Expansion of phospholipid pool size of rat intestinal villus cells during fat absorption

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Shaikh ◽  
A. Kuksis
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Fat Absorption ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Microsomal Membranes ◽  
Single Meal ◽  
Intestinal Mucosal Cells ◽  
Phospholipid Pool

The effect of fat absorption upon the phospholipid pool size of the intestinal mucosal cells was determined in rats receiving fatty emulsions as a bolus by stomach tube or as multiple meals in the form of fat-laden laboratory chow. The phospholipid content of the mucosal scrapings and of the isolated villus cells was determined 3 to 34 h after the meals and was compared with the phospholipid content of cells from similar animals receiving water alone or 10% sucrose in water. It was shown that continuously fed animals averaged 5–10% and single meal fed animals up to 40% higher phospholipid content in their mucosal cells than the corresponding controls, when compared per milligram cell protein. The expansion of the phospholipid pool involved all phospholipid classes and correlated well with the phospholipid composition of prechylomicrons and of microsomal membranes, which undergo a significant proliferation during fat absorption. The apparent lower expansion of the phospholipid pool in the continuously fed animals correlated with the lower triacylglycerol content of the lumen and of the cells at these times.

Further evidence for enhanced phospholipid synthesis by rat jejunal villus cells during fat absorption

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 370-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Shaikh ◽  
A. Kuksis
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Fat Absorption ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Relative Specific Activity ◽  
Phospholipid Classes ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Phospholipid Pool

The effect of fat absorption on the phospholipid turnover of rat intestinal mucosa was determined in animals receiving single fatty meals by stomach tube or multiple meals in the form of corn-oil-soaked laboratory chow diet. The specific activity and relative specific activity of the total phospholipids and of individual phospholipid classes were measured in the isolated jejunal villus cells of fasting and fat-fed animals following an injection of radioactive inorganic phosphate 0.5–31 h prior to sacrifice, which was scheduled to coincide with the peak of fat absorption (2.5–3 h after the last meal). It was shown that the relative specific activity of the fat-absorbing cells increased by about 33% when the samples were taken 0.5 h after intravenous injection of radioactive phosphate. Samples taken 11 and 31 h after the introduction of the radioactive phosphate showed about 16% decrease in the relative specific activity of the phospholipids of the fat-absorbing cells when compared with the fasting controls. These changes in the relative specific activity of the total phospholipids included all phospholipid classes and corresponded to the recently described expansion of the cellular phospholipid pool owing partly to increased de novo synthesis of the membrane phospholipids. The present results are consistent with the known biochemical and physiological changes taking place in the mucosal cells during fat absorption and transport and find support in various less direct biochemical and morphometric measurements.

Bacterial-Mucosal Cell Junctional Complexes

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
Roger C. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Mucosal Cell ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Mucosal Lining ◽  
Degenerative Alterations ◽  
Junctional Complexes ◽  
Intestinal Mucosal Cells

Bacteria exhibit the ability to adhere to the apical surfaces of intestinal mucosal cells. These attachments either precede invasion of the intestinal wall by the bacteria with accompanying inflammation and degeneration of the mucosa or represent permanent anchoring sites where the bacteria never totally penetrate the mucosal cells.Endemic gram negative bacteria were found attached to the surface of mucosal cells lining the walls of crypts in the rat colon. The bacteria did not intrude deeper than 0.5 urn into the mucosal cells and no degenerative alterations were detectable in the mucosal lining.

Fine Structural Localization of Acyltransferases Involved in Lipid Synthesis in Intestinal Mucosa.

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
R. J. Barrnett ◽  
J. A. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Mucosal Cell ◽  
Structural Localization ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Initial Appearance ◽  
Sh Group ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Intestinal Mucosal Cells

The main products of intestinal hydrolysis of dietary triglycerides are free fatty acids and monoglycerides. These form micelles from which the lipids are absorbed across the mucosal cell brush border. Biochemical studies have indicated that intestinal mucosal cells possess a triglyceride synthesising system, which uses monoglyceride directly as an acylacceptor as well as the system found in other tissues in which alphaglycerophosphate is the acylacceptor. The former pathway is used preferentially for the resynthesis of triglyceride from absorbed lipid, while the latter is used mainly for phospholipid synthesis. Both lipids are incorporated into chylomicrons. Morphological studies have shown that during fat absorption there is an initial appearance of fat droplets within the cisternae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and that these subsequently accumulate in the golgi elements from which they are released at the lateral borders of the cell as chylomicrons.We have recently developed several methods for the fine structural localization of acyltransferases dependent on the precipitation, in an electron dense form, of CoA released during the transfer of the acyl group to an acceptor, and have now applied these methods to a study of the fine structural localization of the enzymes involved in chylomicron lipid biosynthesis. These methods are based on the reduction of ferricyanide ions by the free SH group of CoA.

Glutathione Replacement Preserves the Functional Surfactant Phospholipid Pool Size and Decreases Sepsis-Mediated Lung Dysfunction in Ethanol-Fed Rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1245-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Velasquez ◽  
Rabih I. Bechara ◽  
James F. Lewis ◽  
Jaret Malloy ◽  
Lynda McCaig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pool Size ◽  
Lung Dysfunction ◽  
Phospholipid Pool

scholarly journals Lung surfactant in a cystic fibrosis animal model: increased alveolar phospholipid pool size without altered composition and surface tension function in cftrm1HGU/m1HGU mice

Thorax ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 723-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bernhard ◽  
J. Y. Wang ◽  
T. Tschernig ◽  
B. Tummler ◽  
H. J. Hedrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Lung Surfactant ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Phospholipid Pool

scholarly journals Effects of soy protein isolate hydrolysates on cholecystokinin released by rat intestinal mucosal cells and food intake in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 4459-4468
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Qing-qi Guo ◽  
Hua-nan Guan ◽  
Wojciech Piekoszewski ◽  
Bing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Soy Protein Isolate ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Intestinal Mucosal Cells

Effect of fetal exposure to gentamicin on phosphate transport in young rat kidney

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (6) ◽  
pp. F807-F812
Author(s):  
M. Lelievre-Pegorier ◽  
S. Euzet ◽  
C. Merlet-Benichou
Keyword(s):  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Phosphate Transport ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Postnatal Maturation ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Total Phospholipid Content

The renal phosphate (Pi)-transporting capacity normally increases, due to increased carrier system affinity, during the third postnatal week in rats. However, the tubular Pi reabsorption of rat pups born from gentamicin-treated mothers does not increase during this period. This study determines whether exposure to gentamicin in utero selectively alters the postnatal maturation of the carrier affinity for Pi. Pi and glucose transports by proximal tubule brush-border membrane (BBM) were studied. The maximal rate of uptake (Vmax) of Na-Pi cotransport was significantly lower (536 +/- 169 pmol.mg protein-1.10 s-1; n = 6, P < 0.01) in gentamicin-exposed rats than in controls (1,021 +/- 167 pmol.mg protein-1.10 s-1, n = 6), whereas the Michaelis constant (Km) values were the same. Gentamicin exposure had no effect on plasma parathyroid hormone concentration or on BBM glucose transport activity. The total phospholipid content of BBM, their phospholipid composition, cholesterol content, and cholesterol-to-total phospholipid mole ratio were unaltered, suggesting that membrane fluidity was unchanged. The Vmax of BBM alkaline phosphatase was lower in gentamicin-exposed rats than in controls.

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