The Radius of the Coulomb Hole

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 592-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell J. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Energy ◽  
Radial Distance ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Isoelectronic Sequence ◽  
Expectation Values ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Coulomb Hole ◽  
Radial Density Distribution ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
S States

The radius of the Coulomb hole in an atom or molecule is discussed in general terms and illustrated in detail for the ground state of the helium isoelectronic sequence. The calculations demonstrate a general tendency for the radius of the Coulomb hole to increase as a function of the distance of the reference electron from the nucleus and the existence of a nonzero lower limit (0.800 a.u. in He and 0.111 a.u. in Mg10+) for the radius of the Coulomb hole. This limit is slightly larger than the radial distance at which the radial density distribution reaches its maximum. By expressing the correlation energy of an atom in terms of certain one and two electron expectation values, the relationship between the correlation energy and the size and shape of the Coulomb hole is discussed. Detailed comparisons for the ground and 23S states of He are used to demonstrate the relationship.

scholarly journals Inequality between capital and labour and among wage-earners: the role of collective bargaining and trade unions

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-46
Author(s):  
Maarten Keune
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Union Density ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Union Bargaining Power ◽  
Wage Earners ◽  
The Relationship

In the context of rising inequality between capital and labour and among wage-earners in Europe, this state-of-the-art article reviews the literature concerning the relationship between collective bargaining and inequality. It focuses on two main questions: (i) what is the relationship between collective bargaining, union bargaining power and inequality between capital and labour? and (ii) what is the relationship between collective bargaining, union bargaining power and wage inequality among wage-earners? Both questions are discussed in general terms and for single- and multi-employer bargaining systems. It is argued that collective bargaining coverage and union density are negatively related to both types of inequality. These relationships are however qualified by four additional factors: who unions represent, the weight of union objectives other than wages, the statutory minimum wage, and extensions of collective agreements by governments.

scholarly journals Niue's Relationship of Free Association with new Zealand

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Quentin-Baxter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Free Association ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Administrative Assistance

This article provides an account of the relationship between Niue and New Zealand. Because Niue is both a self-governing state and one who has a relationship of free association with New Zealand, Niue's government makeup is both constitutional and contractual. The article discusses the principles of Niue's free association status with New Zealand in light of its constitutional makeup. The nature of the relationship between New Zealand and Niue is discussed in general terms, and the principles of economic and administrative assistance from New Zealand is explored in greater detail.  

The Moderating Effect of Family Management on R&D Productivity in Privately Held Firms

2019 ◽  
pp. 309-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
María J. Martínez-Romero ◽  
Rubén Martínez-Alonso ◽  
M. Pilar Casado-Belmonte ◽  
Alfonso A. Rojo-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Family Firms ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Family Management ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Longitudinal Sample ◽  
General Terms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Privately Held

The aim of this chapter is to analyze the moderating effect of family management on the relationship between R&D inputs and R&D outcomes, that is, R&D productivity. Using a longitudinal sample of 337 Spanish privately held manufacturing firms, the results show that in general terms, although family managed firms invest less in R&D than their non-family managed counterparts, they reinforce the conversion of R&D inputs into R&D outcomes. Moreover, the findings reveal that the strengthening effect of family management on R&D productivity is contingent upon the level of R&D expenditures. Thus, this chapter contributes to shedding some light into the debate regarding innovation management in privately held family firms.

An Intellectual Capital-Based View of Technological Innovation

2010 ◽  
pp. 166-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Delgado-Verde ◽  
Jorge Cruz-González
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Incremental Innovation ◽  
Knowledge Resources ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Innovation Product ◽  
Productive Factor ◽  
Technological Capital ◽  
The Relationship

The growing importance of knowledge as a key productive factor in today’s society requires a change in thinking about innovation in general terms as well as in specific terms, such as technological innovation, product innovation and organizational innovation (Nonaka, 1994). Also, companies are aware that knowledge is the most valuable and strategic resource to face the current environment (Chen et al., 2004). In this sense, intellectual capital is increasingly interesting to companies that get their benefits through innovation and knowledge. For this reason, it is important to study the relationship between intellectual capital and innovation (Edvinsson and Sullivan, 1996). In fact, it is widely accepted that an organization capability to innovate is closely tied to it is intellectual capital, or its ability to utilize its knowledge resources (Subramaniam and Youndt, 2005). So, this research proposes a theoretical model to identify and classify the different elements of intellectual capital (human capital, organizational capital, technological capital, relational capital and social capital) as a source of various types of technological innovation (product, process, radical and incremental innovation), analyzing the relationship between each of those components and the four types of innovation.

The effect of CSR commitment on firms’ level of internationalization

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1415-1432
Author(s):  
Morteza Khojastehpour ◽  
Md Abu Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Regulatory Quality ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has received considerable research attention globally over the past decade. Although a growing number of prior studies have investigated the various dimensions of CSR in general terms, few studies have investigated the critical role that CSR can play in the internationalization process of firms. Design/methodology/approach Using S&P 500 companies during 2004-2014, the authors found that the level of CSR commitment raises the level of reliability of firm and allows further international penetration. Moreover, better regulatory quality of host country is at actual support of internationalization only when considering the short term. Findings Better regulatory quality of host country is at actual support of internationalization only when considering the short term. Originality/value The authors build on internationalization theory and CSR and examine the relationship between firms’ level of internationalization and CSR commitment.

The Application of Psychoanalytical Principles to the Hospital In-Patient

1948 ◽  
Vol 94 (397) ◽  
pp. 773-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Stengel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Main Topic ◽  
Therapeutic Activity ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
The Relationship

There is no need for re-stating, in general terms, the importance of the psychoanalytical contribution to psychiatry. This has been discussed here on several occasions, and possibly more seriously than in any other society of psychiatrists. I am referring to the papers read to this section by Bernard Hart (1), David Forsyth (2) and Edward Glover (3). They form a most interesting introduction into the problem of the relationship between psychiatry and psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis has not been the main topic of discussion in this section since Edward Glover's address on the application of psychoanalytical principles in psychiatry thirteen years ago. Since then the psychiatric scene has changed out of recognition. We have entered an era of great therapeutic activity. The hospital in-patient with whom we are concerned to-day has been subjected to a variety of physical methods, and the campaign has still not reached its peak of intensity. It is too early, at this stage, finally to assess the therapeutic value of those treatments, but we can say this much already: it is most unlikely that they will save us the trouble of studying mental illness the hard way. Psychiatry cannot afford to neglect any approach that promises to contribute to the understanding of mental phenomena. It is against this background of psychiatric developments that psychoanalysis has again been chosen for discussion here.

scholarly journals CINEMA E PROPAGANDA POLÍTICA NO FASCISMO, NAZISMO, SALAZARISMO E FRANQUISMO

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wagner Pinheiro Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Political Propaganda ◽  
Governmental Policy ◽  
General Terms ◽  
The Relationship

O propósito deste artigo é realizar um estudo do cinema produzido durante os regimes fascista, nazista, salazarista e franquista. As produções cinematográficas desse período são significativas para a compreensão das ideologias que orientaram esses regimes e para a discussão da relação entre cinema e política. Em termos gerais, analisaremos a política governamental e os principais temas apresentados nos filmes. Cinema and political propaganda in Fascism, nazism, Salazar, and Franco regimes Abstract The main purpose of this article is to accomplissh a study of the cinema produced during the fasci, nazis, salazar and franco regimes. These cinematographics productions are significatives for the comprehension of the ideologies that oriented these regimes and for the discussion of the relationship between cinema and politics. In general terms we will analyze the governmental policy and the main themes presented on the films.

Fragmentation of a Filamentary Cloud Threaded by Perpendicular Magnetic Field

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (A30) ◽  
pp. 105-105
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Hanawa ◽  
Takahiro Kudoh ◽  
Kohji Tomisaka
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Outer Boundary ◽  
Radial Distance ◽  
Radial Density ◽  
Radial Density Distribution ◽  
Model Cloud ◽  
Moderate Magnetic Field ◽  
Self Gravity ◽  
The Magnetic Field

AbstractFilamentary molecular clouds are thought to fragment to form clumps and cores. However, the fragmentation may be suppressed by magnetic force if the magnetic fields run perpendicularly to the cloud axis. We evaluate the effect using a simple model. Our model cloud is assumed to have a Plummer like radial density distribution, $\rho = {\rho _{\rm{c}}}{\left[ {1 + {r^2}/(2p{H^2})} \right]^{2p}}$ , where r and H denote the radial distance from the cloud axis and the scale length, respectively. The symbols, ρc and p denote the density on the axis and radial density index, respectively. The initial magnetic field is assumed to be uniform and perpendicular to the cloud axis. The model cloud is assumed to be supported against the self gravity by gas pressure and turbulence. We have obtained the growth rate of the fragmentation instability as a function of the wavelength, according to the method of Hanawa, Kudoh & Tomisaka (2017). The instability depends crucially on the outer boundary. If the displacement vanishes in regions very far from the cloud axis, cloud fragmentation is suppressed by a moderate magnetic field. If the displacement is constant along the magnetic field in regions very far from the cloud, the cloud is unstable even when the magnetic field is infinitely strong. The wavelength of the most unstable mode is longer for smaller index, p.

scholarly journals Field Strength Vs. Temperature Relation and the Structure of Sunspots

1993 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
S.K. Solanki ◽  
U. Walther ◽  
W. Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Radial Distance ◽  
Magnetic Vector ◽  
Temperature Relation ◽  
Magnetic Gradients ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship between the magnetic vector and the temperature of a large symmetric sunspot is studied on the basis of 1.56 µm spectra. From this relation we estimate the shape of the τ = 1 surface. i.e. the Wilson depression, as a function of radial distance in the sunspot. We find that the Wilson depression is relatively small throughout the penumbra and changes by 200–500 km at the umbral boundary. We also estimate the magnitude of magnetic gradients and curvature forces.

scholarly journals Environmental Education in Pre-Service Teacher Training: A Literature Review of Existing Evidence

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaya Álvarez-García ◽  
Jaume Sureda-Negre ◽  
Rubén Comas-Forgas
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Primary School Teacher ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Teacher Students ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pre Service Teacher

Abstract The importance of pre-service teacher training regarding environmental education (EE) has been vastly demonstrated. This systematic review examined the existing evidence from studies evaluating and analysing the relationship between EE, including environmental competences and pre-service primary school teacher training. The literature review performed included 24 documents (22 peer reviewed journal articles and two doctoral theses). The strategy followed consisted in locating documents by a reliable search strategy; establishing the criteria for the selection of documents to analyse from the documents located and rigorously analysing the documents selected based on clear and precise criteria and dimensions. In general terms, the literature review analysis has emphasised the lack of environmental competences amongst pre-service teacher students and the gaps in the teacher training curriculums regarding EE. The overall scarcity of research in this area, jointly with certain gaps and methodological limitations, affirms the need for strengthening the evidence base.

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