CHARACTERISTICS OF A TOROIDAL RESONATOR FOR PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 3979-3989 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Šícha ◽  
G. G. Cloutier ◽  
R. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Plasma Diagnostics ◽  
Field Configuration ◽  
Dielectric Sphere ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Good Agreement

In this paper an experimental investigation of the electric-field configuration in a toroidal resonator has been carried out by measuring the shift of the resonant frequency when a small dielectric sphere is introduced in the resonator. The good agreement between the experimental and the theoretical results shows that the assumptions concerning the electromagnetic-field configuration are correct and the method can be used in measuring the electrical conductivity of a plasma.

Investigating flexible textile-based coils for wireless charging wearable electronics

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danmei Sun ◽  
Meixuan Chen ◽  
Symon Podilchak ◽  
Apostolos Georgiadis ◽  
Qassim S Abdullahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Screen Printing ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Wireless Charging ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Screen Printed

Smart and interactive textiles have been attracted great attention in recent years. This research explored three different techniques and processes in developing textile-based conductive coils that are able to embed in a garment layer. Coils made through embroidery and screen printing have good dimensional stability, although the resistance of screen printed coil is too high due to the low conductivity of the print ink. Laser cut coil provided the best electrical conductivity; however, the disadvantage of this method is that it is very difficult to keep the completed coil to the predetermined shape and dimension. The tested results show that an electromagnetic field has been generated between the textile-based conductive coil and an external coil that is directly powered by electricity. The magnetic field and electric field worked simultaneously to complete the wireless charging process.

scholarly journals Unified 4-Dimensional Hyperspace Equilibrium beyond Einstein 4-Dimensional, Kaluza-Klein 5-Dimensional and Superstring 10- and 11 Dimensional Curved Hyperspaces

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Vegt
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
String Theory ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Field Configuration ◽  
Force Density ◽  
Unified Field Theory ◽  
Unified Field ◽  
Discrete Values

Albert Einstein, Hendrik Lorentz and Hermann Minkowski published in 1905 the “Theory of Special Relativity” and Einstein published in 1915 his field theory of general relativity based on a curved 4-dimensional space-time continuum to integrate the gravitational field and the electromagnetic field in one unified field. Since then the method of Einstein’s unifying field theory has been developed by many others in more than 4 dimensions resulting finally in the well-known 10-dimensional and 11-dimensional “string theory”. String theory is an outgrowth of S-matrix theory, a research program begun by Werner Heisenberg in 1943 (following John Archibald Wheeler‘s(3) 1937 introduction of the S-matrix), picked up and advocated by many prominent theorists starting in the late 1950’s.Theodor Franz Eduard Kaluza (1885-1954), was a German mathematician and physicist well-known for the Kaluza–Klein theory involving field equations in curved five-dimensional space. His idea that fundamental forces can be unified by introducing additional dimensions re-emerged much later in the “String Theory”.In classical unified field theory, the electromagnetic and gravitational interactions are defined by the field equations e.g. Till now the continuing of the method of Einstein’s unifying field theory in a 4-dimensional curved space-time continuum in curved multi-dimensional hyperspaces has not resulted in a successful Grand Unified Field Theory which explains the discrete values for electric charge, magnetic spin and the mass of all known elementary particles. The fundamental question is: Is a hyperspace curved multi-dimensional approach like the the 11-dimensional Superstring theory the only way to combine fundamentally different fields into one Grand Unifying Theory. Or is there a different way?In this new theory a fundamentally different path has been chosen. In the basic theory of the “Lorentz-Einstein-Minkovski” transformations (1905) two fundamentally different fields, the electric field and the magnetic field have been integrated into one 4-dimensional theory expressed by the electromagnetic potential 4-vector . Instead of defining the electric field and the magnetic field separately in a curved 6- or 7-dimensional hyperspace, both fields are integrated by the common fundamental effect of the force density . The electric field and the magnetic field are fundamentally different but have “the same origin” and “the same effect” of a force density acting on an arbitrary electromagnetic field configuration (particle or field). Instead of focusing on the differences in the separate fields and putting the differences in the separate fields in separate dimensions, this theory focusses on that what is in common. The “Origin” and the “Effect”. There is only one Origin for all the different fields (gravitational field, electromagnetic field etc.). There is only one single common effect, the force density acting on a field configuration (elementary particle or field). This theory focusses on that what is in common. The resulting force densities which have to equal zero at any time at any place in any direction to realize a Universe in Harmony and Equilibrium integrating in this way the very different fields in a Unified 4-dimensional Space-Time continuum.In this new fundamentally different approach the different interactions (gravity, electromagnetic interaction etc.) has not been interpreted as a curvature of a hyperspace in a 5-, 10- or 11 dimensional space (string theory) . The new theory has been based on the single concept of “Fundamental Harmony within the Universe”. A Unified Field Theory which results in the confinements of electromagnetic radiation (light) within dimensions smaller than 10-85 [m], carrying discrete values (positive or negative) for electric charge in monopole, di-pole or multipole configurations, carrying discrete values (positive or negative) for magnetic string in monopole, di-pole or multipole configurations and carrying (electromagnetic) mass with the property of inertia according Newton’s second law of motion.The Unified Field Theory has been based on the fundamental question for the existence of light (electromagnetic radiation). What are the fundamental boundaries which are required for a stable electromagnetic field configuration in which light can exist? There is only one boundary condition. “The electromagnetic field has to be in a perfect equilibrium (balance) with itself and its surrounding.” And when an electromagnetic field interacts with a gravitational field, weak interaction or strong interaction exactly the same boundary condition is required. That is the single and only requirement.

Soret Measurement for Multi-Component Hydrocarbon Mixtures from Space Experiment Conducted Onboard FOTON M3 Unmanned Satellite

2012 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 470-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ziad Saghir ◽  
Seshasai Srinivasan ◽  
Stefan Van Vaerenbergh
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Space Experiment ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Hydrocarbon Mixture ◽  
Hydrocarbon Mixtures ◽  
Component System ◽  
Thermodiffusion Coefficient ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Good Agreement

In an unprecedented experimental investigation, a binary, a ternary and a four-component hydrocarbon mixture at different pressure have been studied in a nearly convection free environment to understand the thermodiffusion process. Experimental investigations of the mixtures have been conducted in space onboard the spacecraft FOTON-M3. The experiment objective was to measure the thermodiffusion coefficient for multi-component hydrocarbon mixtures. Then the experimental results have also been used to test a thermodiffusion model that has been calibrated based on the results of previous experimental investigations. Results showed a good agreement with current theoretical results except for the four-component system where discrepancies were found and discussed.

Study of Electrical Conductivity in WO3-doped Nonstoichiometric LiTaO3

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 834
Author(s):  
M. Tahiri ◽  
N. Masaif ◽  
A. Jennane ◽  
E.M. Lotfi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Curie Temperature ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Defect Structure ◽  
Experimental Conductivity ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Good Agreement

The results of experimental and analytical studies of the electrical conductivity for different solid solutions synthesized in a vicinity of LiTaO3 in the ternary system Li2O–Ta2O5–(WO3)2 are presented. It is shown that the electrical conductivity increases linearly with the Curie temperature. The experimental conductivity between 200 and 700 ºC was measured using an LCR bridge HP4192A on ceramics sintered at 1250 ºC. Within the theoretical approach to the defect structure analysis combined with our proposed vacancy models, the theoretical results are in a good agreement with the experimental data.

VISCOSITY EFFECTS IN A CHANNEL OF SMALL EXPONENTIAL DIVERGENCE

1935 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 676-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Theoretical Treatment ◽  
Photographic Method ◽  
General Flow ◽  
Viscosity Effects ◽  
Diverging Channel ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Good Agreement

An experimental investigation of a flow form, deduced by Blasius from theoretical considerations, was carried out with air as the medium. A photographic method of measuring velocity distributions was adopted, and a diverging channel was designed from considerations based on the theoretical treatment and on requirements arising out of the experimental method. At a Reynolds number of 35, curves of velocity distribution were measured at various positions along the channel, and comparisons were then made with the corresponding theoretical curves. Good agreement was found over the region of the channel to which the theoretical results could be applied. A study of the experimental curves in that part of the channel to which the theoretical results could not be applied quantitatively showed further that the general flow characteristics described by Blasius are to be found in this region.

scholarly journals Design of a Compact and High Sensitivity Temperature Sensor Using Metamaterial

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabah Zemouli ◽  
Abdelhafid Chaabi ◽  
Houcine Sofiane Talbi
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Metallic Wire ◽  
Metallic Rings ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Good Agreement

The present paper aims at sensing the temperature. A sensor metamaterial consisting of two concentric metallic rings and a thin metallic wire deposited on the surface of BaTiO3 substrate is reported. The use of BaTiO3 makes the resonant frequency of the structure shift as the temperature varies and makes the sensor applicable in many fields of applications. Numerical simulations and theoretical results are presented and compared to each other; there was a good agreement between them. This sensor is smaller, easier to fabricate, and very sensitive to the changes in temperatures.

SHALLOW DONOR IMPURITY BINDING ENERGY IN A QUANTUM WIRE WITHIN AN ELECTRIC FIELD

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 1351-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHAO-JIN ZHANG ◽  
KANG-XIAN GUO ◽  
HONG-JING XIE ◽  
RUI-QIANG WANG
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Quantum Wire ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Shallow Donor ◽  
Applied Electric Field Strength ◽  
Square Well ◽  
Geometrical Effects ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Good Agreement

The method of two variational wavefunctions has been used to calculate theoretically the impurity binding energy in a GaAs/Ga 1-x Al x As quantum wire. The effective potential in the quantum wire consists of a parabolic well potential in the x-direction and a square well potential in the z-direction with an applied electric field. We can obtain the results which are in good agreement with previous theoretical results. Furthermore, the impurity binding energy in the quantum wire is sensitive to the geometrical effects and the applied electric field strength F.

Investigating the Nonlinear Optical Response of Pepper Oil under Low Power Irradiation with Continuous Wave Visible Laser Beam

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-138
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Nonlinear Refractive Index ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Diffraction Integral ◽  
Visible Laser ◽  
Limiting Property ◽  
Kirchhoff Diffraction Integral ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Good Agreement

The nonlinear optical properties of pepper oil are studied by diffraction ring patterns and Z-scan techniques with continuous wave beam from solid state laser at 473 nm wavelength. The nonlinear refractive index of the sample is calculated by both techniques. The sample show high nonlinear refractive index. Based on Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction integral, the far-field intensity distributions of ring patterns have been calculated. It is found that the experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical results. Also the optical limiting property of pepper oil is reported. The results obtained in this study prove that the pepper oil has applications in nonlinear optical devices.

Experimental investigation and modelling of light scattering in a-Si:H solar cells deposited on glass/ZnO:Al substrates

2002 ◽  
Vol 715 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Krc ◽  
M. Zeman ◽  
O. Kluth ◽  
F. Smole ◽  
M. Topic
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Optical Model ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Interface Roughness ◽  
Scattering Parameters ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractThe descriptive scattering parameters, haze and angular distribution functions of textured ZnO:Al transparent conductive oxides with different surface roughness are measured. An approach to determine the scattering parameters of all internal interfaces in p-i-n a-Si:H solar cells deposited on the glass/ZnO:Al substrates is presented. Using the determined scattering parameters as the input parameters of the optical model, a good agreement between the measured and simulated quantum efficiencies of the p-i-n a-Si:H solar cells with different interface roughness is achieved.

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