scholarly journals A simple explanation of the nonappearance of physical gluons and quarks

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 1093-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Quantum Chromodynamics ◽  
Approximation Method ◽  
Perturbative Expansion ◽  
Simple Explanation ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Quark Field ◽  
Physical Particle ◽  
Color Field ◽  
Particle Interpretation

We show that the nonappearance of gluons and quarks as physical particles is a rigorous and automatic result of the full, i.e., nonperturbative, nonabelian nature of the color interaction in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). This makes it, in general, impossible to describe the color field as a collection of elementary quanta (gluons). Neither can a quark be an elementary quantum of the quark field, as the color field of which it is the source is itself a source, making isolated noninteracting quarks, crucial for a physical particle interpretation, impossible. In geometrical language, the impossibility of quarks and gluons as physical elementary particles arises due to the fact that the color Yang–Mills space does not have a constant trivial curvature. In QCD, the particles "gluons" and "quarks" are merely artifacts of an approximation method (the perturbative expansion) and are simply absent in the exact theory. This also coincides with the empirical, experimental evidence. PACS Nos.: 12.38Aw, 03.70+k, 11.15-q

scholarly journals Reply to the comment by A. Aste on "A simple explanation of the nonappearance of physical gluons and quarks"

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 893-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Journal ◽  
Approximation Method ◽  
Physical Meaning ◽  
Perturbative Expansion ◽  
Previous Article ◽  
Simple Explanation ◽  
Exact Theory

This is the reply to a comment by Andreas Aste on a previous article of mine in the Canadian Journal of Physics The counter-arguments used by Aste utilize a mathematical limit without physical meaning. We still contend that in QCD, the particles "gluons" and "quarks" are merely artifacts of an approximation method (the perturbative expansion) and are simply absent in the exact theory. PACS Nos.: 12.38.Aw, 03.70.+k, 11.15.–q

scholarly journals DUALITY IN SUPERSYMMETRIC YANG–MILLS AND THE QUANTUM HALL EFFECT

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 1567-1585
Author(s):  
BRIAN P. DOLAN
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Theory ◽  
Hall Effect ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Quantum Hall Effect ◽  
Modular Group ◽  
Quantum Hall ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Kinetic Term ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Topological Parameter

The evidence for the parallel rôles played by the modular group in [Formula: see text] supersymmetric Yang–Mills in (3+1) dimensions and the quantum Hall effect in (2+1) dimensions is reviewed. In both cases a subgroup of the full modular group acts as a map between different low energy phases of the theory, parametrised by a complex parameter in the upper-half-complex plane whose real part is a topological parameter and whose imaginary part is the coupling associated the kinetic term of the effective U(1) gauge theory. In the case of the quantum Hall effect experimental evidence in favour of the modular action is also reviewed.

The light-cone gauge

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Chromodynamics ◽  
Quantum Electrodynamics ◽  
Light Cone ◽  
Field Theories ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Quantum Field Theories ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Light Cone Gauge ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Kaluza Klein

Some aspects of recent development in the light-cone gauge and its special role in quantum-field theories are reviewed. Topics discussed include the two- and four-component formulations of the light-cone gauge, Slavnov–Taylor and Becchi– Rouet–Stora identities, quantum electrodynamics, quantum chromodynamics, renormalization of Yang–Mills theory and supersymmetric theory, gravity, and the quantum-induced compactification of Kaluza–Klein theories in the light-cone gauge.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL SPECTRUM FROM CONFINED EXCITATIONS IN A YANG–MILLS-INSPIRED TOY MODEL

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1350034 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. L. CAPRI ◽  
D. DUDAL ◽  
M. S. GUIMARAES ◽  
L. F. PALHARES ◽  
S. P. SORELLA
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Bound States ◽  
Gauge Theories ◽  
Spectral Representation ◽  
Complex Conjugate ◽  
Meson Mass ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Physical Spectrum ◽  
Real Mass ◽  
Particle Interpretation

We study a toy model for an interacting scalar field theory in which the fundamental excitations are confined in the sense of having unphysical, positivity-violating propagators, a fact tracing back to a decomposition of these in propagators with complex conjugate mass poles (the so-called i-particles). Similar two-point functions show up in certain approaches to gluon or quark propagators in Yang–Mills gauge theories. We investigate the spectrum of our model and show that suitable composite operators may be constructed having a well-defined Källén–Lehmann spectral representation, thus allowing for a particle interpretation. These physical excitations would correspond to the "mesons" of the model, the latter being bound states of two unphysical i-particles. The meson mass is explicitly estimated from the pole emerging in a resummed class of diagrams. The main purpose of this paper is thus to explicitly verify how a real mass pole can and does emerge out of constituent i-particles that have complex masses.

scholarly journals GENERALIZED DUAL SYMMETRY OF NON-ABELIAN THEORIES AND THE FREEZING OF αs

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 4479-4510 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. DAS ◽  
L. V. LAPERASHVILI ◽  
H. B. NIELSEN
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Gluon Condensate ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Perturbative Expansion ◽  
Flux Tubes ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Dual Symmetry ◽  
Renormalization Group Equations ◽  
Transition Points ◽  
Β Function

The quantum Yang–Mills theory, describing a system of fields with nondual (chromoelectric g) and dual (chromomagnetic [Formula: see text]) charges and revealing the generalized dual symmetry, is developed by analogy with the Zwanziger formalism in QED. The renormalization group equations (RGE's) for pure non-Abelian theories are analyzed for both constants, α = g2/4π and [Formula: see text]. The pure [Formula: see text] gauge theory is investigated as an example. We consider not only monopoles, but also dyons. The behavior of the total SU(3) β-function is investigated in the whole region of α≡αs: 0≤α < ∞. It is shown that this β-function is antisymmetric under the interchange α ↔ 1/α and is given by the well-known perturbative expansion not only for α≪1, but also for α≫1. Using an idea of the Maximal Abelian Projection by 't Hooft, we have considered the formation of strings — the ANO flux tubes — in the Higgs model of scalar monopole (or dyon) fields. In this model we have constructed the behavior of the β-function in the vicinity of the point α = 1, where it acquires a zero value. Considering the phase transition points at α≈0.4 and α≈2.5, we give the explanation of the freezing of αs. The evolution of [Formula: see text] with energy scale μ and the behavior of V eff (μ) are investigated for both, perturbative and nonperturbative regions of QCD. It was shown that the effective potential has a minimum, ensured by the dual sector of QCD. The gluon condensate [Formula: see text], corresponding to this minimum, is predicted: [Formula: see text], in agreement with the well-known results.

SURPRISING SIMPLICITY OF $\mathcal{N}=8$ SUPERGRAVITY

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 2295-2301 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. J. BJERRUM-BOHR ◽  
PIERRE VANHOVE
Keyword(s):  
Perturbative Expansion ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Yang Mills

Gravity amplitudes are, via the Kawai–Lewellen–Tye relations intimately linked to products of Yang–Mills amplitudes. Explicitly, this shows up in computations of [Formula: see text] supergravity where the perturbative expansion and ultraviolet behavior of this theory is akin to [Formula: see text] super-Yang–Mills at least through three loops. Full persistence to all loop orders would be truly remarkable and imply finiteness of [Formula: see text] supergravity in four dimensions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document