RADIOACTIVE DECAY OF Au200

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Roy ◽  
L. P. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Decay Scheme ◽  
Radioactive Decay ◽  
End Point ◽  
Gamma Radiations

The half-life of Au200 has been measured to be 48.4 ± 0.3 minutes. The beta radiations emitted in the decay of Au200 have been studied by absorption in aluminum, and the gamma radiations with a multichannel scintillation spectrometer. Two beta rays with end-point energies of 2.25 ± 0.20 and 0.7 ± 0.1 Mev and respective abundance of (75 ± 3)% and (25 ± 3)% were detected. Three gamma rays with energies of 0.367, 1.23, and 1.60 Mev were observed. It was established that the 0.367- and 1.23-Mev gamma rays are in coincidence. A decay scheme for Au200 is proposed.

RADIOACTIVE DECAY OF W188

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 677-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Decay Scheme ◽  
Radioactive Decay ◽  
Beta Transition ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Gamma Radiations

The half-life of W188 has been measured to be 69.4 ± 0.5 days. The gamma radiations emitted in the decay of W188 have been studied with an NaI scintillation spectrometer, and the beta radiations by absorption in aluminum. Three gamma rays with energies of 0.290 ± 0.005, 0.227 ± 0.005, and 0.063 ± 0.005 Mev were observed. The intensities of these gamma rays were measured relative to those gamma rays from the daughter activity Re188. The W188 gamma intensities thus deduced are respectively 0.002, 0.001, and about 0.001 per disintegration. The 0.227 and 0.063 gamma rays are in coincidence. It logically follows from the gamma results that 99.3% of the beta radiations go to the ground state of Re188 with an energy of 0.36 ± 0.04 Mev (determined by Feather analysis), while about 0.4% go to an excited state at 0.290 Mev; an upper limit of 0.3% has been set for a beta transition to the 0.063 state. A decay scheme for W188 is proposed.

DISCOVERY OF Pr137

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1483-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Dahlstrom ◽  
J. S. Foster ◽  
A. L. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Chemical Separation ◽  
Mass Determination ◽  
Proton Bombardment ◽  
End Point ◽  
Neutron Deficient Isotope ◽  
Positron Spectrum

The neutron-deficient isotope Pr137 has been discovered by proton bombardment of natural cerium, chemical separation, and mass determination. Its half-life is 1.5 ± 0.1 hours and the end point of its positron spectrum is 1.7 ± 0.1 Mev. No gamma rays were observed.

scholarly journals Nuclear Structure Investigations of some Medium-Weight Isotopes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gavin Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Structure ◽  
Beta Decay ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Decay Scheme ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Calculated Cross Section ◽  
Beta Spectrum ◽  
Gamma Ray Detectors

<p>This thesis describes the methods and results of investigations made to determine the decay schemes of three short-lived isotopes 112Ag, 114Ag and 116Ag. A total of 76 gamma-rays was observed with a Ge(Li) detector in the gamma-radiation which follows the Beta-decay of 112Ag to levels of 112Cd. gamma- gamma coincidence and angular correlation measurements were made with Ge(Li)-NaI(T1) and NaI(T1)-NaI(T1) systems. A decay scheme consistent with the present data is proposed. Cross sections for the reactions 112Cd(n,p)112Ag and 115In(n, alpha)112Ag were measured, and the half-life of the 112Ag decay was found to be 3.14 plus-minus 0.01 hr. The decay scheme of 114Ag was studied with Ge(Li) gamma-ray detectors and plastic Beta-ray detectors. 9 of the 11 gamma-rays observed in the decay were incorporated into 114Cd level structure previously determined by conversion electron measurements on the 113Cd(n,gamma)114Cd reaction. The endpoint energy of the Beta-decay was determined as 4.90 plus-minus 0.26 MeV; no branching was evident in the Beta-spectrum. A decay scheme is proposed for which the Beta-branching was deduced from the measured gamma-ray yield and a calculated cross section value for the 114Cd(n,p)114Ag reaction. The 114Ag half-life was determined as 4.52 plus-minus 0.03 sec; a search for a previously reported isomeric state of 114Ag was unsuccessful. Ge(Li) and NaI(T1) gamma-ray detectors were used to study the direct and coincidence spectra that result from the decay of 116Ag, the half-life of which was found to be 2.50 plus-minus 0.02 min. 53 gamma-rays were observed from this decay. The Beta-branching to the 17 excited states of 116Cd in the proposed decay scheme was derived from the measured gamma-ray yield and a calculated cross section value for the 116Cd(n,p)Ag reaction. Spin and parity assignments for ihe energy levels of 116Cd are made. An investigation of the applicability of two collective models to nuclear structure typical of the Cd nuclei studied demonstrated that one of the models was misleading when applied to vibrational nuclei. A potential function was developed in the other model to extend the investigation to include a study of the transition between extremes of collective motion. This was used to examine the correspondence between nuclear level schemes representative of rotational and vibrational excitations.</p>

LOW-SPIN STATES OF 83Rb EXCITED IN THE 83Sr(β++EC)83Rb DECAY

2000 ◽  
Vol 09 (06) ◽  
pp. 471-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAOHAN YU ◽  
SHUANGHUI SHI ◽  
JIAHUI GU ◽  
JINGYI LIU ◽  
WENXIN LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Excited States ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Beam Energy ◽  
Decay Scheme ◽  
Branching Ratios ◽  
Spin States ◽  
New Information ◽  
Hpge Detectors ◽  
Γ Ray

Gamma-rays from the 83 Sr (β++ EC )83 Rb decay have been investigated with Compton suppressed HpGe detectors. The activity was produced via the 85 Rb (p,3n) reaction at 27.1 MeV beam energy. Singles in multispectra mode and γ–γ coincidence experiments were performed. Approximately 190 transitions including 94 new transitions and 19 new levels were assigned to 83 Rb , based on their measured half-life and/or observation in coincidence with well-known lines. A decay scheme has been constructed consisting of 41 excited states and 180 transitions in 83 Rb . Additional new information has been obtained on γ-ray branching ratios, log ft values, spins and parities.

Decay of 103Ag

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bakhru ◽  
R. I. Morse ◽  
I. L. Preiss
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Compound Nucleus ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Decay Scheme ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Mass Difference ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Direct Process ◽  
Silver Compound

The reaction 14N + 11B forming a silver compound nucleus and the direct interaction of 107Ag + 14N were utilized to produce the isotope 103Ag. In both instances the 103Ag results from the subsequent evaporation of nucleons from either the Ag compound nucleus or from the 105Ag* reaction intermediate in the case of the direct process. The decay of this isotope was studied using Ge(Li) detectors as well as with standard scintillation counters. The beta- and gamma-ray measurements confirm three beta groups of maximum energies 1.31 ± 0.05 MeV (60%), 1.03 ± 0.05 (30%), and 0.500 ± 0.1 MeV (10%) and gamma rays of energies 0.118, 0.148, 0.235, 0.268, 0.420, 0.540, 0.555, 0.585, 0.655, 0.740, 1.002, 1.1, 1.14, 1.27, 1.36, and 1.56 MeV all decaying with a half-life 1.1 h. Coincidence studies show that the 0.118 MeV gamma ray is in coincidence with 0.148, 0.511, 0.555, 0.740, 1.0, and 1.1 MeV gamma rays; the 0.148 MeV gamma ray with the 0.118, 0.511, 0.555, 0.740, 1.0, and 1.1 MeV gamma rays; the 0.235 MeV gamma ray with the 0.420, 0.511, 0.585, 0.740, 1.04, and 1.13 MeV gamma rays; the 0.540 MeV gamma ray with the 0.511 and 0.820 MeV gamma rays; and the 0.820 MeV gamma ray with the 0.511 and 0.740 MeV gamma rays only. Two beta groups of maximum energies 1.03 and 0.5 MeV are observed to be in coincidence with the 0.148 and 0.268 MeV transitions and with the 0.555 and 0.820 MeV gamma rays as a gate, only the beta group of energy 0.5 ± 0.1 MeV appears. Based on the above observation, a decay scheme of 103Ag is proposed and the results are discussed. The half-life of 118 keV level is measured by delayed coincidence and found to be (1.9 ± 0.4) × 10−9 s indicating an M1 multipolarity for this transition. The mass difference between the ground state of 103Ag and 103Pd is found to be 2.32 MeV.

scholarly journals Nuclear Structure Investigations of some Medium-Weight Isotopes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gavin Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Structure ◽  
Beta Decay ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Decay Scheme ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Calculated Cross Section ◽  
Beta Spectrum ◽  
Gamma Ray Detectors

<p>This thesis describes the methods and results of investigations made to determine the decay schemes of three short-lived isotopes 112Ag, 114Ag and 116Ag. A total of 76 gamma-rays was observed with a Ge(Li) detector in the gamma-radiation which follows the Beta-decay of 112Ag to levels of 112Cd. gamma- gamma coincidence and angular correlation measurements were made with Ge(Li)-NaI(T1) and NaI(T1)-NaI(T1) systems. A decay scheme consistent with the present data is proposed. Cross sections for the reactions 112Cd(n,p)112Ag and 115In(n, alpha)112Ag were measured, and the half-life of the 112Ag decay was found to be 3.14 plus-minus 0.01 hr. The decay scheme of 114Ag was studied with Ge(Li) gamma-ray detectors and plastic Beta-ray detectors. 9 of the 11 gamma-rays observed in the decay were incorporated into 114Cd level structure previously determined by conversion electron measurements on the 113Cd(n,gamma)114Cd reaction. The endpoint energy of the Beta-decay was determined as 4.90 plus-minus 0.26 MeV; no branching was evident in the Beta-spectrum. A decay scheme is proposed for which the Beta-branching was deduced from the measured gamma-ray yield and a calculated cross section value for the 114Cd(n,p)114Ag reaction. The 114Ag half-life was determined as 4.52 plus-minus 0.03 sec; a search for a previously reported isomeric state of 114Ag was unsuccessful. Ge(Li) and NaI(T1) gamma-ray detectors were used to study the direct and coincidence spectra that result from the decay of 116Ag, the half-life of which was found to be 2.50 plus-minus 0.02 min. 53 gamma-rays were observed from this decay. The Beta-branching to the 17 excited states of 116Cd in the proposed decay scheme was derived from the measured gamma-ray yield and a calculated cross section value for the 116Cd(n,p)Ag reaction. Spin and parity assignments for ihe energy levels of 116Cd are made. An investigation of the applicability of two collective models to nuclear structure typical of the Cd nuclei studied demonstrated that one of the models was misleading when applied to vibrational nuclei. A potential function was developed in the other model to extend the investigation to include a study of the transition between extremes of collective motion. This was used to examine the correspondence between nuclear level schemes representative of rotational and vibrational excitations.</p>

Gamma Rays fromGa65Decay and Half-Life of the 54-kev Level ofZn65

1960 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 2072-2080 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. August ◽  
J. F. Friichtenicht
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Half Life

scholarly journals Application of the radionuclide 210Pb in glaciology – an overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (257) ◽  
pp. 447-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz W. Gäggeler ◽  
Leonhard Tobler ◽  
Margit Schwikowski ◽  
Theo M. Jenk
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Radioactive Decay ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Glacier Flow

Abstract210Pb is an environmental radionuclide with a half-life of 22.3 years, formed in the atmosphere via radioactive decay of radon (222Rn). 222Rn itself is a noble gas with a half-life of 3.8 days and is formed via radioactive decay of uranium (238U) contained in the Earth crust from where it constantly emanates into the atmosphere. 210Pb atoms attach to aerosol particles, which are then deposited on glaciers via scavenging with fresh snow. Due to its half-life, ice cores can be dated with this radionuclide over roughly one century, depending on the initial 210Pb activity concentration. Optimum 210Pb dating is achieved for cold glaciers with no – or little – influence by percolating meltwater. This paper presents an overview which not only includes dating of cold glaciers but also some special cases of 210Pb applications in glaciology addressing temperate glaciers, glaciers with negative mass balance, sublimation processes on glaciers in arid regions, determination of annual net snow accumulation as well as glacier flow rates.

THE DECAY OF Re186 AND Re188

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Johns ◽  
C. C. McMullen ◽  
I. R. Williams ◽  
S. V. Nablo
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Decay Scheme ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
End Points ◽  
Coincidence Measurements ◽  
Good Agreement

The energies and intensities of 13 gamma rays in Re188 have been measured by studying their external conversion spectra with a high resolution beta-ray spectrometer. An analysis of the beta-ray spectrum reveals groups with end points 2116 kev. (79%) and 1961 kev. (20%), and several low energy groups whose total intensity is of the order of 1%. The observed data can be consistently accounted for in terms of a decay scheme involving the following levels of OS188: 0.0, 155.0, 633, 1086, 1306, 1461, 1765, 1941, and 1958 kev. This scheme is firmly supported by coincidence measurements. The spins of the first three levels listed are 0+, 2+, and 2+ and that of the 1461 kev. level is probably 0+.The decay of Re186 is accompanied by gamma rays of the following energies and quantum intensities: 122.9 kev. (0.6%), 137.2 kev. (10%), 630.8 kev. (0.024%), and 768.2 kev. (0.024%). These values are in good agreement with those quoted in the literature, except for the intensities of the last two radiations.

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