FREE-FALL DIFFUSION IN A DISCHARGE AFTERGLOW

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 2615-2630 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
Mercury Vapor ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Cavity Method ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Langmuir Probes ◽  
Average Electron ◽  
Good Agreement

The afterglow decay of the number density and electron temperature of a plasma in which collisions between electrons and molecules are rare is studied both theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical approach, using the first three moment equations solved in a one-dimensional geometry, predicts non-exponential decay profiles in time for both density and temperature. Experimental results are obtained using a cylindrical mercury vapor discharge tube at pressures where the mean free path of the electrons is much larger than the transverse dimensions of the tube. The average electron number density is measured by a surface-wave cavity method and the electron temperature by means of Langmuir probes. The theoretical and experimental results are in good agreement, especially for the density decay.

Early free-fall afterglow of a cylindrical mercury vapor plasma

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (13) ◽  
pp. 1528-1538
Author(s):  
B. C. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
Mercury Vapor ◽  
Moment Equation ◽  
Average Electron Density ◽  
Pressure Term ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
Average Electron

The free-fall theory for the decay of average electron density and electron temperature in a mercury vapor discharge afterglow presented recently in a letter (Gregory) is improved by the addition of a pressure term for the ions in the second moment equation. The neglect of charge-transfer collisions is justified. The development of the theory is reviewed in detail and a complete series of comparison curves for the measured and calculated electron density decay is presented for four tubes of different diameter.

THE RESONANCE ESCAPE FACTOR AND DENSITY SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF Li 670.970 nm RESONANCE LINES

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 1189-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIAN HE ◽  
QINGGUO ZHANG ◽  
QINGDONG CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Oscillator Strength ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Resonance Absorption ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Line Center ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Escape Factor ◽  
Good Agreement

In this letter, the resonance escape factors and spatial distribution of three resonance absorption lines that making up the Li 670.970 nm line are discussed theoretically, for both Lorentzian and Voigt profiles. The oscillator strength, the number density of the absorbing atoms in the ground state, and the optical depth in the line center are discussed also in the calculation. The results we calculated are in good agreement with the experimental results. This calculation will be significant in the research of plasma Li atom.

scholarly journals Temperature and Expansion Energy of Laser Produced Plasmas II. Experiments

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1815-1822 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Puell ◽  
H.J. Neusser ◽  
W. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Hydrodynamic Theory ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Expansion Energy ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract Experiments on laser produced plasmas with light intensities between 2·1011 and 5·1012 W/cm2 are reported. Measurements of the electron temperature and the expansion energy were performed. In the case of LiD targets the highest temperature observed was 200 eV. Using carbon targets a maximum temperature of 330 eV was measured. The corresponding expansion energies reach values as high as 13 keV. The experimental results are in good agreement with a stationary, hydrodynamic theory. We conclude from our data that in our LiD and C plasmas ions and electrons have the same temperature.

Inducing Frictional Force to Enhance the Transient Response in Beams

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Hamed Khanger Mina ◽  
Waleed K. Al-Ashtrai
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Transient Response ◽  
Frictional Force ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Damping Capacity ◽  
Tightening Force ◽  
Contact Areas ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Ansys Workbench

This paper studies the effect of contact areas on the transient response of mechanical structures. Precisely, it investigates replacing the ordinary beam of a structure by two beams of half the thickness, which are joined by bolts. The response of these beams is controlled by adjusting the tightening of the connecting bolts and hence changing the magnitude of the induced frictional force between the two beams which affect the beams damping capacity. A cantilever of two beams joined together by bolts has been investigated numerically and experimentally. The numerical analysis was performed using ANSYS-Workbench version 17.2. A good agreement between the numerical and experimental results has been obtained. In general, results showed that the two beams vibrate independently when the bolts were loosed and the structure stiffness is about 20 N/m and the damping ratio is about 0.008. With increasing the bolts tightening, the stiffness and the damping ratio of the structure were also increased till they reach their maximum values when the tightening force equals to 8330 N, where the structure now has stiffness equals to 88 N/m and the damping ratio is about 0.062. Beyond this force value, increasing the bolts tightening has no effect on stiffness of the structure while the damping ratio is decreased until it returned to 0.008 when the bolts tightening becomes immense and the beams behave as one beam of double thickness.

PHOTOINDUCED NONLINEAR OCTUPOLAR POLARIZATION: TRANSIENT AND PERMANENT REGIMES

1996 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 653-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
CÉLINE FIORINI ◽  
JEAN-MICHEL NUNZI ◽  
FABRICE CHARRA ◽  
IFOR D.W. SAMUEL ◽  
JOSEPH ZYSS
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Polar Field ◽  
Rotational Spectrum ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Ethyl Violet ◽  
Disperse Red 1 ◽  
Good Agreement

An original poling method using purely optical means and based on a dual-frequency interference process is presented. We show that the coherent superposition of two beams at fundamental and second-harmonic frequencies results in a polar field with an irreducible rotational spectrum containing both a vector and an octupolar component. This enables the method to be applied even to molecules without a permanent dipole such as octupolar molecules. After a theoretical analysis of the process, we describe different experiments aiming at light-induced noncentrosymmetry performed respectively on one-dimensional Disperse Red 1 and octupolar Ethyl Violet molecules. Macroscopic octupolar patterning of the induced order is demonstrated in both transient and permanent regimes. Experimental results show good agreement with theory.

scholarly journals Comparison of Experimental and Numerical Transient Drop Deformation during Transition through Orifices in High-Pressure Homogenizers

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Benedikt Mutsch ◽  
Peter Walzel ◽  
Christian J. Kähler
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Extensional Flow ◽  
Droplet Breakup ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Drop Deformation ◽  
Droplet Deformation ◽  
Shadow Imaging ◽  
Good Agreement

The droplet deformation in dispersing units of high-pressure homogenizers (HPH) is examined experimentally and numerically. Due to the small size of common homogenizer nozzles, the visual analysis of the transient droplet generation is usually not possible. Therefore, a scaled setup was used. The droplet deformation was determined quantitatively by using a shadow imaging technique. It is shown that the influence of transient stresses on the droplets caused by laminar extensional flow upstream the orifice is highly relevant for the droplet breakup behind the nozzle. Classical approaches based on an equilibrium assumption on the other side are not adequate to explain the observed droplet distributions. Based on the experimental results, a relationship from the literature with numerical simulations adopting different models are used to determine the transient droplet deformation during transition through orifices. It is shown that numerical and experimental results are in fairly good agreement at limited settings. It can be concluded that a scaled apparatus is well suited to estimate the transient droplet formation up to the outlet of the orifice.

Simulation of Sphere’s Motion Induced by Shock Waves

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Igra ◽  
Ozer Igra ◽  
Lazhar Houas ◽  
Georges Jourdan
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Drag Coefficient ◽  
Drag Force ◽  
Stationary Flow ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Sphere Drag ◽  
Simulation Scheme ◽  
Good Agreement

Simulations of experimental results appearing in Jourdan et al. (2007, “Drag Coefficient of a Sphere in a Non-Stationary Flow: New Results,”Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 463, pp. 3323–3345) regarding acceleration of a sphere by the postshock flow were conducted in order to find the contribution of the various parameters affecting the sphere drag force. Based on the good agreement found between present simulations and experimental findings, it is concluded that the proposed simulation scheme could safely be used for evaluating the sphere’s motion in the postshock flow.

Viscoelastic Deformation of PC/ABS Alloy

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 1229-1232
Author(s):  
Z.N. Yin ◽  
L.F. Fan ◽  
Tie Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Relaxation Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Viscoelastic Deformation ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Storage And Loss Moduli ◽  
Static Relaxation ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Good Agreement

Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and static relaxation tests are carried out to study the viscoelastic deformation of PC/ABS alloy with blending ratio of PC to ABS being 50/50. A modified approach is developed to calculate the relaxation modulus of PC/ABS alloy from the DMA experimental results of storage and loss moduli. Comparison of the results obtained from DMA and static relaxation tests is presented and good agreement is found.

Influence of the Morphology on the Optical Properties of Nanocermet Films: A Renormalization Approach

1990 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Berthier ◽  
K. Driss-Khodja
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Critical Exponents ◽  
Inhomogeneous Media ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Percolation Transition ◽  
Position Space ◽  
Renormalization Approach ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Effective Medium Models

ABSTRACTIn order to take into account the actual morphology of the inhomogeneous media, we have developed, effective medium models based on a 2D and 3D position space renormalization /1,2/. These models predict the dipolar resonance and the percolation transition with critical exponents in good agreement with theoretical values and fairly reproduce most of the experimental results, whatever the concentration is. Further more, this allows a valuable comparison of the predictions of our models when applied on different lattices like real digitized TEM of cermet films or randomly occupied lattices.

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