Lipid Composition and Synthesis in the Muscles of Normal and Dystrophic Chickens

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1267-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Foon Chio ◽  
D. W. Peterson ◽  
F. H. Kratzer
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Pectoral Muscle ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Normal Muscle ◽  
Dystrophic Muscle ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The lipids of the superficial pectoral muscle of 5-week-old normal and dystrophic New Hampshire chickens were fractionated by thin-layer chromatography procedures. Total lipid in the dystrophic muscle was fivefold greater than in normal muscle with the triglycerides 15-fold greater and the phospholipids 1.5-fold greater (wet weight basis). The relative proportions of phospholipids were quite similar except for significantly less phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid in the dystrophic muscle. In another study acetate-2-14C was injected intraperitoneally into normal and dystrophic chickens which were killed at various times up to 7 days after the administration. The dystrophic birds incorporated acetate-2-14C to a greater extent into total lipids, triglycerides, and phospholipids of the muscle than normal chickens. The turnover times for both triglycerides and phospholipids were much greater in dystrophic than in normal chickens with the triglycerides showing a longer time than the phospholipids. In vitro incubation of acetate-2-14C with muscle slices showed a greater rate of incorporation into lipid by dystrophic than by normal muscle. These results indicate that the difference in acetate incorporation between normal and dystrophic muscle was due to metabolism in the muscle itself and not entirely a result of mobilization of lipid from other tissues.

scholarly journals Myofibrillar protein degradation in the chicken 3-Methylhistidine release in vivo and in vitro in normal and genetically muscular-dystrophic chickens

1981 ◽  
Vol 196 (2) ◽  
pp. 591-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bradley Hillgartner ◽  
Anne S. Williams ◽  
James A. Flanders ◽  
Dexter Morin ◽  
Robert J. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Pectoral Muscle ◽  
Myofibrillar Protein ◽  
Normal Muscle ◽  
Dystrophic Muscle ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Release In Vitro

Myofibrillar protein degradation was measured in 4-week-old normal (line 412) and genetically muscular-dystrophic (line 413) New Hampshire chickens by monitoring the rates of 3-methylhistidine excretion in vivo and in vitro. A method of perfusing breast and wing muscles was developed and the rate of 3-methylhistidine release in vitro was measured between 30 and 90min of perfusion. During this perfusion period, 3-methylhistidine release from the muscle preparation was linear, indicating that changes in 3-methylhistidine concentration of the perfusate were the result of myofibrillar protein degradation. Furthermore, the viability of the perfused muscle was maintained during this interval. After 60min of perfusion, ATP, ADP and creatine phosphate concentrations in pectoral muscle were similar to muscle freeze-clamped in vivo. Rates of glucose uptake and lactate production were constant during the perfusion. In dystrophic-muscle preparations, the rate of 3-methylhistidine release in vitro (nmol/h per g of dried muscle) was elevated 2-fold when compared with that in normal muscle. From these data the fractional degradation rates of myofibrillar protein in normal and dystrophic pectoral muscle were calculated to be 12 and 24% respectively. Daily 3-methylhistidine excretion (nmol/day per g body wt.) in vivo was elevated 1.35-fold in dystrophic chickens. Additional studies revealed that the anti-dystrophic drugs diphenylhydantoin and methylsergide, which improve righting ability of dystrophic chickens, did not alter 3-methylhistidine release in vitro. This result implies that changes in myofibrillar protein turnover are not the primary lesion in avian muscular dystrophy. From tissue amino acid analysis, the myofibrillar 3-methylhistidine content per g dry weight of muscle was similar in normal and dystrophic pectoral muscle. More than 96% of the 3-methylhistidine present in pectoral muscle was associated with the myofibrillar fraction. Dystrophic myofibrillar protein contained significantly less 3-methylhistidine (nmol/g of myofibrillar protein) than protein from normal muscle. This observation supports the hypothesis that there may be a block in the biochemical maturation and development of dystrophic muscle after hatching. Free 3-methylhistidine (nmol/g wet wt.) was elevated in dystrophic muscle, whereas blood 3-methylhistidine concentrations were similar in both lines. In summary, the increased myofibrillar protein catabolism demonstrated in dystrophic pectoral muscle correlates with the increased lysosomal cathepsin activity in this tissue as reported by others.

BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY: VI. INCORPORATION OF URIDINE-2-14C INTO RNA OF VARIOUS TISSUE OF NORMAL AND DYSTROPHIC MICE

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1419-1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uma Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Normal Muscle ◽  
Dystrophic Muscle ◽  
Progressive Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Dystrophic Mice

Normal and dystrophic mice were injected intravenously with uridine-2-14C at various stages of the disease. Radioactivity in the acid-soluble fraction of most of the tissues studied was unchanged or not significantly different in dystrophic animals. In vivo incorporation of uridine-2-14C into RNA increased in dystrophic muscle as compared to normal muscle at 30 days, remained the same at 60 days, and was reduced at 90 days. Similar results were also observed on the in vitro incorporation of uridine-2-14C catalyzed by homogenates of normal and dystrophic muscle. Dystrophic brain and pancreas showed a decrease in the incorporation at each stage investigated as compared to controls. No change in the incorporation was noted in dystrophic and normal liver, kidney, spleen, and heart. The decrease in uridine-2-14C incorporation in dystrophic muscle at 90 days could be due to an increased RNA content. Such a phenomenon was explained as due to infiltration of dystrophic muscle by invading macrophages.It is concluded that the metabolism of RNA is not decreased in the dystrophic muscle in preliminary stages of the disease as compared to the control.

HUMAN PROSTATIC CARCINOMA: SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN ITS ANDROGEN BINDING AND METABOLISM COMPARED TO THE HUMAN BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY

1978 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Krieg ◽  
I. Grobe ◽  
K. D. Voigt ◽  
E. Altenähr ◽  
H. Klosterhalfen
Keyword(s):  
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy ◽  
Prostatic Hypertrophy ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Receptor Concentration ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
Layer Chromatography

ABSTRACT The in vitro binding of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT), oestradiol-17β (Oe2) and methyltrienolone (R1881) was quantified in the 100 000 × g cytosol of 14 human prostatic carcinomas (PCA) by agargel electrophoresis, and compared, in part, to respective data obtained from human benign prostatic hypertrophy (BHP) samples. Furthermore, the in vitro metabolism of added 5α-DHT, testosterone (T) and 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol in 10 of the 14 PCA, and for comparison, in 16 BPH samples, was analyzed by thin-layer chromatography, after a 30 min incubation period at 37°C. The main results were as follows: 1) Besides a sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) binding peak, in each of the 14 PCA cytosols a [3H]5α-DHT receptor binding could be demonstrated. By competition studies with unlabelled 5α-DHT a mean 5α-DHT receptor concentration of 30.9 fmol/mg cytosol protein (CP) (range 6.0–93.5) was calculated. In each of 7 cytosolic aliquots, incubated parallely with Oe2, an Oe2-binding to the receptor could be demonstrated, the concentration amounting to 8.4 fmol/mg CP (range 4.2–14.3). Simultaneous receptor quantification with R1881 in 4 cases revealed results, which are identical with the respective 5α-DHT data. 2) Dividing the PCA samples in group A (n = 6), consisting exclusively of adenocarcinomas, and group B (n = 8), consisting predominantly of a cribriform or cribriform and low differentiated tumour type, group B has a significantly (P < 0.05) higher assayable receptor concentration than group A. Comparing the total PCA with the BPH group, the former group has significantly (P < 0.04) higher levels of 5α-DHT receptor sites. 3) Comparing the mean cytosolic SHBG concentration of the PCA (93.2 fmol/mg CP) with the BPH (39.9 fmol/mg CP), the difference is significant (P < 0.01). Furthermore with respect to the PCA, there exists a significantly (P < 0.02) positive correlation between the plasmatic and cytosolic SHBG concentration. 4) The metabolic studies revealed that much more of the added T or 5α-DHT remains unmetabolized in the PCA than in the BPH. After T incubation, the amount of identified 5α-DHT plus 5α-androstanediols is on average 15 % lower in the PCA compared to the BPH. If 5α-DHT is added, the amount of identified 5α-androstanediols is on average 47 % lower in the PCA than in the BPH.

On the Role of Transferrin in 67Ga Uptake by Tumor Cells

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 151-153
Author(s):  
P. Thouvenot ◽  
F. Brunotte ◽  
J. Robert ◽  
L. J. Anghileri
Keyword(s):  
Specific Binding ◽  
Subcellular Fractionation ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sarcoma Cells ◽  
In Vitro Uptake

In vitro uptake of 67Ga-citrate and 59Fe-citrate by DS sarcoma cells in the presence of tumor-bearing animal blood plasma showed a dramatic inhibition of both 67Ga and 59Fe uptakes: about ii/io of 67Ga and 1/5o of the 59Fe are taken up by the cells. Subcellular fractionation appears to indicate no specific binding to cell structures, and the difference of binding seems to be related to the transferrin chelation and transmembrane transport differences

Enhancement of ADP-induced Platelet Aggregation by Adrenaline in Vivo and Its Prevention

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 490-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroh Yamazaki ◽  
Itsuro Kobayashi ◽  
Tadahiro Sano ◽  
Takio Shimamoto
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
Important Interaction ◽  
Blood Coagulability ◽  
The Difference

SummaryThe authors previously reported a transient decrease in adhesive platelet count and an enhancement of blood coagulability after administration of a small amount of adrenaline (0.1-1 µg per Kg, i. v.) in man and rabbit. In such circumstances, the sensitivity of platelets to aggregation induced by ADP was studied by an optical density method. Five minutes after i. v. injection of 1 µg per Kg of adrenaline in 10 rabbits, intensity of platelet aggregation increased to 115.1 ± 4.9% (mean ± S. E.) by 10∼5 molar, 121.8 ± 7.8% by 3 × 10-6 molar and 129.4 ± 12.8% of the value before the injection by 10”6 molar ADP. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01-0.05). The above change was not observed in each group of rabbits injected with saline, 1 µg per Kg of 1-noradrenaline or 0.1 and 10 µg per Kg of adrenaline. Also, it was prevented by oral administration of 10 mg per Kg of phenoxybenzamine or propranolol or aspirin or pyridinolcarbamate 3 hours before the challenge. On the other hand, the enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation was not observed in vitro, when 10-5 or 3 × 10-6 molar and 129.4 ± 12.8% of the value before 10∼6 molar ADP was added to citrated platelet rich plasma (CPRP) of rabbit after incubation at 37°C for 30 second with 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 µg per ml of adrenaline or noradrenaline. These results suggest an important interaction between endothelial surface and platelets in connection with the enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by adrenaline in vivo.

Reliability of a Single β-Thromboglobulin Measurement in a Diabetic Population : Importance of PGE1 in Anticoagulant Mixture

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (02) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Y Scarabin ◽  
L Strain ◽  
C A Ludlam ◽  
J Jones ◽  
E M Kohner
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Single Measurement ◽  
Diabetic Population ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vitro Release

SummaryDuring the collection of samples for plasma β-thromboglobulin (β-TG) determination, it is well established that artificially high values can be observed due to in-vitro release. To estimate the reliability of a single β-TG measurement, blood samples were collected simultaneously from both arms on two separate occasions in 56 diabetic patients selected for a clinical trial. From each arm, blood was taken into two tubes containing an anticoagulant mixture with (tube A) and without (tube B) PGE!. The overall mean value of B-TG in tube B was 1.14 times higher than in tube A (p <0.01). The markedly large between-arms variation accounted for the most part of within-subject variation in both tubes and was significantly greater in tube B than in tube A. Based on the difference between B-TG values from both arms, the number of subjects with artifically high B-TG values was significantly higher in tube B than in tube A on each occasion (overall rate: 28% and 14% respectively). Estimate of between-occasions variation showed that B-TG levels were relatively stable for each subject between two occasions in each tube. It is concluded that the use of PGEi decreases falsely high B-TG levels, but a single measurement of B-TG does not provide a reliable estimate of the true B-TG value in vivo.

Pertumbuhan Dan Perkembangan Anggrek Dendrobium anosmum Pada Media Kultur In Vitro Dengan Beberapa Konsentrasi Air Kelapa

Agrologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tuhuteru ◽  
Meity L Hehanussa ◽  
Simon H.T Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Dendrobium anosmum is one of natural orchids in Indonesia. Optimization of medium composition for orchid propagation through in vitro culture is necessary to enhance propagule multiplication capabilities and quality. This study was aimed to study the influence of concentration of coconut water in culture medium on in vitro growth and development of D. anosmum orchid species and to determine the optimal coconut water concentration in culture media.  The experiment were arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and eight replications. The treatments consisted of the addition of coconut water with concentrations: 0 ml•l -1 (control), 50 ml•l-1, 100 ml•l-1 and 150 ml•l-1. The results showed that addition of coconut water in culture medium gave different effect on shoot growth and multiplication of D. anosmum orchids.  Coconut water concentration of 100 ml•l-1 was the best concentration for growth and multiplication of D. anosmum orchids, based on both shoots and roots growth, plantlet height and wet weight.

EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH MANGGIS (Garcinia Mangostana L.) SEBAGAI OBAT ANTI DIARE

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Zaim Anshari ◽  
Chrismis Novalinda Ginting ◽  
Linda Chiuman ◽  
Yuliani Mardiati Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Pharmacology And Toxicology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Papaverine Hydrochloride

This study aims to determine whether mangosteen rind extract (in the form of ethanol extract/EE) can be used as an anti-diarrhea drug after compared with other anti-diarrhea substances in three experimental groups. This research is an in vitro experimental study using adult male guinea pigs weighing 400-600 gr through the standard method of Magnus with the Latin square controlled experiment design. The study was conducted at the Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of North Sumatra. The results showed that the contraction of ileum in Ach with Atp + Ach compared the difference in contraction of ileum Ach with EE + Ach showed the difference in difference between the two contractions of the ileum was significant, the contraction of ileum in His with Dip + His compared indifference in contraction of ileum His with EE + His showed a difference indifference. the two ileal contractions are significant, the ileal contraction in the bar with Papa + Bar compared to the difference between the ileum bar contraction with EE + Bar shows no difference in the difference between the two ileum contractions. The conclusion is that the Mangosteen Skin Ethanol Extract works similarly to Papaverine Hydrochloride which is an antidiarrheal drug used to relax smooth muscles so that it can also make blood vessels dilate by relaxing smooth muscles in the walls of blood vessels.

Phytochemical, Analytical and Medicinal Studies of Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb. Planch - A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Simranjeet Singh ◽  
Ragini Bhadouria ◽  
Ravindra Singh ◽  
Om Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb. Planch (HI) has been used to treat various ailments including obesity, osteoarthritis, arthritis, inflammation, anemia, diabetes etc. To review the major phytochemicals and medicinal properties of HI, exhaustive bibliographic research was designed by means of various scientific search engines and databases. Only 12 phytochemicals have been reported including biologically active compounds like betulin, betulinic acid, epifriedlin, octacosanol, Friedlin, Holoptelin-A and Holoptelin-B. Analytical methods including the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Liquid Chromatography With Mass Spectral (LC-MS) analysis have been used to analyze the HI. From medicinal potency point of view, these phytochemicals have a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor. In the current review, it has been noticed that the mechanism of action of HI with biomolecules has not been fully explored. Pharmacology and toxicological studies are very few. This seems a huge literature gap to be fulfilled through the detailed in-vivo and in-vitro studies.

scholarly journals Efficacy of loading dose colistin versus carbapenems for treatment of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasan Katip ◽  
Jukapun Yoodee ◽  
Suriyon Uitrakul ◽  
Peninnah Oberdorfer
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Response ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Loading Dose ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Clinical Utilization ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Infection Types ◽  
Intra Abdominal Infection

AbstractColistin provides in vitro activity against numerous ESBL-producing and carbapenem-resistant bacteria. However, clinical information with respect to its utilization in infection caused by ESBL producers is limited. The aim of this study was a comparison of mortality rates of loading dose (LD) colistin and carbapenems as definitive therapies in a cohort of patients with infections caused by ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. A retrospective cohort study in 396 patients with ESBL-producing E.coli and K.pneumoniae infection at a university-affiliated hospital was conducted between 1 January 2005 and 30 June 2015 to compare outcomes of infected patients who received LD colistin (95 patients) with carbapenems (301 patients). The three primary outcomes were 30-day mortality, clinical response and microbiological response. The most common infection types were urinary tract infection (49.49%), followed by pneumonia (40.66%), bacteremia (13.64%), skin and soft tissue infections (4.80%) and intra-abdominal infection (3.03%). LD colistin group provided higher 30-day mortality when compared with carbapenems group (HR 7.97; 95% CI 3.68 to 17.25; P = 0.001). LD colistin was also independently associated with clinical failure (HR 4.30; 95% CI 1.93 to 9.57; P = 0.001) and bacteriological failure (HR 9.49; 95% CI 3.76 to 23.96; P = 0.001) when compared with those who received carbapenems. LD colistin treatment was associated with poorer outcomes, i.e. mortality rate, clinical response and microbiological response. Moreover, when adjusted confounding factors, LD colistin was still less effective than carbapenems. It should be noted that, however, the use of Vitek-2 to assess colistin susceptibility could provide inaccurate results. Also, the difference in baseline characteristics could still remain in retrospective study although compensation by hazard ratio adjustment was performed. Therefore, clinical utilization of LD colistin should be recommended as an alternative for treatment ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae only in the circumstances where carbapenems cannot be utilized, but this recommendation must be considered carefully.

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