Velocity of Hypersonic Waves in Liquid Oxygen. Part II

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (18) ◽  
pp. 1727-1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Clouter ◽  
H. Kiefte ◽  
I. E. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Sound Velocity ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Brillouin Scattering ◽  
Liquid Oxygen ◽  
Normal Boiling Point ◽  
Saturated Liquid ◽  
Ultrasonic Velocities ◽  
Experimental Errors

Thermal Brillouin scattering techniques have been used to determine the velocities of hypersonic (0.2 to 3 GHz) waves in saturated liquid oxygen at temperatures from the normal boiling point (90.19 K) to the critical point (154.58 K). The results are in excellent agreement with corresponding ultrasonic (1.2 MHz, 10 MHz) velocities obtained from the literature, except for temperatures above about 148 K. In this region the hypersonic velocities are lower in magnitude than the ultrasonic velocities, the discrepancy being 4% at 150 K and increasing to 13% at 153.9 K. Since these discrepancies are substantially greater than the estimated experimental errors (±0.5% for the hypersonic velocities, ±0.05% for the ultrasonic velocities) it is concluded that saturated liquid oxygen exhibits a significant negative dispersion in the sound velocity at temperatures immediately below the critical point.

THE REFRACTIVE INDICES OF LIQUID OXYGEN, NITROGEN, AND HYDROGEN

1937 ◽  
Vol 15a (7) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Johns ◽  
J. O. Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Boiling Point ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Liquid Oxygen ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Normal Boiling Point

The refractive indices of liquid oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen at temperatures ranging from the normal boiling point to the normal freezing point of the liquefied gases were determined by means of a Wollaston cell for the wavelengths 6939Å, 5461Å, and 4358Å. The values obtained at the normal boiling point for λ = 5461Å were: oxygen, 1.2242; nitrogen, 1.1990; hydrogen, 1.1120.

The Realization of the Normal Boiling Point of Neon

Metrologia ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
R C Kemp ◽  
W R G Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Boiling Point ◽  
Normal Boiling Point

Brillouin scattering studies of simple liquids: O2, N2, CO, CH4

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 2178-2184 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Clouter ◽  
H. Kiefte ◽  
I. E. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Brillouin Scattering ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Saturated Liquid ◽  
Simple Liquids ◽  
Coexistence Line ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Liquid Vapor

The technique of Brillouin scattering has been used to obtain new velocity and attenuation data for thermal sound waves in liquids O2, N2, CO, and CH4. Measurements of Brillouin shift and linewidth were made along the liquid–vapor coexistence line in each case and, when combined with previously published results, comprise a reasonably complete set of data covering the saturated liquid ranges of all four cryogenic materials. Where possible, comparisons are made with corresponding ultrasonic data.

scholarly journals Experimental evidence for silica-enriched Earth’s lower mantle with ferrous iron dominant bridgmanite

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (45) ◽  
pp. 27899-27905
Author(s):  
Izumi Mashino ◽  
Motohiko Murakami ◽  
Nobuyoshi Miyajima ◽  
Sylvain Petitgirard
Keyword(s):  
Sound Velocity ◽  
Lower Mantle ◽  
Mantle Convection ◽  
Brillouin Scattering ◽  
Seismic Structure ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Diamond Anvil ◽  
Evolution Dynamics ◽  
Iron Bearing

Determination of the chemical composition of the Earth’s mantle is of prime importance to understand the evolution, dynamics, and origin of the Earth. However, there is a lack of experimental data on sound velocity of iron-bearing Bridgmanite (Brd) under relevant high-pressure conditions of the whole mantle, which prevents constraints on the mineralogical model of the lower mantle. To uncover these issues, we have conducted sound-velocity measurement of iron-bearing Brd in a diamond-anvil cell (DAC) up to 124 GPa using Brillouin scattering spectroscopy. Here we show that the sound velocities of iron-bearing Brd throughout the whole pressure range of lower mantle exhibit an apparent linear reduction with the iron content. Our data fit remarkably with the seismic structure throughout the lower mantle with Fe2+-enriched Brd, indicating that the greater part of the lower mantle could be occupied by Fe2+-enriched Brd. Our lower-mantle model shows a distinctive Si-enriched composition with Mg/Si of 1.14 relative to the upper mantle (Mg/Si = 1.25), which implies that the mantle convection has been inefficient enough to chemically homogenize the Earth’s whole mantle.

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