The charge distribution of the energetic very heavy nuclei in the primary cosmic radiation

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S583-S587 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Mathiesen ◽  
C. E. Long ◽  
P. S. Freier ◽  
C. J. Waddington
Keyword(s):  
Charge Distribution ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Charge Composition ◽  
Heavy Nuclei ◽  
Elemental Abundances ◽  
Residual Atmosphere ◽  
Primary Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Initial Acceleration ◽  
The Individual

A fully digitized, semiautomated photodensitometer has been employed to study the detailed charge composition of primary cosmic-ray nuclei having [Formula: see text] detected in a stack of nuclear emulsions flown from Hyderabad, India under approximately 4 g/cm2 of residual atmosphere. One hundred and twenty nuclei heavier than phosphorus have been analyzed. These nuclei all had energies exceeding 7.1 GeV per nucleon and have had their charges measured with an accuracy estimated to be ± 0.4 of a unit charge. It has consequently been possible to resolve the individual charges and to determine the elemental abundances. The observed charge distribution has been corrected to the top of the atmosphere and compared with various cosmological abundance compilations. After deriving values for the fragmentation parameters in hydrogen, it is concluded that the data are consistent with the charge distribution predicted if an initially pure sample of iron nuclei had traversed some 4 g/cm2 of matter since the initial acceleration. The cosmologically abundant elements sulphur, argon, and calcium appear to be relatively absent from the source, while nickel is only present with the predicted abundance.

The Heavy Nuclei of the Primary Cosmic Radiation

1950 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Bradt ◽  
B. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Heavy Nuclei ◽  
Primary Cosmic Radiation

Evidence for Heavy Nuclei as a Component of Primary Cosmic Radiation

1949 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Bradt ◽  
Phyllis Freier ◽  
E. J. Lofgren ◽  
E. P. Ney ◽  
F. Oppenheimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Heavy Nuclei ◽  
Primary Cosmic Radiation

A critical examination of the gravitational theory of the origin of cosmic rays

1950 ◽  
Vol 204 (1077) ◽  
pp. 278-294 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Present Theory ◽  
Gravitational Theory ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Gravitational Acceleration ◽  
Primary Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Intergalactic Space

The observational data which any theory of the origin of primary cosmic radiation should explain and the comparative merits of the various theories so far propounded are examined. In particular, Milne’s suggestion concerning a possible gravitational acceleration in intergalactic space is considered in detail, and his somewhat involved analysis is replaced by a simpler method of derivation by means of an alternative time-scale. The energy spectrum and possible total intensity of gravitationally accelerated material are examined; it is shown that an expression can be obtained for the former which is consistent with cosmic-ray data, but because the world-model considered is not sufficiently sharply defined, no order of magnitude can be obtained for the latter. It thus appears that a gravitational theory of cosmic radiation can account for most of the main features of the observational data, and as regards the remaining features, although the present theory is incomplete, it presents no actual inconsistencies with observation.

The energy spectrum of heavy nuclei above 10 GeV/nucleon

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S651-S652
Author(s):  
M. Koshiba ◽  
E. Suda ◽  
F. Takasaki
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Experimental Observation ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Heavy Nuclei ◽  
Nucleon Spectrum ◽  
Primary Cosmic Radiation

An experimental observation is made of the energy spectrum of heavy nuclei in the primary cosmic radiation using a large emulsion stack. The preliminary data so far accumulated indicate an exponent of 1.60 to 1.65 for the integral total-energy-per-nucleon spectrum.

scholarly journals 39. The anisotropy of primary cosmic radiation and the electromagnetic state in interplanetary space

1958 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 377-385
Author(s):  
V. Sarabhai ◽  
N. W. Nerurkar ◽  
S. P. Duggal ◽  
T. S. G. Sastry
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Daily Variation ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Cosmic Ray Intensity ◽  
Daily Variations ◽  
Primary Cosmic Radiation

Study of the anisotropy of cosmic rays from the measurement of the daily variation of meson intensity has demonstrated that there are significant day-today changes in the anisotropy of the radiation. New experimental data pertaining to these changes and their solar and terrestrial relationships are discussed.An interpretation of these changes of anisotropy in terms of the modulation of cosmic rays by streams of matter emitted by the sun is given. In particular, an explanation for the existence of the recently discovered types of daily variations exhibiting day and night maxima respectively, can be found by an extension of some ideas of Alfvén, Nagashima, and Davies. An integrated attempt is made to interpret the known features of the variation of cosmic ray intensity in conformity with ideas developed above.

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