The muon spectra near the geomagnetic equator

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S301-S305 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. C. Allkofer ◽  
R. D. Andresen ◽  
W. D. Dau
Keyword(s):  
Integral Intensity ◽  
Geomagnetic Latitude ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Momentum Spectrum ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Charge Ratio ◽  
Theoretical Spectrum ◽  
Measured Spectrum ◽  
Geomagnetic Equator ◽  
Chamber Technique

The vertical momentum spectrum and the charge ratio of cosmic-ray muons have been investigated in the range 0.3–25 GeV/c at a geomagnetic latitude of λ = 9 °N at sea level. The investigations have been performed by means of a magnetic spectrograph using the spark chamber technique for track location. The measured spectrum in the low-energy region is about 20% smaller than the spectra at high geomagnetic latitudes. The integral intensity for particles which penetrate more than 15 cm of lead is 7.25 × 10−3 cm−2 s−1 sr−1. The theoretical spectrum after Olbert is in agreement with our results.

A proposed apparatus for the measurement of the cosmic-ray muon momentum spectrum and charge ratio, and the investigation of muon interactions

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S1135-S1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Bull ◽  
W. F. Nash ◽  
Wendy J. Milne ◽  
R. E. Woodham ◽  
Y. Yeivin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Momentum Spectrum ◽  
Muon Flux ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Charge Ratio ◽  
Energy Component ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Muon Momentum

The construction of a cosmic-ray spark-chamber spectrometer for use in the study of the charge ratio and interactions of muons at energies up to 3 000 GeV is proposed. The apparatus will consist of a stack of interleaved spark chambers and magnetized iron plates, placed at a depth of 250 m.w.e. underground in order to remove the low-energy component of the cosmic-ray muon flux. This report gives an appraisal of the design of the apparatus and summarizes its expected performance.

The 1966–67 increase in solar cosmic-ray activity

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S766-S771 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Masley ◽  
A. D. Goedeke
Keyword(s):  
Geomagnetic Latitude ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Neutron Monitors ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Time Profiles ◽  
Delay Times ◽  
Measured Absorption ◽  
Particle Intensity

A significant increase in solar cosmic-ray activity began in early 1966. During the period from March 1966 to June 1967, 14 events were observed. This can be compared to one event in 1964 and one event in 1965. Events in 1966 occurred on 24 March, 7 July, 28 August, 2 September, and 14 September. Events in 1967 include those of 28 January, 2 February, 7 February, 13 February, 11 March, 23 March, 23 May, 28 May, and 6 June.The 2 September 1966 event, reaching a maximum of 13 dB (~105/cm2 s > 2 MeV), was the largest observed since July 1961. The 23 May 1967 event, with 11 dB, reached maximum absorption 35 hours after first observation. The 28 January 1967 event exhibits several interesting features. There is an apparent lack of a visible flare. Low-energy particles were observed for several hours before neutron monitors observed an event in excess of 15%, representing a low-energy precursor to the high-energy event. Details of these events are discussed. Parameters related to acceleration and propagation such as delay times and intensity–time profiles, effects related to other geophysical phenomena, and comparisons with satellite observations are also included. This paper is based on 30-MHz riometer observations at the Douglas Observatories located at McMurdo, Antarctica, and Shepherd Bay, N.W.T., Canada (80° geomagnetic latitude). The measured absorption is proportional to the square root of the particle intensity.

Das Impulsspektrum der Ultrastrahlungs-Muonen und das Ladungsverhältnis in 5200 m Höhe

1966 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1205-1210
Author(s):  
O. C. Allkofer ◽  
E. Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Momentum Spectrum ◽  
Charge Ratio ◽  
Lead Absorber ◽  
Muon Spectrum ◽  
Total Spectrum ◽  
Good Agreement

The momentum spectrum of cosmic ray muons and the charge ratio at 5200 m above sea level have been measured. To separate the spectrum of muons from the total spectrum a lead absorber was used. From theoretical models the spectrum of muons is calculated. Good agreement is found between the calculated and measured muon spectrum.

Two anisotropies of the cosmic-ray particles producing the cosmic-ray diurnal variation

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S828-S830
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Kitamura
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Geomagnetic Latitude ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
Cosmic Ray Intensity

The solar diurnal variations of both meson and nucleon components of cosmic rays at sea level at geomagnetic latitude 57.5° and geomagnetic longitude 0° are analyzed by the model in which two anisotropies of cosmic-ray particles (one of them, Δj1, from about 20 h L.T. and the other, Δj2, from about 8 h L.T. in interplanetary space) produce the solar diurnal variation of the cosmic-ray intensity on the earth.When the energy spectra of Δj1 and Δj2 are represented by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively, where j0(E) is the normal energy spectrum of the primary cosmic rays, it is shown that the evaluation for m1 = 1, 2, m2 = 0 and the cutoffs at 8 and 10 BeV on the low-energy side of spectra of both Δj1 and Δj2 agree well with the observational results at Deep River.

Arrangement for measuring the momentum spectrum and the charge ratio of the high-energy cosmic-ray muon horizontal flux

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S1169-S1171
Author(s):  
S. V. Alchudjian ◽  
T. L. Asatiani ◽  
H. V. Badalian ◽  
K. A. Gazarian ◽  
G. I. Mekilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particles ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Momentum Spectrum ◽  
Magnetic Spectrometer ◽  
Charge Ratio ◽  
Horizontal Flux ◽  
The Wire ◽  
With Memory

The magnetic spectrometer of the wire spark chambers with memory of ferrite cores designed for the measurement of the momentum spectrum of high-energy muons (p ~ 3 × 103 GeV/c) at large zenith angles is described. Some characteristics of the wire spark chambers of large dimensions (S ~ 1 m2) are given. The magnetic deflections of the charged particles are automatically calculated and printed by means of a special calculating device. The ferrite memories of the wire spark chambers were directly used as "memory of the device".

Search for low-energy interplanetary positrons

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S527-S529 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Cline ◽  
E. W. Hones Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Counting Rate ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Charge Ratio ◽  
Great Abundance ◽  
Independent Source ◽  
Equilibrium Charge ◽  
Energy Dependent ◽  
Background Effect

Preliminary results of an experiment designed to detect and measure the intensity of interplanetary positrons of energy 0–3 MeV with the satellites OGO-I and OGO-III are outlined. Evidence for a statistically significant counting rate of detected positrons is presented, and the possibility that these particles represent a true primary component rather than a background effect, such as cosmic-ray induced secondaries in the detector, is considered. It is shown that the apparent intensity of low-energy positrons, assuming that value derived from their counting rate, would be consistent with an equilibrium charge ratio. This result would not be predicted with mechanisms involving the ionization of matter or the acceleration of electrons, but would be consistent with a strongly energy-dependent galactic trapping parameter allowing meson-decay electrons to slow down in great abundance, or with the existence of an independent source.

The results of simultaneous measurements of the cosmic-ray intensity over the Antarctic and Arctic

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S823-S824
Author(s):  
S. N. Vernov ◽  
A. N. Charakhchyan ◽  
T. N. Charakhchyan ◽  
Yu. J. Stozhkov
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Cosmic Ray Intensity ◽  
Simultaneous Measurements ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
The Antarctic

The results of the analysis of data obtained from measurements carried out by means of regular stratospheric launchings of cosmic-ray radiosondes over the Murmansk region and the Antarctic observatory in Mirny in 1963–66 are presented. The problem of the anisotropy of the primary component of low-energy cosmic rays and of temperature effects on the cosmic-ray intensity in the atmosphere are discussed.

scholarly journals Measurement of Low-Energy Cosmic-Ray Antiprotons at Solar Minimum

1998 ◽  
Vol 81 (19) ◽  
pp. 4052-4055 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Matsunaga ◽  
S. Orito ◽  
H. Matsumoto ◽  
K. Yoshimura ◽  
A. Moiseev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Minimum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Low Energy
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