The infrared spectrum of di-imide near 7.6 μm

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
K-E. J. Hallin ◽  
J. W. C. Johns ◽  
A. Trombetti
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectrum ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Type A ◽  
Phase Spectrum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Simultaneous Presence ◽  
Torsional Mode ◽  
Bending Mode ◽  
Type C

The gas phase spectrum of N2H2 has been investigated in the region of 7.6 μm at a resolution of about 0.06cm−1. Two bands have been identified; one, near 1288 cm−1, is a type C band and must correspond to ν4 (the hitherto unidentified Au torsional mode), and the other, near 1317 cm−1, is a type A–B hybrid and corresponds to ν6 (the Bu bending mode). Analysis of the spectrum is complicated by the simultaneous presence of strong A-type and B-type Coriolis interactions which couple the observed levels.

Discrimination of Mirror-Image Patterns by Rhesus Monkeys

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Riopelle ◽  
U. Rahm ◽  
N. Itoigawa ◽  
W. A. Draper
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Type A ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type C

Twelve rhesus monkeys were trained to discriminate between (a) lateral mirror-image problem, (b) vertical mirror-image problem, (c) problems in which one stimuli was rotated 90°, and (d) nonidentical problems. Type (a) problems were most readily discriminated whereas type (c) problems were least readily discriminated. The other problems were of intermediate difficulty. Stimuli placed one above the other were less discriminable than those placed side by side. No interaction existed between type of stimulus placement and direction of the comparison. The results are explained by the fact that the monkeys tend to inspect the bottom edges of the stimuli, which differ in discriminability as a function of the direction of the mirror-image reflection.

scholarly journals The projected directive construction and object case marking in Finnish

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-190
Author(s):  
Yrjö Lauranto
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type B ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
Action Type ◽  
Type C ◽  
The One ◽  
Causative Construction ◽  
Action Verbs

This article examines object case marking in a Finnish verb structure called the Projected Directive Construction, e.g. Liisa pyysi Matti-a lähte-mä-än ‘Liisa asked Matti to leave’ (Liisa.NOMINATIVE asked Matti-PARTITIVE leave-INF-ILLATIVE). The PDC is divided into three subtypes. Type A includes verbs such as pyytää ‘to request’, which take a partitive object regardless of the outcome of the action. Verbs used in type B, such as määrätä ‘to order’, take an accusative object despite the result of the action. Type C comprises verbs such as suostutella ‘to persuade’ taking either a partitive or an accusative object, depending on the outcome of the semiotic causation expressed in the clause. The object case marking in the three subtypes reflects the two-faceted nature of the construction: on the one hand, it is a construction used for reporting of speech, on the other, it is a causative construction. It seems that boundedness – as it has traditionally been defined – does not suffice to describe the alternation of the object case in the PDC.Kokkuvõte. Yrjö Lauranto: Projitseeritud direktiivsed konstruktsioonid ja objekti käände markeerimine soome keeles. Artiklis käsitletakse objekti käänet soome keele projitseeritud direktiivses konstruktsioonis (PDK), nt Liisa pyysi Matti-a lähte-mä-än ‘Liisa palus Matit ära minna’. PDK võib jagada kolme alltüüpi. Tüüp A sisaldab verbe nagu pyytää ‘paluda’, mis nõuavad partitiivobjekti, sõltumata tegevuse tulemusest. Tüüp B verbid nagu määrätä ‘käskida’ nõuavad akusatiivobjekti, sõltumata tegevuse tulemuslikkusest. Tüüpi C kuuluvad verbid nagu suostutella ‘veenda’, mis võivad võtta nii partitiivse kui akusatiivse objekti, sõltuvalt lausega väljendatud semiootilise põhjustatuse tulemusest. Kolme alltüübi käändemarkeering peegeldab konstruktsiooni kahetist olemust: ühelt poolt kasutatakse konstruktsiooni kõne vahendamiseks, teiselt poolt on tegemist kausatiivse konstruktsiooniga. Seega ei piisa PDK objekti käändevahelduse selgitamiseks vaid piiritletuse mõistest.Võtmesõnad: objekti käände markeerimine; piiritletus; akusatiiv; partitiiv; kõne ja mõtete vahendamine; projitseerimine; kausatiivne konstruktsioon; soome keel

Detection of copper precipitates in Cu2O by NMR

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Hughes ◽  
S. Mohanty ◽  
L. Pandey ◽  
F. L. Weichman
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Copper ◽  
Type A ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Skin Depth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Type C ◽  
Nmr Signals ◽  
Depth Effects

Weak 63Cu NMR signals characteristic of metallic copper have been found in three type-C Cu2O crystals, but not in types A and B. This is in accordance with presently accepted models of these materials. The resonances are asymmetric in two of the three crystals. One shows skin-depth effects, implying particle sizes [Formula: see text], the other shows some second-order quadrupole broadening, presumably associated with strains or surface effects. From the areas under the absorption curves, mass concentrations of copper precipitates ranging from 0.023 to 0.034% are deduced. However, the smallest value is found from an asymmetric resonance where significant loss of signal must have occurred. The data are not inconsistent with a concentration of about 0.034% for all three crystals. For type-A and -B material, an upper limit of 3–7 ppm can be placed on the concentration, depending on the assumed contribution of the satellites to the resonance. 63Cu resonances associated with the transitions between Zeeman-split ± 1/2 quadrupole states in Cu2O were troublesome, since they overlapped the metal resonance at many sample orientations. Strong Cu2O signals, observed at one orientation, indicated that part of the crystal must have grown with {111} faces.

scholarly journals Typing of isolates of Clostridium perfringensfrom healthy and diseased sheep by multiplex PCR

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 439-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kalender ◽  
Ertas HB ◽  
B. Cetinkaya ◽  
A. Muz ◽  
N. Arslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Type A ◽  
The Other ◽  
Enterotoxin Gene ◽  
Type D ◽  
Enterotoxin Genes ◽  
Healthy Sheep ◽  
Type C ◽  
Alpha Beta

In this study, C. perfringens strains isolated from healthy and diseased sheep were analysed by multiplex PCR in order to to detect the presence of the alpha, beta, epsilon, iota and enterotoxin genes. C. perfringens was isolated from 52 of 104 sheep with enterotoxemia signs and from 61 of 194 clinically healthy sheep. Genotyping of 52 strains from diseased sheep indicated that 33 (64%) were type A, 11 (21%) type D and 8 (15%) type C. Of 61 strains from healthy sheep, 58 (95%) were type A and 3 (5%) type D. The other types of C. perfringens were not detected, and none of the isolates contained the enterotoxin gene. This result indicates that the enterotoxin of C. perfringens does not play the important role in the occurence of enterotoxemia in sheep.

A polycentric growth model of gallium arsenide epitaxial layers from the gas phase with simultaneous diffusion, adsorption and chemical reaction

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 2995-3013
Author(s):  
Emerich Erdös ◽  
Jindřich Leitner ◽  
Petr Voňka ◽  
Josef Stejskal ◽  
Přemysl Klíma
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gallium Arsenide ◽  
Epitaxial Growth ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Surface Reaction ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rate Equations ◽  
Impact Interaction ◽  
Partial Pressures

For a quantitative description of the epitaxial growth rate of gallium arsenide, two models are proposed including two rate controlling steps, namely the diffusion of components in the gas phase and the surface reaction. In the models considered, the surface reaction involves a reaction triple - or quadruple centre. In both models three mechanisms are considered which differ one from the other by different adsorption - and impact interaction of reacting particles. In every of the six cases, the pertinent rate equations were derived, and the models have been confronted with the experimentally found dependences of the growth rate on partial pressures of components in the feed. The results are discussed with regard to the plausibility of individual mechanisms and of both models, and also with respect to their applicability and the direction of further investigations.

MRI analysis and surgical treatment of Wassel Type IV duplicated thumbs

2021 ◽  
pp. 175319342098321
Author(s):  
Anyuan Wang ◽  
Jian Ding ◽  
Long Wang ◽  
Tinggang Chu ◽  
Zhipeng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Surgical Reconstruction ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Type D ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Secondary Operations ◽  
Type C

We present the MRI findings for 39 Wassel Type IV duplicated thumbs in 38 patients. We found that MRI revealed the morphology of the cartilaginous connection between the thumb anlages and the location of the deviation corresponding to the classification of Horii, which allowed precise preoperative planning of corrective osteotomies. All 39 thumbs were available for follow-up after surgical reconstruction at a mean of 29 months (range 25 to 39). Four out of nine Horii Type A cases and all 12 Type B, as well as the six Type C and the six Type D cases, achieved good results according to the Tada scoring system. Five Type A cases achieved fair results with residual stiffness of the interphalangeal joint. No secondary operations were needed. We conclude that MRI proved useful in subclassifying Wassel Type IV duplicated thumbs and may aid in planning the osteotomies needed for their reconstruction. Level of evidence: IV

Methylene. III. Gas phase reactions with 1-chloropropane

1969 ◽  
Vol 312 (1509) ◽  
pp. 141-161 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Hydrogen Abstraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gas Phase Reactions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Chlorine Substituent ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Singlet Methylene

The work described in this and the following paper is a continuation of that in parts I and II, devoted to elucidation of the mechanism of the reactions of methylene with chloroalkanes, with particular reference to the reactivities of singlet and triplet methylene in abstraction and insertion processes. The products of the reaction between methylene, prepared by the photolysis of ketene, and 1-chloropropane have been identified and estimated and their dependence on reactant pressures, photolysing wavelength and presence of foreign gases (oxygen and carbon mon­oxide) has been investigated. Both insertion and abstraction mechanisms contribute significantly to the over-all reaction, insertion being relatively much more important than with chloroethane. This type of process appears to be confined to singlet methylene. If, as seems likely, there is no insertion into C—Cl bonds under our conditions (see part IV), insertion into C2—H and C3—H bonds occurs in statistical ratio, approximately. On the other hand, the chlorine substituent reduces the probability of insertion into C—H bonds in its vicinity. As in the chloroethane system, both species of methylene show a high degree of selectivity in their abstraction reactions. We find that k S Cl / k S H >7.7, k T Cl / k T H < 0.14, where the k ’s are rate constants for abstraction, and the super- and subscripts indicate the species of methylene and the type of atom abstracted, respectively. Triplet methylene is discriminating in hydrogen abstraction from 1-C 3 H 7 Cl, the overall rates for atoms attached to C1, C2, C3 being in the ratios 2.63:1:0.

Anatomie, histologie et affinités de l'appareil séricigène des Hersilia Sav. et Aud. (Araneae: Hersiliidae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Kovoor
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
The Other ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Evolutionary Stage ◽  
Type B ◽  
Outer Coat ◽  
Silk Glands ◽  
Single Protein

Although hersiliid spiders do not spin any webs, their silk glands, which belong to six types, are large and complex. Two groups of ampullate glands, one opening on the anterior spinnerets and the other on the median spinnerets, secrete two proteins each. About 180 pyriform glands are clearly bipartite. Over 200 type A aciniform glands opening on the median and posterior spinnerets are made up of three categories of secretory cells. Silk from these glands consists of two proteins (core and outer coat) joined together by an intermediary layer of acidic glycoprotein. All the 160 type B aciniform glands opening on the posterior spinnerets secrete a single protein. Fifty tubuliform glands opening on the median and posterior spinnerets produce two proteins, one of which is coloured. As in Urocteinae, long posterior spinnerets and large, numerous aciniform and tubuliform glands are correlated with swathing of prey and egg-cocoon construction. In Lycosidae and Agelenidae, the ampullate glands show the same number and distribution according to the spinnerets. However, anatomical and histochemical features of hersiliid aciniform and ampullate glands are close to those of some Araneoidea. Apart from peculiar characteristics, silk glands of Hersilia might represent an intermediate evolutionary stage towards Araneoidea.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document