Purpurogallin—a natural and effective hepatoprotector in vitro and in vivo

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 747-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tai-Wing Wu ◽  
Ling-Hua Zeng ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
Doug Carey
Keyword(s):  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Isolated Hepatocytes ◽  
Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Oxidase Reaction ◽  
Dose Dependent

Purpurogallin is a plant phenol that is sometimes added as an oxidation retardant to fats–oils or to certain fuels or lubricants. However, it was unknown if purpurogallin is cytoprotective. Here we examined this issue, both in isolated hepatocytes and in vivo. From 0.5 to 2.0 mM, purpurogallin prolongs survival of rat hepatocytes substantially against oxyradicals generated with xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine. The protection was dose dependent and surpassed that given by such antioxidants as ascorbate, mannitol, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and Trolox, when each was examined at or near its optimal concentration in the same system. When 1.5,3, and 6 μmol of purpurogallin in saline were infused into rats with postischemic livers shortly before reperfusion, the mean hepatic salvages were 42, 76, and 86%, respectively. Such salvage effects would rank purpurogallin highly among the hepatoprotectors known. Over the range of 31 to 500 μM, purpurogallin inhibited the rate of O2 consumption in the xanthine oxidase reaction by ~90%, which was 2- to several-fold higher than the inhibition elicited by allopurinol over the same concentrations. Thus, purpurogallin is an effective natural hepatoprotector that may operate partly or principally as an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.Key words: purpurogallin, hepato-protection, xanthine oxidase inhibition.

scholarly journals Anti-Hyperuricemic and Uricosuric Potential of Berberis vulgaris in Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemic Rats

Dose-Response ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 155932582110403
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Saeed Ahmad ◽  
Tayyeba Rehman ◽  
Aymen Owais Ghauri ◽  
Sana Khalid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Berberis Vulgaris ◽  
Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition

Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disorder with characteristic elevated serum uric acid. Recently, several plant-based medicines are being used for the treatment of hyperuricemia. The study aimed to find the hypouricemic potential of Berberis vulgaris in in-vitro and in-vivo study models. In i n-vitro studies, xanthine oxidase inhibition assay was performed to evaluate IC50 value and capsule absorbance of the drug, respectively. For in-vivo experiment, the study comprised 15 groups of rats. In-vitro results revealed that significant xanthine oxidase inhibition was shown by Berberis vulgaris with an IC50 value of 272.73±.3 μg/mL. Similarly, oral administration of Berberis vulgaris with dosages of 250 and 500 mg/kg decreased serum and liver uric acid levels significantly in a dose- and time-dependent manner in oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rats. Furthermore, 3-day and 7-day administration of Berberis vulgaris showed more potential compared to 1-day administrations. The present study indicated marked hypouricemic effects of Berberis vulgaris in rats. Due to caveat of the small sample size, a firm assumption of the hypouricemic effect of Berberis vulgaris cannot be made. However, extensive study is needed to find out the exact molecular mechanism involved and to translate its effects into clinical trials for the further validation of the results.

scholarly journals In-vitro antioxidant, Xanthine oxidase-inhibitory and in-vivo Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic activity of Onopordum acanthium

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofiane Habibatni ◽  
Abdessalam Fatma Zohra ◽  
Hani Khalida ◽  
Sirajudheen Anwar ◽  
Iman Mansi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Onopordum Acanthium ◽  
Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition

<p><em>Onopordum acanthium</em> (Scotch thistle) belong to Asteraceae (Compositae). <em>O. acanthium</em> is a flowering biennial plant native to Europe and Western Asia with coarse spiny leaves 20-50 cm in width with conspicuous and spiny-winged stems. We have previously reported pro-apoptotic and cytotoxic effect of <em>Onopordum acanthium</em> crude extract against glioblastoma U-373 cells. The present study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxicity, antioxidant, xanthine oxidase inhibition, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic activity of butanolic extract of <em>Onopordum acanthium</em>. Cytotoxicity of different solvent (methanolic, butanol, chloroform and petroleum ether) extract studied by brine shrimp lethality bioassay, total flavonoid and phenolic, antioxidant, xanthine oxidase inhibition activity was studied by <em>in-vitro</em> whereas anti- inflammation studied by carrageenan-induced paw edema model, antipyretic with 20 % brew yeast injection induced pyretic model, analgesic with 1 % acetic acid induced analgesic model investigated in <em>in-vivo </em><em>in</em> wistar rats. Good antioxidant activity was found with IC50 = 134.4 µg/ml with considerable amount of total phenolic and flavonoid content. Xanthine oxidase inhibition effect was weak with IC50 = 572.9 µg/ml. Oral administration of <em>O. Acanthium</em> butanolic extract (OA) showed minimum lethality of brine shrimp nauplii henceforth OA butanolic phases was selected for further <em>in-vivo</em> studies. OA 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight decreased the oedema by 37.78 % and 40.52 %, respectively; standard aspirin 100 mg/kg decreased 42.62 % at 5th hour of Carrageenan injection.  OA 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly decreased acetic acid-induced abdominal writhes when compared to standard aspirin. OA have shown dose and time dependent decrease in body temperature in yeast induced pyrexia, comparable to standard, aspirin. The present results demonstrate that OA has notable anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic activity related to presence of phenolic compounds as from literature it has been demonstrated that isolated compounds from aerial parts of <em>Onopordum acanthium </em>had strong activity in <em>in-vitro</em> assay.  </p>

scholarly journals Optimization of the Extraction Conditions and Biological Evaluation of Dendropanax morbifera H. Lev as an Anti-Hyperuricemic Source

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Sik Cho ◽  
Seung-Hui Song ◽  
Chul-Yung Choi ◽  
Kyung Park ◽  
Jung-Hyun Shim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Dendropanax Morbifera ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Dendropanax morbifera H. Levis a medicinal plant native to South Korea, East Asia, and South America. Among some 75 species, one species grows in Korea. In previous studies, D. morbifera extracts with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-complementary and anti-cancer activities were reported. The present study aims to investigate optimization of extraction and evaluation of anti-hyperuricemic effects of D. morbifera leaf and the phytochemicals contained therein. Ethanol and hexane extract were found to display the best xanthine oxidase inhibition among six types of solvent and water extract. The antioxidant effect of the ethanol extract was superior to that of the hexane extract. The DPPH radical scavenging effect of the ethanol and hexane extracts were 81.52 ± 1.57% and 2.69 ± 0.16. The reducing power of the ethanol and hexane extracts were 9.71 ± 0.15 and 0.89 ± 0.01 mg/g equivalent of gallic acid. Total phenols of the ethanol and hexane extracts were 6.53 ± 0.16 and 0.63 ± 0.001 mg/g equivalent of gallic acid. In addition, we compared the two marker compounds from D. morbifera, chlorogenic acid and rutin, which were determined in the ethanol extract at 0.80 ± 0.03% and 0.52 ± 0.01%, respectively. We found that the ethanol extracts showed better xanthine oxidase inhibition than hexane extracts. Especially, ethanol extracts showed higher antioxidant activity than hexane extracts. Based on these results, we selected the ethanol extract as an effective xanthine oxidase inhibitor and confirmed whether ethanol extracts showed xanthine oxidase inhibition in animal experiments. The in vivo mouse study demonstrated that ethanol extract of D. morbifera leaf at the dose of 300 mg/kg could inhibit blood/hepatic xanthine oxidase activity and this result shows that the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity in vitro is reproduced in vivo. The present study showed that ethanol extract was optimal xanthine oxidase inhibitor which can be applied to prevent diseases related to hyperuricemia.

Xanthine Oxidase Deficiency: Studies of a Previously Unreported Case

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1076-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward W Holmes ◽  
David H Mason ◽  
Leonard I Goldstein ◽  
Robert E Blount ◽  
William N Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Orotic Acid ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Oxidase Deficiency ◽  
Familial Disorder ◽  
Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition

Abstract Xanthinuria is a familial disorder of purine metabolism that results from a marked deficiency of xanthine oxidase (EC 1.2.3.2) activity. We report here the clinical and biochemical features of a new case of xanthinuria. Serum urate concentration was 0.8 mg/100 ml, urinary uric acid excretion was 16 mg per day, urinary oxypurine excretion was 1630 µmol per day, and total purine excretion was 314 mg per day. After allopurinol was administered, total purine excretion was 323 mg per day and erythrocyte phosphoribosylpyrophosphate content was unchanged. The ratio (by wt) of xanthine to hypoxanthine in the urine was 4.6 before and 9.6 after allopurinol was administered to this patient. Both allopurinol and oxipurinol were detectable in urine. Orotic acid and orotidine excretion increased from undetectable amounts (&lt;2 mg per day) to 47 and 86 mg per day, respectively. These data suggest that this xanthinuric subject has a markedly decreased xanthine oxidase activity, although some residual activity may be functional in vivo. It is probable that he re-utilizes purine so extensively that hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8) is virtually saturated with hypoxanthine and xanthine in vivo. In addition, these data indicate that the increase in orotic acid and orotidine seen in normal and gouty subjects taking allopurinol is not a direct consequence of xanthine oxidase inhibition, but probably an effect of allopurinol or one of its metabolites on pyrimidine biosynthesis.

Novel palladium (II) complexes with tetradentate thiosemicarbazones. Synthesis, characterization, in vitro cytotoxicity and xanthine oxidase inhibition

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1187-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilşad Özerkan ◽  
Onur Ertik ◽  
Buşra Kaya ◽  
Serap Erdem Kuruca ◽  
Refiye Yanardag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition

scholarly journals Composition and Comprehensive Antioxidant Activity of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Essential Oil from Ecuador

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Höferl ◽  
Ivanka Stoilova ◽  
Juergen Wanner ◽  
Erich Schmidt ◽  
Leopold Jirovetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition

In the present study, the chemical composition and antioxidant potential of an essential oil of ginger rhizomes from Ecuador was elucidated. The analysis of the essential oil by GC/FID/MS resulted in identification of 71 compounds, of which the main are citral (geranial 10.5% and neral 9.1%), α-zingiberene (17.4%), camphene (7.8%), α-farnesene (6.8%) and β-sesquiphellandrene (6.7%). The in vitro antioxidant activity of the essential oil expressed by IC50 in descending order is: hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging (0.0065 μg/mL) > chelating capacity (0.822 μg/mL) > 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical cation (ABTS•+) scavenging (3.94 μg/mL) > xanthine oxidase inhibition (138.0 μg/mL) > oxygen radical (CV) scavenging (404.0 μg/mL) > 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) scavenging (675 μg/mL). Lipid peroxidation inhibition of the essential oil was less efficient than butylhydroxy-toluol (BHT) in both stages, i.e. hydroperoxide and malondialdehyde formation. In vivo studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae demonstrated a significant dose-dependent increase in antioxidant marker enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), blocking the oxidation processes in yeast cells. Moreover, ginger essential oil in concentrations of 1.6 mg/mL increases the viability of cells to oxidative stress induced by H2O2.

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