An Action-at-a-Distance Theory of Gravitation

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Momentum Conservation ◽  
Dielectric Dispersion ◽  
Interaction Theory ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Vector Interaction ◽  
Perihelion Advance ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation ◽  
Action At A Distance ◽  
Energy And Momentum

An action-at-a-distance theory is formulated as a possible alternative to the general theory of relativity. The observed gravitational frequency shift and light bending are obtained by photon energy and momentum conservation effects and gravitational–electromagnetic phenomena are interpreted in analogy with the quantum theory of dielectric dispersion. The observed perihelion advance of Mercury is obtained by a combined scalar and vector interaction theory of the Wheeler–Feynman type. The vector interaction is no longer excluded by conventional field theoretic arguments.

An Action-at-a-Distance Theory of Gravitation. II. Tensor Interactions

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (13) ◽  
pp. 1697-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Interaction Strength ◽  
Scalar Interaction ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Vector Interaction ◽  
Perihelion Advance ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation ◽  
Action At A Distance ◽  
Physical Consequences

A previous paper showed that the classic tests of the general theory of relativity can all be explained in terms of a special relativistic action-at-a-distance theory involving an appropriate mixture of a scalar and vector interaction. The theory has been generalized to tensor interactions of all orders. The demands of special relativity and the perihelion advance of Mercury lead to a unique specification of the scalar interaction strength, but since the limit for all other tensors is the same for the perihelion advance (one sixth the general relativity result) only the sum of the interaction strengths can be determined for these tensors. Some possible physical consequences are discussed.

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL EXPANSION OF SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY ONTO ACCELERATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-89
Author(s):  
Jakub Czajko
Keyword(s):  
Proper Time ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
Lorentz Factor ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Special Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Accelerator Pedal ◽  
Earth Gravity ◽  
Time Differential ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation

The special theory of relativity (STR) is operationally expanded onto orthogonal accelerations: normal  and binormal  that complement the instantaneous tangential speed  and thus can be structurally extended into operationally complete 4D spacetime without defying the STR. Thus the former classic Lorentz factor, which defines proper time differential  can be expanded onto  within a trihedron moving in the Frenet frame (T,N,B). Since the tangential speed  which was formerly assumed as being always constant, expands onto effective normal and binormal speeds ensuing from the normal and binormal accelerations, the expanded formula conforms to the former Lorentz factor. The obvious though previously overlooked fact that in order to change an initial speed one must apply accelerations (or decelerations, which are reverse accelerations), made the Einstein’s STR incomplete for it did not apply to nongravitational selfpropelled motion. Like a toy car lacking accelerator pedal, the STR could drive nowhere. Yet some scientists were teaching for over 115 years that the incomplete STR is just fine by pretending that gravity should take care of the absent accelerator. But gravity could not drive cars along even surface of earth. Gravity could only pull the car down along with the physics that peddled the nonsense while suppressing attempts at its rectification. The expanded formula neither defies the STR nor the general theory of relativity (GTR) which is just radial theory of gravitation. In fact, the expanded formula complements the STR and thus it supplements the GTR too. The famous Hafele-Keating experiments virtually confirmed the validity of the expanded formula proposed here.

The Einstein and Landau‐Lifshitz pseudotensors—A mathematical note on existence

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Crothers
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mathematical Structure ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Mathematical Note ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Pure Mathematics ◽  
Energy And Momentum ◽  
Theory Of Fields ◽  
Mathematical Construct

For a closed system, the conservation of energy and momentum has been affirmed through a vast array of experiments. In an attempt to reconcile the General Theory of Relativity with these findings, Einstein constructed, ad hoc, his so-called pseudotensor [A. Einstein, Ann. Phys. 49, 769 (1916)]. Yet this solution fell outside the tensorial mathematical structure of his theory. Landau and Lifshitz also constructed, ad hoc, an even more complex pseudotensor, as a proposed improvement upon the work of Einstein [The Classical Theory of Fields (Addison-Wesley Press, Inc., Cambridge, MA, 1951)]. Their pseudotensor is symmetric, unlike that proposed by Einstein. They advance that their pseudotensor yields a conservation law which also included angular momentum. However, once again, this approach leads to a mathematical construct which is not a tensor and thereby falls outside the very mathematical structure of Einstein’s theory. Both pseudotensors, whether that advanced by Einstein or by Landau and Lifshitz, violate the rules of pure mathematics and therefore can hold no place in physics.

The Annotated Manuscript

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanoch Gutfreund ◽  
Jürgen Renn
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
Material Point ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation

This section presents annotations of the manuscript of Albert Einstein's canonical 1916 paper on the general theory of relativity. It begins with a discussion of the foundation of the general theory of relativity, taking into account Einstein's fundamental considerations on the postulate of relativity, and more specifically why he went beyond the special theory of relativity. It then considers the spacetime continuum, explaining the role of coordinates in the new theory of gravitation. It also describes tensors of the second and higher ranks, multiplication of tensors, the equation of the geodetic line, the formation of tensors by differentiation, equations of motion of a material point in the gravitational field, the general form of the field equations of gravitation, and the laws of conservation in the general case. Finally, the behavior of rods and clocks in the static gravitational field is examined.

scholarly journals Traversable wormholes in the traceless f(R,T) gravity

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150100
Author(s):  
Parbati Sahoo ◽  
P. H. R. S. Moraes ◽  
Marcelo M. Lapola ◽  
P. K. Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Momentum Tensor ◽  
Momentum Tensor ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Shape Functions ◽  
Anisotropic Matter ◽  
Traversable Wormholes ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation ◽  
Geometrical Term

Wormholes are tunnels connecting different regions in spacetime. They were obtained originally as a solution for Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity and according to this theory they need to be filled by an exotic kind of anisotropic matter. In the present sense, by “exotic matter” we mean matter that does not satisfy the energy conditions. In this paper, we propose the modeling of traversable wormholes (i.e. wormholes that can be safely crossed) within an alternative gravity theory that proposes an extra material (rather than geometrical) term in its gravitational action, namely the traceless [Formula: see text] theory of gravitation, with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] being, respectively, the Ricci scalar and trace of the energy–momentum tensor. Our solutions are obtained from well-known particular cases of the wormhole metric potentials, namely redshift and shape functions. In possession of the solutions for the wormhole material content, we also apply the energy conditions to them. The features of those are carefully discussed.

scholarly journals EXACT SOLUTION FOR THE INTERIOR OF A BLACK HOLE

2008 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. L141-L153
Author(s):  
THEO M. NIEUWENHUIZEN
Keyword(s):  
Exact Solution ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Schwarzschild Metric ◽  
Specific Shape ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation

Within the Relativistic Theory of Gravitation it is shown that the equation of state p = ρ holds near the center of a black hole. For the stiff equation of state p = ρ − ρc the interior metric is solved exactly. It is matched with the Schwarzschild metric, which is deformed in a narrow range beyond the horizon. The solution is regular everywhere, with a specific shape at the origin. The gravitational redshift at the horizon remains finite but is large, z ~ 1023 M⊙/M. Time keeps its standard role also in the interior. The energy of the Schwarzschild metric, shown to be minus infinity in the General Theory of Relativity, is regularized in this setup, resulting in E = Mc2.

Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity and the Development of Modified Theories of Gravitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 2-9
Author(s):  
Bogeun GWAK, ◽  
Bum-Hoon LEE ◽  
Wonwoo LEE
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation ◽  
Wave Dark Matter ◽  
Theories Of Gravitation

We briefly review both Einstein’s general theory of relativity and the development of modified theories of gravitation with theoretical and observational motivations. For this, we discuss the theoretical properties and weaknesses of general relativity. We also mention attempts that have been made to develop the theory of quantum gravity. The recent detections of a gravitational wave, dark matter, and dark energy have opened new windows into astrophysics, as well as cosmology, through which tests to determine the theory of gravitation that best describes our Universe would be interesting. Most of all, note that we cannot clearly describe our Universe, including dark matter and dark energy, with standard particle models and the general theory of relativity. In these respects, we must be open-minded and study all possible aspects.

Einstein’s Intellectual Odyssey to General Relativity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanoch Gutfreund ◽  
Jürgen Renn
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Equivalence Principle ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Special Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation ◽  
To Come

This section discusses the development of Albert Einstein's ideas and attitudes as he struggled for eight years to come up with a general theory of relativity that would meet the physical and mathematical requirements laid down at the outset. It first considers Einstein's work on gravitation in Prague before analyzing three documents that played a significant role in his search for a theory of general relativity: the Zurich Notebook, the Einstein–Grossmann Entwurf paper, and the Einstein–Besso manuscript. It then looks at Einstein's completion of his general theory of relativity in Berlin in November 1915, along with his development of a new theory of gravitation within the framework of the special theory of relativity. It also examines the formulation of the basic idea that Einstein termed the “equivalence principle,” his Entwurf theory vs. David Hilbert's theory, and the 1916 manuscript of Einstein's work on the general theory of relativity.

The Road to Relativity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanoch Gutfreund ◽  
Jürgen Renn ◽  
John Stachel
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
History Of Physics ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
The Road ◽  
Facsimile Edition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Context ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation ◽  
New Generation

This richly annotated facsimile edition of “The Foundation of General Relativity” introduces a new generation of readers to Albert Einstein's theory of gravitation. Written in 1915, this remarkable document is a watershed in the history of physics and an enduring testament to the elegance and precision of Einstein's thought. Presented here is a beautiful facsimile of Einstein's original handwritten manuscript, along with its English translation and an insightful page-by-page commentary that places the work in historical and scientific context. The concise introduction traces Einstein's intellectual odyssey from the special to the general theory of relativity, and the chapter “The Charm of a Manuscript” provides a delightful meditation on the varied afterlife of Einstein's text. The book also includes a biographical glossary of the figures discussed in the book, a comprehensive bibliography, suggestions for further reading, and numerous photos and illustrations throughout.

scholarly journals The Pioneer anomaly in covariant theory of gravitation

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 1335-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey G. Fedosin
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Covariant Theory ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Pioneer Anomaly ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation ◽  
The Difference

The difference of equations of motion in the covariant theory of gravitation and in the general theory of relativity is used to explain the Pioneer anomaly. Calculation shows that the velocities of a spacecraft in both theories at equal distances can differ by several centimetres per second. This leads also to a possible explanation of the flyby anomaly and comet disturbances, which are not taken into account by the general theory of relativity.

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