An Action-at-a-Distance Theory of Gravitation. II. Tensor Interactions

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (13) ◽  
pp. 1697-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Interaction Strength ◽  
Scalar Interaction ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Vector Interaction ◽  
Perihelion Advance ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation ◽  
Action At A Distance ◽  
Physical Consequences

A previous paper showed that the classic tests of the general theory of relativity can all be explained in terms of a special relativistic action-at-a-distance theory involving an appropriate mixture of a scalar and vector interaction. The theory has been generalized to tensor interactions of all orders. The demands of special relativity and the perihelion advance of Mercury lead to a unique specification of the scalar interaction strength, but since the limit for all other tensors is the same for the perihelion advance (one sixth the general relativity result) only the sum of the interaction strengths can be determined for these tensors. Some possible physical consequences are discussed.

An Action-at-a-Distance Theory of Gravitation

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Momentum Conservation ◽  
Dielectric Dispersion ◽  
Interaction Theory ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Vector Interaction ◽  
Perihelion Advance ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation ◽  
Action At A Distance ◽  
Energy And Momentum

An action-at-a-distance theory is formulated as a possible alternative to the general theory of relativity. The observed gravitational frequency shift and light bending are obtained by photon energy and momentum conservation effects and gravitational–electromagnetic phenomena are interpreted in analogy with the quantum theory of dielectric dispersion. The observed perihelion advance of Mercury is obtained by a combined scalar and vector interaction theory of the Wheeler–Feynman type. The vector interaction is no longer excluded by conventional field theoretic arguments.

Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity and the Development of Modified Theories of Gravitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 2-9
Author(s):  
Bogeun GWAK, ◽  
Bum-Hoon LEE ◽  
Wonwoo LEE
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation ◽  
Wave Dark Matter ◽  
Theories Of Gravitation

We briefly review both Einstein’s general theory of relativity and the development of modified theories of gravitation with theoretical and observational motivations. For this, we discuss the theoretical properties and weaknesses of general relativity. We also mention attempts that have been made to develop the theory of quantum gravity. The recent detections of a gravitational wave, dark matter, and dark energy have opened new windows into astrophysics, as well as cosmology, through which tests to determine the theory of gravitation that best describes our Universe would be interesting. Most of all, note that we cannot clearly describe our Universe, including dark matter and dark energy, with standard particle models and the general theory of relativity. In these respects, we must be open-minded and study all possible aspects.

Einstein’s Intellectual Odyssey to General Relativity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanoch Gutfreund ◽  
Jürgen Renn
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Equivalence Principle ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Special Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation ◽  
To Come

This section discusses the development of Albert Einstein's ideas and attitudes as he struggled for eight years to come up with a general theory of relativity that would meet the physical and mathematical requirements laid down at the outset. It first considers Einstein's work on gravitation in Prague before analyzing three documents that played a significant role in his search for a theory of general relativity: the Zurich Notebook, the Einstein–Grossmann Entwurf paper, and the Einstein–Besso manuscript. It then looks at Einstein's completion of his general theory of relativity in Berlin in November 1915, along with his development of a new theory of gravitation within the framework of the special theory of relativity. It also examines the formulation of the basic idea that Einstein termed the “equivalence principle,” his Entwurf theory vs. David Hilbert's theory, and the 1916 manuscript of Einstein's work on the general theory of relativity.

The Road to Relativity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanoch Gutfreund ◽  
Jürgen Renn ◽  
John Stachel
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
History Of Physics ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
The Road ◽  
Facsimile Edition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Context ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation ◽  
New Generation

This richly annotated facsimile edition of “The Foundation of General Relativity” introduces a new generation of readers to Albert Einstein's theory of gravitation. Written in 1915, this remarkable document is a watershed in the history of physics and an enduring testament to the elegance and precision of Einstein's thought. Presented here is a beautiful facsimile of Einstein's original handwritten manuscript, along with its English translation and an insightful page-by-page commentary that places the work in historical and scientific context. The concise introduction traces Einstein's intellectual odyssey from the special to the general theory of relativity, and the chapter “The Charm of a Manuscript” provides a delightful meditation on the varied afterlife of Einstein's text. The book also includes a biographical glossary of the figures discussed in the book, a comprehensive bibliography, suggestions for further reading, and numerous photos and illustrations throughout.

Albert Einstein’s Epistemic Virtues and Vices

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-195
Author(s):  
Vladimir P. Vizgin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Mathematical Aspect ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Special Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Epistemic Virtues ◽  
The Universe

The article is based on the concepts of epistemic virtues and epistemic vices and explores A. Einstein’s contribution to the creation of fundamental physical theories, namely the special theory of relativity and general theory of relativity, as well as to the development of a unified field theory on the basis of the geometric field program, which never led to success. Among the main epistemic virtues that led Einstein to success in the construction of the special theory of relativity are the following: a unique physical intuition based on the method of thought experiment and the need for an experimental justification of space-time concepts; striving for simplicity and elegance of theory; scientific courage, rebelliousness, signifying the readiness to engage in confrontation with scientific conventional dogmas and authorities. In the creation of general theory of relativity, another intellectual virtue was added to these virtues: the belief in the heuristic power of the mathematical aspect of physics. At the same time, he had to overcome his initial underestimation of the H. Minkowski’s four-dimensional concept of space and time, which has manifested in a distinctive flexibility of thinking typical for Einstein in his early years. The creative role of Einstein’s mistakes on the way to general relativity was emphasized. These mistakes were mostly related to the difficulties of harmonizing the mathematical and physical aspects of theory, less so to epistemic vices. The ambivalence of the concept of epistemic virtues, which can be transformed into epistemic vices, is noted. This transformation happened in the second half of Einstein’s life, when he for more than thirty years unsuccessfully tried to build a unified geometric field theory and to find an alternative to quantum mechanics with their probabilistic and Copenhagen interpretation In this case, we can talk about the following epistemic vices: the revaluation of mathematical aspect and underestimation of experimentally – empirical aspect of the theory; adopting the concepts general relativity is based on (continualism, classical causality, geometric nature of fundamental interactions) as fundamental; unprecedented persistence in defending the GFP (geometrical field program), despite its failures, and a certain loss of the flexibility of thinking. A cosmological history that is associated both with the application of GTR (general theory of relativity) to the structure of the Universe, and with the missed possibility of discovering the theory of the expanding Universe is intermediate in relation to Einstein’s epistemic virtues and vices. This opportunity was realized by A.A. Friedmann, who defeated Einstein in the dispute about if the Universe was stationary or nonstationary. In this dispute some of Einstein’s vices were revealed, which Friedman did not have. The connection between epistemic virtues and the methodological principles of physics and also with the “fallibilist” concept of scientific knowledge development has been noted.

The mechanics of general relativity

1959 ◽  
Vol 251 (1264) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Stress Singularity ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity

It is shown how to obtain, within the general theory of relativity, equations of motion for two oscillating masses at the ends of a spring of given law of force. The method of Einstein, Infeld & Hoffmann is used, and the force in the spring is represented by a stress singularity. The detailed calculations are taken to the Newtonian order.

scholarly journals Fine Structure Constant derived from Principle Theory.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Geilhaupt
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Rest Mass ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Principle Theory

Abstract Derivation of mass (m), charge (e) and fine structure constant (FSC) from theory are unsolved problems in physics up to now. Neither the Standard Model (SM) nor the General theory of Relativity (GR) has provided a complete explanation for mass, charge and FSC. The question “of what is rest mass” is therefore still essentially unanswered. We will show that the combination of two Principle Theories, General Relativity and Thermodynamics (TD), is able to derive the restmass of an electron (m) which surprisingly depends on the (Sommerfeld) FSC (same for the charge (e)).

Frontiers of Quantum Black Holes

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Wontae KIM ◽  
Mu-In PARK
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Occupation Number ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Quantum Radiation ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Massless Quantum

A black hole is a theoretical prediction of Einstein’s general theory of relativity, differently from Newtonian gravity, which is a non-relativistic gravity. In recent few years, its direct detection via gravitational waves and other multi-messenger observations have made it possible to test the prediction and hence its associated general relativity. From purely theoretical points of view, general relativity cannot be a complete description due to its not being compatible with quantum mechanics, which is a successful description of microscopic objects. In this article, we introduce the conceptional development of quantum-gravity theories and give brief sketches of fundamental problems in quantum black holes. As an interesting model of quantum black holes, we consider a collapsing shell of matter to form a Hayward black hole and investigate semiclassically quantum radiation from the shell. By using the Israel’s formulation and the functional Schrödinger formulation for massless quantum radiation, we find that the Hawking temperature can be deduced from the occupation number of excited states when the shell approaches its own horizon.

scholarly journals Wormhole modeling in R2 gravity with linear trace term

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (08) ◽  
pp. 2050045
Author(s):  
Nisha Godani ◽  
Gauranga C. Samanta
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Shape Function ◽  
Exotic Matter ◽  
Geometric Configuration ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Traversable Wormholes

Morris and Thorne1 proposed traversable wormholes, hypothetical connecting tools, using the concept of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. In this paper, the modification of general relativity (in particular [Formula: see text] theory of gravity defined by Harko et al.2) is considered, to study the traversable wormhole solutions. The function [Formula: see text] is considered as [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are controlling parameters. The shape and redshift functions appearing in the metric of wormhole structure have significant contribution in the development of wormhole solutions. We have considered both variable and constant redshift functions with a logarithmic shape function. The energy conditions are examined, geometric configuration is analyzed and the radius of the throat is determined in order to have wormhole solutions in absence of exotic matter.

scholarly journals Relativistic redshift of the star S0-2 orbiting the Galactic Center supermassive black hole

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 365 (6454) ◽  
pp. 664-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan Do ◽  
Aurelien Hees ◽  
Andrea Ghez ◽  
Gregory D. Martinez ◽  
Devin S. Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Galactic Center ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Gravitational Redshift ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Supermassive Black Hole ◽  
Newtonian Model

The general theory of relativity predicts that a star passing close to a supermassive black hole should exhibit a relativistic redshift. In this study, we used observations of the Galactic Center star S0-2 to test this prediction. We combined existing spectroscopic and astrometric measurements from 1995–2017, which cover S0-2’s 16-year orbit, with measurements from March to September 2018, which cover three events during S0-2’s closest approach to the black hole. We detected a combination of special relativistic and gravitational redshift, quantified using the redshift parameter ϒ. Our result, ϒ = 0.88 ± 0.17, is consistent with general relativity (ϒ = 1) and excludes a Newtonian model (ϒ = 0) with a statistical significance of 5σ.

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