THE REFRACTIVE INDICES OF LIQUID OXYGEN, NITROGEN, AND HYDROGEN

1937 ◽  
Vol 15a (7) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Johns ◽  
J. O. Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Boiling Point ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Liquid Oxygen ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Normal Boiling Point

The refractive indices of liquid oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen at temperatures ranging from the normal boiling point to the normal freezing point of the liquefied gases were determined by means of a Wollaston cell for the wavelengths 6939Å, 5461Å, and 4358Å. The values obtained at the normal boiling point for λ = 5461Å were: oxygen, 1.2242; nitrogen, 1.1990; hydrogen, 1.1120.

Velocity of Hypersonic Waves in Liquid Oxygen. Part II

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (18) ◽  
pp. 1727-1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Clouter ◽  
H. Kiefte ◽  
I. E. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Sound Velocity ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Brillouin Scattering ◽  
Liquid Oxygen ◽  
Normal Boiling Point ◽  
Saturated Liquid ◽  
Ultrasonic Velocities ◽  
Experimental Errors

Thermal Brillouin scattering techniques have been used to determine the velocities of hypersonic (0.2 to 3 GHz) waves in saturated liquid oxygen at temperatures from the normal boiling point (90.19 K) to the critical point (154.58 K). The results are in excellent agreement with corresponding ultrasonic (1.2 MHz, 10 MHz) velocities obtained from the literature, except for temperatures above about 148 K. In this region the hypersonic velocities are lower in magnitude than the ultrasonic velocities, the discrepancy being 4% at 150 K and increasing to 13% at 153.9 K. Since these discrepancies are substantially greater than the estimated experimental errors (±0.5% for the hypersonic velocities, ±0.05% for the ultrasonic velocities) it is concluded that saturated liquid oxygen exhibits a significant negative dispersion in the sound velocity at temperatures immediately below the critical point.

The Realization of the Normal Boiling Point of Neon

Metrologia ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
R C Kemp ◽  
W R G Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Boiling Point ◽  
Normal Boiling Point

E EVALUASI MUTU MINYAK BUMI DENGAN DISTILASI TRUE BOILING POINT (TBP) BERDASARKAN PARAMETER UJI SIFAT FISIKA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PRODUK KEROSIN DAN AVTUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Dian Kurnia Sari ◽  
Rian Ternando
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Smoke Point ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Primary Process ◽  
Copper Strip

Minyak bumi dievaluasi guna menentukan potensi minyak bumi sebagai bahan baku kilang minyak untuk menghasilkan fraksi yang dikehendaki. Evaluasi yang dilakukan meliputi pengujian sifat umum minyak bumi, klasifikasi minyak bumi dengan distilasi True Boiling Point (TBP) wide cut (pemotongan jarak lebar) serta analisis fraksi kerosin. Fraksi kerosin yang dihasilkan dari primary process dapat diolah menjadi bahan bakar rumah tangga (minyak  tanah) dan bahan bakar lampu penerangan. Selain itu fraksi kerosin juga dapat dioalah menjadi bahan bakar untuk pesawat terbang jenis jet (avtur). Avtur adalah kerosin yang dengan  spesifikasi yang diperketat, terutama mengenai titik uap dan titik beku. Untuk melakukan pengolahan pada minyak bumi perlu diketahui karakteristik dan spesifikasi minyak  bumi (bahan baku) yang akan diolah untuk mengetahui mutu dan manfaat minyak bumi tersebut. Salah satu parameter uji analisis minyak bumi yaitu parameter sifat fisika. Dari data distilasi TBP diperoleh persentase fraksi kerosin Crude Oil 99 PT HS sebesar 29 % vol sedangkan Crude Oil 165 PT RT sebesar 23 % vol. Berdasarkan analisis sifat fisika yang meliputi Specific Gravity, Refractive Index nD20, Freezing Point, Smoke Point, Flash Point “Abel”, Aniline Point, Copper Strip Corrosion, Kinematic Viscosity dan Characterization KUOP. Crude Oil 99 dan Crude Oil 165 memiliki mutu yang baik serta memenuhi spesifikasi produk kerosin maupun produk avtur.

Exciplex-Based Vapor/Liquid Visualization Systems Appropriate for Automotive Gasolines

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 782-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn A. Melton
Keyword(s):  
Cross Talk ◽  
Spectral Region ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Automotive Gasoline ◽  
Normal Boiling Point ◽  
Tertiary Amines ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Exciplex Emission ◽  
Visualization Systems ◽  
Vapor Liquid

This paper reports the development of exciplex-based vapor/liquid visualization systems based on exciplexes formed from tertiary amines and fluorine-substituted benzene and/or toluene. These systems are expected to be virtually coevaporative with solvents (fuels) boiling in the temperature range 70 to 110°C and thus are expected to track the vaporization of automotive gasoline effectively. A system consisting of 10% triethylamine/0.5% fluorobenzene/89.5% hexane should be coevaporative with a normal boiling point of 69°C. A system consisting of 10% n-propyldiethylamine/0.5% 4-fluorotoluene/89.5% isooctane should be coevaporative with a normal boiling point of approximately 100°C. Although the coevaporation of these systems is excellent, the exciplexes revert to varying extents to excited monomer at temperatures near 100°C. Thus there is considerable cross talk from the liquid into the vapor spectral region. The tertiary amines generally require excitation at wavelengths below 250 nm; the fluorobenzene or 4-fluorotoluene can be excited at 266 nm. Monomer emission peaks at 290 nm; exciplex emission peaks at 350 nm.

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE FRACTIONATION OF ISOTOPIC ISOMERS BY DISTILLATION

1935 ◽  
Vol 13b (2) ◽  
pp. 114-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Stedman
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Atomic Weight ◽  
Liquid Oxygen ◽  
Vapor Pressures ◽  
Normal Concentration ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Total Separation ◽  
Preliminary Study

Slight separations of some isotopic isomers have been achieved by equilibrium rectification. In the case of chlorine the total separation amounted to 0.048 atomic weight units; 28.6% of the O18 has also been removed from normal oxygen by the fractionation of water, and in a short run with liquid oxygen the normal concentration of O18 has been raised from 0.2% to 0.25%. The last-mentioned separation can be carried considerably further with present equipment.CH3D was synthesized. Its boiling point appears to be 0.5 °C. lower than that of methane.The vapor pressures of a 56.8% solution of D2O were measured, and it is suggested that the published values of the vapor pressure of D2O at temperatures lower than 40 °C. may be slightly too high.

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