On cosmic-ray interactions with photons

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S617-S619 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Kuzmin ◽  
G. T. Zatsepin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Blackbody Radiation ◽  
Considerable Difficulty ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray Interactions ◽  
Cosmic Ray Flux ◽  
Photo Production ◽  
Α Particles

Various effects of high-energy cosmic-ray interactions with cosmic blackbody radiation are considered, particularly the cutoff of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum at [Formula: see text] for protons, and at [Formula: see text] for α particles and other nuclei, as a consequence of photo-production of pions and photodisintegration of nuclei.If quasars and similar objects are indeed the source of high-energy cosmic rays, the protons and nuclei of energy E > (3–10) × 1015 eV would encounter considerable difficulty in being injected from these sources because of interactions with photons, with the result that: (1) the cosmic-ray flux with energy above [Formula: see text] to 3 × 1016 eV may have predominantly proton composition, (2) the cosmic-ray flux may have steeply decreasing intensity in the energy ranpe E = (3–30) × 1015 eV.

scholarly journals High energy cosmic ray interactions and UHECR composition problem

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Sergey Ostapchenko
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Hadronic Interactions ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray Interactions ◽  
Composition Problem

The differences between contemporary Monte Carlo generators of high energy hadronic interactions are discussed and their impact on the interpretation of experimental data on ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) is studied. Key directions for further model improvements are outlined. The prospect for a coherent interpretation of the data in terms of the UHECR composition is investigated.

scholarly journals Auger-TA energy spectrum working group report

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 01002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tareq AbuZayyad ◽  
Olivier Deligny ◽  
Daisuke Ikeda ◽  
Dmitri Ivanov ◽  
Isabelle Lhenry-Yvon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Attenuation Correction ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Energy Calibration ◽  
Constant Intensity ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Surface Detector

The energy spectrum of ultra-high energy cosmic rays is the most emblematic observable for describing these particles. Beyond a few tens of EeV, the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array, currently being exploited, provide the largest exposures ever accumulated in the Southern and Northern hemispheres to measure independently a suppression of the intensity, in a complementary way in terms of the coverage of the sky. However, the comparison of the spectra shows differences that are not reducible to an overall uncertainty on the calibration of the energy scale used to reconstruct the extensive air showers. In line with the previous editions of the UHECR workshops, a working group common to both experiments examined these differences by focusing this time on quantification of these differences in the region of the sky commonly observed, where the spectra should be in agreement within uncertainties when directional-exposure effects are taken into account. These differences are compared with the systematic uncertainties of each experiment. We have also revisited the methods of determining cosmic-ray energies and deriving the energy spectrum. We describe the surface detector (SD) spectrum obtained adopting an energy calibration based on the constant intensity cut method (CIC), a Monte Carlo-based attenuation correction, and an energy-dependent CIC attenuation correction.

scholarly journals HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS, GAMMA RAYS AND NEUTRINOS FROM AGN

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (24) ◽  
pp. 1991-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUKIO TOMOZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Active Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Heavy Particle ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Neutrino Detectors ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays

The author reviews a model for the emission of high energy cosmic rays, gamma-rays and neutrinos from AGN (Active Galactic Nuclei) that he has proposed since 1985. Further discussion of the knee energy phenomenon of the cosmic ray energy spectrum requires the existence of a heavy particle with mass in the knee energy range. A possible method of detecting such a particle in the Pierre Auger Project is suggested. Also presented is a relation between the spectra of neutrinos and gamma-rays emitted from AGN. This relation can be tested by high energy neutrino detectors such as ICECUBE, the Mediterranean Sea Detector and possibly by the Pierre Auger Project.

scholarly journals Opening Remarks ~ Prospects of very high energy cosmic ray interactions for astroparticle physics

2019 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Itow
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Particle Production ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Hadronic Interactions ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray Interactions ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Very High

Hadronic interactions of very high energy cosmic rays have been studied in various aspects of motivation. In recent decades, mainly motivated by air shower experiments, modelling of very high energy cosmic ray interactions have been greatly improved together with new data obtained from high energy colliders such as the LHC. Regarding recent rapid progress of multi-messenger astronomy, a precise knowledge on secondary particle production by cosmic rays at very high energy is largely indispensable. This would give us a new insight and new motivation to study minimum bias hadronic interactions of very high energy cosmic rays.

scholarly journals Sir Arnold Whittaker Wolfendale. 25 June 1927—21 December 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Ellis ◽  
Alan A. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Intermediate Energy ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Interstellar Gas ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray Interactions

For over 50 years Arnold Wolfendale was an international leader in the fields of cosmic ray and gamma ray astronomy, making many seminal contributions. His extensive studies of the muon particle culminated in 1965 when, using an installation in the Kolar Gold Mine in India, he played a major role in the first detection of the neutrinos associated with muons produced in the atmosphere. His interests in the origin of high-energy cosmic rays were extensive and required the development of a better understanding of particle physics at energies beyond those accessible at accelerators. Recognizing that high-energy gamma rays can arise from cosmic ray interactions with the interstellar gas, he used early satellite data to argue for the galactic origin of intermediate-energy cosmic rays and for studies of the distribution of molecular hydrogen. His interests in astronomy, which he firmly held to be a branch of physics, drove him to develop a world-class activity in this area at Durham University. This achievement, in part, led to him being appointed Astronomer Royal in 1991. He used this position, and his roles as president of the Royal Astronomical Society, the Institute of Physics and the European Physical Society, to lobby tirelessly for more governmental support for science. He was an early advocate for improvements in the public understanding of science, leading by example. In his later years Arnold's interests extended to cosmology and horology, and he argued against a possible connection between cosmic rays and global warming. A brilliant communicator, Arnold gave a huge number of lectures each year to general audiences, almost to the end of his life.

Energy spectrum of cosmic ray primaries at super high energies estimated from the recent balloon-borne calorimeter measurements

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
Primary Spectrum ◽  
Atmospheric Diffusion ◽  
Neutron Spectra ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
High Energies ◽  
Scaling Hypothesis

The energy spectrum of primary cosmic ray particles has been estimated from the analysis of the chemical composition data of high energy cosmic rays, data obtained by the Japanese American cooperative emulsion experiments for proton and helium intensities and the Goddard Space Flight Centre measurements for cosmic ray nuclei. The results indicate no drastic change in abundance ratios at high energies. The elemental fluxes have been calculated by assuming that the primary cosmic ray nuclei break up into their constituent nucleons near the top of the atmosphere. The calculated total primary spectrum in the range 2–300 TeV follows the form N(E) dE = 2.24 × 104 E−2.7 dE where E is the energy expressed in GeV/nucleon and N(E) is the intensity expressed in (m2∙s∙sr∙GeV/nucleon) −1.Using this primary spectrum as the source of nucleons near the top of the atmosphere, the sea level proton and neutron spectra have been estimated by using the Feynman scaling hypothesis and the conventional nucleon-atmospheric diffusion equation. The derived spectra are in accord with the measured proton and neutron spectra of Brooke and Wolfendale, Ashton and Coates, and Ashton et al.

scholarly journals ULTRA–HIGH-ENERGY COSMIC RAYS

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (08n09) ◽  
pp. 1950-1961 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEFAN WESTERHOFF
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
New Era ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Many

One of the most striking astrophysical phenomena today is the existence of cosmic ray particles with energies in excess of 1020 eV. While their presence has been confirmed by a number of experiments, it is not clear where and how these particles are accelerated to these energies and how they travel astronomical distances without substantial energy loss. We are entering an exciting new era in cosmic ray physics, with instruments now producing data of unprecedented quality and quantity to tackle the many open questions. This paper reviews the current experimental status of cosmic ray physics and summarizes recent results on the energy spectrum and arrival directions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays.

Energy spectrum and mass composition of high-energy cosmic rays

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1145-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Haungs ◽  
Heinigerd Rebel ◽  
Markus Roth
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays

scholarly journals Cosmic ray transport and anisotropies to high energies

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Biermann ◽  
L. I. Caramete ◽  
A. Meli ◽  
B. N. Nath ◽  
E.-S. Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Galactic Magnetic Field ◽  
Chemical Abundances ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
High Energies ◽  
Isotropic Approximation ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray

Abstract. A model is introduced, in which the irregularity spectrum of the Galactic magnetic field beyond the dissipation length scale is first a Kolmogorov spectrum k-5/3 at small scales λ = 2 π/k with k the wave-number, then a saturation spectrum k-1, and finally a shock-dominated spectrum k-2 mostly in the halo/wind outside the Cosmic Ray disk. In an isotropic approximation such a model is consistent with the Interstellar Medium (ISM) data. With this model we discuss the Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) spectrum, as well as the extragalactic Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs), their chemical abundances and anisotropies. UHECRs may include a proton component from many radio galaxies integrated over vast distances, visible already below 3 EeV.

ULTRA HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS WITH THE PIERRE AUGER OBSERVATORY

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 221-229
Author(s):  
◽  
J. R. T. DE MELLO NETO
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
The Status ◽  
Shower Maximum

We present the status and the recent measurements from the Pierre Auger Observatory. The energy spectrum is described and its features discussed. We report searches for anisotropy of cosmic rays arrival directions in large scales and through correlation with catalogues of celestial objects. The measurement of the cross section proton-air is discussed. Finally, the mass composition is addressed with the measurements of the variation of the depth of shower maximum with energy and with the muon density at ground.

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