-Counter.

1954 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Lethlean
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Electric Fish ◽  
Fish Swimming ◽  
Positive Electrodes ◽  
The North ◽  
Electric Station ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Water Turbines

Synposis:The construction of dams across fresh-water rivers supplying Hydro-Electric schemes has raised the problem of providing less costly methods than mechanical screens for preventing migratory fish from entering inlet and outlet tunnels of water turbines. The paper deals with the possibilities of employing electric screens for such purposes, and gives the results of laboratory investigations followed by site experiments under actual working conditions. Items covered in the fundamental research include (a) a study of trout reactions when subjected to various shapes and strengths of electric fields, and the effects of exposure to them, (b) particulars of electrode arrangements and other factors governing the characteristics of electric fields in waters containing different amounts of impurities, (c) the relative efficiencies in stopping and diverting fish swimming with and against water flows, (d) the conditions necessary for attracting fish to positive electrodes, and (e) some observations on incidental experiments with combinations of lights and electric screens, and with mechanical vibrations. Details are included of the actual screens in operation and the efficiencies obtained from them.In the latter part of the paper a description is given of an original type of automatic electric fish-counter installed in two Hydro-Electric Station fish-passes in the North of Scotland, for integrating the numbers of ascending salmon and descending kelts through a common orifice.

scholarly journals Neuroprosthesis Devices Based on Micro- and Nanosensors: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Josefina Gutiérrez-Martínez ◽  
Cinthya Toledo-Peral ◽  
Jorge Mercado-Gutiérrez ◽  
Arturo Vera-Hernández ◽  
Lorenzo Leija-Salas
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Pacemakers ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Neural Dysfunctions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Made In ◽  
Potential Profit

Background. A neuroprosthesis (NP) is a medical device that compensates and restores functionality of neural dysfunctions affected by different pathologies and conditions. To this end, an implantable NP (INP) must monitor and electrically stimulate neuronal small structures in the peripheral and central nervous system. Therefore, one of the most important parts of INPs are the sensors and electrodes since their size, resolution, and material are key for their design and performance. Currently, most of the studies focus only on the INP application but do not show the technical considerations of the sensors. Objective. This paper is a systematic literature review that summarizes and synthesizes implantable micro- and nanosensors/electrodes used in INPs for sensing and stimulating tissues. Data Sources. Articles and patents published in English were searched from electronic databases. No restrictions were made in terms of country or journal. Study Selection. All reports related to sensors/electrodes applied in INPs were included, focusing on micro- and nanotechnologies. Main Outcome Measures. Performance and potential profit. Results. There was a total of 153 selected articles from the 2010 to June 2020 period, of which 16 were about cardiac pacemakers, 15 cochlear implants, 13 retinal prosthesis, 31 deep brain stimulation, 6 bladder implants, and 18 implantable motor NPs. All those INPs are used for support or recovery of neural functions for hearing, seeing, pacing, and motor control, as well as bladder and bowel control. Micro- and nanosensors for signal stimulation and recording have four special requirements to meet: biocompatibility, long-term reliability, high selectivity, and low-energy consumption. Current and future considerations in sensor/electrode design should focus on improving efficiency and safety. This review is a first approximation for those who work on INP design; it offers an idea of the complexity on the matter and can guide them to specific references on the subject.

Obtaining Value and Performance by Managing Effectively the Customers’ Complaints

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Mircea Constantin Duica ◽  
Nicoleta Valentina Florea ◽  
Tiberiu Alexandru Dobrescu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Objective Information ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Amount Of Knowledge ◽  
Willingness To Recommend ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Way

Abstract Customers’ complaints represent an opportunity for any organization who wants to improve relationship with customers, to find out the problems existing into organization and the way to solve them, to improve the amount of knowledge and the desire, beliefs, and needs of customers. All those are made in order to increase value for organization and also for the customers. Having objective information, updated, clear and sincere, the organization may improve the quality of their products and services it offers. Thus, any complaints may be regarded as a gift not as a negative feedback from the customers, or as a two-way feedback based on trust and collaboration. A gift which will bring performance on long term based on win-win situations. In this article we will disseminate the literature in the field and also we will analyze the results of a research made on 150 respondents who analyzed 10 institutions, the willingness to recommend them to other customers and the problem existing into these institutions, making a plan to overcome them. The objective of this analysis is to understand the role of customers’ complaints in improving the quality of the products and services and of the value obtained both for customers and organizations.

The distribution of Phyllophora in the North Atlantic and Arctic regions

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Newroth
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
The North ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Mediterranean And Black Seas ◽  
Made In

The distributions of five species of Phyllophora Greville (Order Gigartinales) were examined in the North Atlantic and Arctic regions. Less detailed distributional observations of Phyllophora were made in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Distributional records, based on extant specimens from extensive personal field observations in the United Kingdom and eastern North America and from collections in various herbaria, are recorded in tables and on maps; these records are discussed.

Design and Performance of Hand-Struck Tools Using High Performance Polymers

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Glancey ◽  
P. Popper ◽  
T. Nasr ◽  
P. Truitt ◽  
M. Orgovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Lumped Parameter Model ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Transmission Characteristics ◽  
High Performance Polymers ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
And Performance

One of the oldest tools in the world, the hand-struck chisel, has been improved with the addition of a polymer cap. The cap enhances the safety and ergonomic features without compromising chisel cutting performance. During the development of this new design, a lumped-parameter model was used to quantify force transmission characteristics, and select a suitable polymer-reinforced nylon (Minlon™). In addition, a finite element model together with laboratory and field tests were used to demonstrate that the addition of the polymer cap significantly reduces chisel vibration and noise. Additional long term tests confirmed the cutting effectiveness and durability of the capped chisel.

Long-term changes (1979-2015) in the nematode fauna in Sivash Bay (Sea of Azov), Russia, worldwide the largest hypersaline lagoon, during salinity transformations

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelli G. Sergeeva ◽  
Nickolai V. Shadrin ◽  
Elena V. Anufriieva
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Ecosystem ◽  
Average Abundance ◽  
Hypersaline Lagoon ◽  
Made In ◽  
Nematode Fauna

Summary Sivash Bay is the largest hypersaline lagoon in the world. In 1963-1975 the North Crimean Canal was constructed, with water from the River Dnieper and discharge of drainage water collected from agricultural lands into Sivash Bay. Salinity in Sivash Bay began to drop, resulting in a new brackish water ecosystem. The political decision to stop supplying water from the River Dnieper to the Canal was made in 2014, and the discharge of fresh water into the lagoon ended, resulting in an increase in salinity up to 60-75 g l−1. This study showed that the abundance of meiobenthos increased, with Nematoda dominating. The composition of nematode species in the lagoon has not previously been studied. Using samples from 1979, 2013 and 2015, 50 nematode species and forms were identified in 1979, 32 in 2013 and 21 in 2015. The species composition of nematodes at different periods was significantly different. The average abundance of nematodes was 134 198 ind. m−2 in 2013 and 606 660 ind. m−2 in 2015.

Long Term Underwater Strain Measurement on an Offshore Structure

2004 ◽  
Vol 1-2 ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Thomas Kleckers ◽  
Nick Gittins
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Strain Measurement ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Offshore Structure ◽  
The North ◽  
Underwater Environment ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Strain Gauge Measurements ◽  
Made In

A research wind energy platform was mounted in the northern sea. To understand the mechanical loading of this structure, over an extended period of time, a strain gauge installation capable of withstanding the rigorous underwater environment was required. Strain gauge measurements are made in a depth of 30m below sea level. Welding on the construction was prohibited. Development and testing of strain gauge protection system was completed to ensure the operation of strain gauge underwater for an extended period in the North Sea.

Long-term Cyclic Variations of Prominences, Green and Red Coronae over Solar Cycles

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Vojtech Rušin ◽  
Milan Minarovjech ◽  
Milan Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Emission Lines ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
The South ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Local Maxima ◽  
The North ◽  
Cyclic Variations

AbstractLong-term cyclic variations in the distribution of prominences and intensities of green (530.3 nm) and red (637.4 nm) coronal emission lines over solar cycles 18–23 are presented. Polar prominence branches will reach the poles at different epochs in cycle 23: the north branch at the beginning in 2002 and the south branch a year later (2003), respectively. The local maxima of intensities in the green line show both poleward- and equatorward-migrating branches. The poleward branches will reach the poles around cycle maxima like prominences, while the equatorward branches show a duration of 18 years and will end in cycle minima (2007). The red corona shows mostly equatorward branches. The possibility that these branches begin to develop at high latitudes in the preceding cycles cannot be excluded.

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