Constrained multispectrum analysis of CO2–Ar broadening at 6227 and 6348 cm–1 This article is part of a Special Issue on Spectroscopy at the University of New Brunswick in honour of Colan Linton and Ron Lees.

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Chris Benner ◽  
C. E. Miller ◽  
V. Malathy Devi

We report the first extensive experimental measurements of Ar-broadened half-width and pressure-induced shift coefficients, speed dependence parameters, and line mixing coefficients for the 30013←00001 and 30012←00001 bands of 16O12C16O centered near 6227 and 6348 cm–1, respectively. These parameters were determined from 15 self-broadened and six Ar-broadened CO2 spectra recorded at room temperature with long absorption path lengths (25 to 121 m) using the McMath–Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) at the National Solar Observatory. All 21 spectra were fit simultaneously using a multispectrum nonlinear least-squares technique. The line positions and line intensities were constrained to quantum mechanical expressions to obtain maximum accuracies in the retrieved parameters. Speed-dependent line shapes with line mixing (via the relaxation matrix formalism) were required to remove systematic errors in the fit residuals using only the Voigt profile. Remaining fit residuals were minimized by adjusting the half-width and pressure-induced shift coefficients of the overlapping 31113←01101 and 31112←01101 hot bands. We compare the Ar-broadening parameters with those recently determined for self- and air-broadening in the 30012←00001 and 30013←00001 bands and also with other Ar-broadening values from the literature, as appropriate.

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Predoi-Cross ◽  
A. R.W. McKellar ◽  
D. Chris Benner ◽  
V. Malathy Devi ◽  
R. R. Gamache ◽  
...  

In this study, 39 high-resolution spectra of pure and air-broadened CO2 recorded at temperatures between 215 and 294 K were analyzed using a multispectrum nonlinear least-squares technique to determine temperature dependences of air-broadened Lorentz half-width and air-induced pressure shift coefficients for over 100 individual 12C16O2 transitions in the 30012←00001 (at 6348 cm–1) and 30013←00001 (at 6228 cm–1) bands. Data were recorded with two different Fourier transform spectrometers (Kitt Peak FTS at the National Solar Observatory in Arizona and the Bomem FTS at NRC, Ottawa), with absorption path lengths ranging between 25 and 121 m. The sample pressures varied between 11 torr (pure CO2) and 924 torr (CO2-air) with volume mixing ratios of CO2 in air between ∼1.5% and 11% (1 torr = 133.322 4 Pa). To minimize systematic errors and increase the accuracy of the retrieved parameters, a constrained multispectrum nonlinear least-squares fitting technique was used to include theoretical quantum mechanical expressions for the rovibrational energies and intensity parameters rather than retrieving the individual positions and intensities line by line. The results suggest no detectable vibrational dependence for the temperature dependences for the air-broadened Lorentz half-width coefficients and the air-induced pressure shift coefficients. The half-width coefficients and temperature dependence exponents were modeled using semiclassical calculations based upon the Robert–Bonamy formalism. A good agreement is seen between the measurements and theoretical calculations. Beyond |m| = 26, a simple scaling factor (0.96) has been applied to the calculated half-width coefficients to match the experimental measurements.


2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Predoi-Cross ◽  
Robab Hashemi ◽  
V. Malathy Devi ◽  
Hossein Naseri ◽  
Mary Ann H. Smith

We report measurement results for line positions, intensities, half-width, and pressure-induced shift coefficients and line mixing coefficients for N2O broadened by air in the ν3 band. The high signal-to-noise ratio spectra have been recorded at high resolution using the McMath–Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer formerly located at the National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak, Ariz., USA. The spectra were analyzed using a multispectrum nonlinear least-squares curve-fitting technique employing the speed-dependent Voigt profile with a Rosenkranz (weak) line mixing component. The speed dependence parameters were calculated as suggested in the study of Kochanov (J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 189, 18 (2017). doi: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.11.007 ). Several comparisons have been performed between the retrieved parameters and previously published results. For |m| ≤ 40, our results for line positions, broadening, and line mixing coefficients agree best with the results of Loos et al. (J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 151, 300 (2015). doi: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.10.008 ). Also, we compared the obtained line positions and intensities with the corresponding values in HITRAN2016 and GEISA-2015 databases. No significant or systematic differences were noticed. The precision of our line positions was estimated to be 3 × 10−5 cm−1. The reported line positions, intensities, and air-broadening coefficients are accurate to better than 2%. The accuracy of air-pressure-induced line shifts and line mixing coefficients is better than 5%. The line mixing coefficients and air-broadening coefficients were also calculated using the exponential power gap scaling law, and these calculated values were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.


Author(s):  
N. H. Ngo ◽  
H. Tran ◽  
R. R. Gamache ◽  
J. M. Hartmann

A short overview of recent results on the effects of pressure (collisions) regarding the shape of isolated infrared lines of water vapour is presented. The first part of this study considers the basic collisional quantities, which are the pressure-broadening and -shifting coefficients, central parameters of the Lorentzian (and Voigt) profile and thus of any sophisticated line-shape model. Through comparisons of measured values with semi-classical calculations, the influences of the molecular states (both rotational and vibrational) involved and of the temperature are analysed. This shows the relatively unusual behaviour of H 2 O broadening, with evidence of a significant vibrational dependence and the fact that the broadening coefficient (in cm −1 atm −1 ) of some lines increases with temperature. In the second part of this study, line shapes beyond the Voigt model are considered, thus now taking ‘velocity effects’ into account. These include both the influence of collisionally induced velocity changes that lead to the so-called Dicke narrowing and the influence of the dependence of collisional parameters on the speed of the radiating molecule. Experimental evidence of deviations from the Voigt shape is presented and analysed. The interest of classical molecular dynamics simulations, to model velocity changes, together with semi-classical calculations of the speed-dependent collisional parameters for line-shape predictions from ‘first principles’, are discussed.


1990 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tarbell ◽  
S. Ferguson ◽  
Z. Frank ◽  
R. Shine ◽  
A. Title ◽  
...  

On 29 September 1988, filtergrams of the solar photosphere with excellent resolution (0.3 to 0.5 arcsecond) were obtained at the Swedish Solar Observatory on La Palma, Canary Islands. An outstanding 2.5 hour run of digital filtergram observations was obtained, looking at a small area within an active region near disk center. On 6 August 1987, an 80 minute run of similar observations was obtained at the Vacuum Tower Telescope of the National Solar Observatory at Sacramento Peak. Digital and video movies have been made of Dopplergrams, magnetograms, line center, continuum, and white light images. Several examples of magnetic field emergence and formation of flux tubes can be studied in detail in the movies. The relationship between photospheric bright points, “filigree”, the line center brightness, and the magnetic field has been established for individual images in analysis to date.


1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1414-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Winkel Jr. ◽  
Sumner P. Davis ◽  
Rubén Pecyner ◽  
James W. Brault

The infrared emission spectrum of carbon monosulfide was observed as a sequence of vibration–rotation bands in the X1Σ+ state, with strong heads of the Δν = 2 sequence degraded to the red. Eight bands of 12C32S were identified, and bands corresponding to the isotope 12C34S were also observed. The most prominent band head, that of the (2–0) band, is at 2585 cm−1, with the other heads spaced approximately 26 cm−1 to smaller wavenumbers. Our data, taken with the Fourier transform spectrometer at the National Solar Observatory (Kitt Peak) include the first reported laboratory observations of the band heads and as many as 200 lines in each band. These observations allowed the calculation of vibrational and rotational constants to higher order than previously reported.


2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 1931-1943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Tennyson ◽  
Peter F. Bernath ◽  
Alain Campargue ◽  
Attila G. Császár ◽  
Ludovic Daumont ◽  
...  

Abstract The report of an IUPAC Task Group, formed in 2011 on “Intensities and line shapes in high-resolution spectra of water isotopologues from experiment and theory” (Project No. 2011-022-2-100), on line profiles of isolated high-resolution rotational-vibrational transitions perturbed by neutral gas-phase molecules is presented. The well-documented inadequacies of the Voigt profile (VP), used almost universally by databases and radiative-transfer codes, to represent pressure effects and Doppler broadening in isolated vibrational-rotational and pure rotational transitions of the water molecule have resulted in the development of a variety of alternative line-profile models. These models capture more of the physics of the influence of pressure on line shapes but, in general, at the price of greater complexity. The Task Group recommends that the partially Correlated quadratic-Speed-Dependent Hard-Collision profile (pCqSD-HCP) should be adopted as the appropriate model for high-resolution spectroscopy. For simplicity this should be called the Hartmann–Tran profile (HTP). The HTP is sophisticated enough to capture the various collisional contributions to the isolated line shape, can be computed in a straightforward and rapid manner, and reduces to simpler profiles, including the Voigt profile, under certain simplifying assumptions.


2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (S340) ◽  
pp. 91-92
Author(s):  
Sanjay Gosain ◽  

AbstractFull disk magnetic field measurements of the photosphere and chromosphere have been performed at National Solar Observatory (NSO), USA for many decades. Here we briefly describe recent upgrades made to this synoptic observing program. In particular, we present the full Stokes polarimetry observations made using the chromospheric Ca II 854.2 nm spectral line. These new observations have the potential to probe vector nature of magnetic field in the chromosphere above the active regions and provide improved estimates of magnetic free-energy, which is released during flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). We emphasize that these observations could improve estimates of polar fields, as compared to photospheric observations, due to magnetic field expansion in higher layers and perspective effect near the polar regions. The global coronal potential field models and solar wind speed estimates depend critically on polar field measurements.


2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Predoi-Cross ◽  
S Brawley-Tremblay ◽  
C Povey ◽  
M A Smith

In this study, we report the first experimental measurements of air-broadening and air-induced pressure-shift coefficients for approximately 378 transitions in the ν2 fundamental band of CH3D. These results were obtained from analysis of 17 room-temperature laboratory absorption spectra recorded at 0.0056 cm–1 resolution using the McMath–Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer located on Kitt Peak, Ariz. Three absorption cells with path lengths of 10.2, 25, and 150 cm were used to record the spectra. The total sample pressures ranged from 0.129 × 10–2 to 52.855 × 10–2 atm with CH3D volume mixing ratios of approximately 0.0109 in air. The spectra were analyzed using a multispectrum nonlinear least-squares fitting technique. We report measurements for air pressure-broadening coefficients for transitions with quantum numbers as high as J′′ = 20 and K = 15, where K′′ = K′ ≡ K (for a parallel band). The measured air-broadening coefficients range from 0.0205 to 0.0835 cm–1atm–1 at 296 K. All the measured pressure-shift coefficients are negative and are found to vary from about –0.0005 to –0.0080 cm–1 atm–1 at the temperature of the spectra. We have examined the dependence of the measured broadening and shift parameters on the J′′, and K quantum numbers and also developed empirical expressions to describe the broadening coefficients in terms of m (m = –J′′, J′′, and J′′ + 1 in the QP-, QQ-, and QR-branch, respectively) and K. On average, the empirical expressions reproduce the measured broadening coefficients to within 4.4%.PACS Nos.: 33.20.Ea, 39.30+w


2007 ◽  
Vol 245 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Malathy Devi ◽  
D. Chris Benner ◽  
L.R. Brown ◽  
C.E. Miller ◽  
R.A. Toth

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