A Role of Cytidine 5′-Diphosphocholine in the Transfer of N-Acetylglncosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine into Endogenous Acceptor Lipids and Proteins in Rat and Hen Liver Microsomes

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1094-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sailen Mookerjea ◽  
D. E. C. Cole ◽  
A. Chow ◽  
Pamela Letts
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Lipid Product ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Temperature Optima

Evidence is presented for the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine into lipids by cell-free preparations of rat and hen livers. CDP-choline stimulates the formation of this carbohydrate–lipid product. Triton is required for this reaction and for promoting the CDP-choline effect. Requirements for divalent cations, Triton, pH, and temperature optima have been established. The total microsomes, rough microsomes, and Golgi-depleted fractions of rat liver, but not the Golgi-rich membrane fractions, are active in the formation of carbohydrate–lipid product and are responsive to CDP-choline.The labeled lipid–carbohydrate product is stable to mild alkali but labile to mild acid hydrolysis. Following acid hydrolysis radioactive N-acetylglucosamine was recovered by thin-layer electrophoresis. The radioactive lipid has been separated by thin-layer chromatography. Autoradiography of thin-layer plates showed two or three (only in presence of CDP-choline) radioactive bands. Over 90% of the labeled carbohydrate–lipid product has been isolated by DEAE-cellulose acetate column chromatography by elution with ammoniacal chloroform–methanol mixture.A study of simultaneous incorporation of N-acetylglucosamine-1-14C into lipids and proteins in the microsomes showed that the peak incorporation into lipids and into proteins was 5 and 30 min, respectively. This suggests that N-acetylglucosamine incorporation into protein may be mediated through a lipid–carbohydrate intermediate.

scholarly journals Chemical identity of tryptensin with angiotensin

1980 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Arakawa ◽  
M Yuki ◽  
M Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Cation Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Human Plasma Protein ◽  
Plasma Protein Fraction ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Tryptensin, a vasopressor substance generated from human plasma protein fraction IV-4 by trypsin, has been isolated and the amino acid composition analysed. The procedures used for the isolation were: (a) adsorption of the formed tryptensin on Dowex 50W (X2; NH4+ form); (b) gel filtration through Sephadex G-25; (c) cation-exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose; (d) anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose; (e) re-chromatography on CM-cellulose; (f) gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-2; (g) partition chromatography on high-pressure liquid chromatography. The homogeneity of the isolated tryptensin was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography and thin-layer electrophoresis. The amino acid analysis of the hydrolysate suggested the following proportional composition: Asp, 1; Val, 1; Ile, 1; Tyr, 1; Phe, 1; His, 1; Arg, 1; Pro, 1. This composition is identical with that of human angiotensin.

scholarly journals THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF LIPID-DEPLETED ROD PHOTORECEPTOR MEMBRANES

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izhak Nir ◽  
Michael O. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Rod Photoreceptor ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Retinal Rod ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Photoreceptor Membranes

The structure of lipid-depleted retinal rod photoreceptor membranes was studied by means of electron microscopy. Aldehyde-fixed retinas were exhaustively extracted with acetone, chloroform-methanol, and acidified chloroform-methanol. The effect of prefixation on the extractability of lipids was evaluated by means of thin-layer chromatography and fatty acid analysis. Prefixation with glutaraldehyde rendered 38% of the phospholipids unextractable, while only 7% were unextractable after formaldehyde fixation. Embedding the retina in a lipid-retaining, polymerizable glutaraldehyde-urea mixture allows a comparison of the interaction of OsO4 with lipid-depleted membranes and rod disk membranes which contain all their lipids. A decrease in electron density and a deterioration of membrane fine structure in lipid-depleted tissue are correlated with the extent of lipid extraction. These observations are indicative of the role of the lipid bilayer in the ultrastructural visualization of membrane structure with OsO4. Negatively stained thin sections of extracted tissue reveal substructures in the lipid-depleted rod membranes. These substructures are probably the opsin molecules which are the major protein component of retinal rod photoreceptor membranes.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND ANALYSIS OF STEROIDAL SAPONINS FROM POLYGONATUM ODORATUM (MILL.) DRUCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Cristina MOGOSAN ◽  
Ilioara ONIGA ◽  
Mircea TAMAS
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Steroidal Saponins ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

We isolated the steroidal saponins from the rhizomes of Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce with an efficiency of 4.50% which represents 7 fractions identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), of which 3 were furostanics and 4 spirostanics. After the acid hydrolysis of the saponins, one aglycone (sapogenine) was identified by TLC. Further, we have determined the physico-chemical and the biological properties of the isolated saponins.

scholarly journals Profile of Thin-Layer Chromatography and UV-Vis Spectrophotometry of Akar Kuning Stem Extract (Arcangelisia flava)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rizki Fadhil Pratama ◽  
Suratno Suratno ◽  
Evi Mulyani
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Retention Factor ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

This study aims to obtain the profile of Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry from ethanol extract of akar kuning stems (Arcangelisia flava) from Central Kalimantan. The TLC method is used with the orientation phase of the combination of polar-non-polar solvents resulting from orientation, while ethanol is used as the solvent for UV-Vis spectrophotometers. TLC results showed the formation of 3 stains on a combination of polar solvents chloroform : methanol : water while in a non-polar solvent combination n-hexane : ethyl acetate did not show any stains. Comparison of retention factor (Rf) values show the best combination of polar solvents to separate stains at a ratio of 5 : 2 : 1, respectively. Separation in 2-dimensional TLC with polar solvents showed a similar pattern with 1-dimensional separation in the form of 3 stains. UV-Vis spectrophotometer results showed 4 main peaks with wavelength 227.2; 267.4; 345.2; and 425.3 nm, respectively. The profile of the peak formed is very similar to that shown by berberine, one of the main metabolites of akar kuning. TLC and UV-Vis spectrophotometers profiles obtained are expected to support further research using akar kuning stems, especially those from Central Kalimantan.

Standardization of Homoeopathic Mother Tincture of Strychnous nux vomica with the help of High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography and correlation of its alkaloid markers with its Toxicological action

2021 ◽  
pp. 4203-4206
Author(s):  
Dharmendra B. Sharma ◽  
Parth Aphale ◽  
Vineet Sinnarkar ◽  
Sohan S. Chitlange ◽  
Asha Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Therapeutic Action ◽  
Aluminium Sheets ◽  
Mother Tincture ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Dark Blue

Background: Chromatography is one of the important laboratory technique in which the components of a mixture are separated on an adsorbent in order to analyze, identify, purify and quantify a mixture. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)is used to support the identity of a compound in a mixture when the Rf of a compound is compared with the Rf of a known compound. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography is a sophisticated and automated form of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The procedure simultaneously processes the sample and standard that results in better analytical precision and accuracy at a faster pace. Pharmacological/ Toxicological action of Nux Vomica is because of its active principles present in the seeds namely strychnine, brucine etc. This research paper aims to corelate the active principles present in Nux Vomica with the toxicological action of the same. Materials and Methods: 1. Standard Nux Vomica mother tincture was tested for its alkaloid markers and its correlation with the toxicological action was studied. 2. Analysis of the mother tincture was done using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography. 3. Stationary phase consisted of TLC Aluminium sheets with silica gel 60 F253 pre-coated layer (20cm x 10cm), thickness-0.2mm, no. of tracks-18, band length-6mm. 4. Mobile Phase consisted of Chloroform: Methanol (9.5:0.5). 5. The plate was developed in developing chamber and observed under U.V. Light. Results: Colours seen on the HPTLC Plates of samples are greenwhich corresponds to strychnine, dark blue which corresponds to brucine, orange to alkaloids fluorescent green to sterols and pink to fatty acids which are evident on the chromatogram. Conclusion: Therapeutic action of Nux Vomica as noted in Homoeopathic Materia Medica is because of the active principles like strychnine, brucine, alkaloids, sterols, fatty acids present in it which is evident from the chromatogram.

EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF AFLATOXIN ON BRICK CHEESE1

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 585-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Shih ◽  
E. H. Marth
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Experimental Production ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Plastic Containers ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Brick cheese was placed in plastic containers and all surfaces except the top were sealed with wax. The top was inoculated with Aspergillus flavus or Aspergillus parasiticus and cheese was incubated in a humid chamber at 7.2, 12.8, and 23.9 C for up to 14 weeks after mold growth was evident. After incubation each cheese was cut horizontally into four layers, each approximately 1 cm thick. Each layer of cheese was extracted with a monophasic-biphasic solvent system (chloroform, methanol, and water). The extract was purified, concentrated, and aflatoxins were measured by thin-layer chromatography and fluorometry. No aflatoxins were produced by either mold at 7.2 C. At 12.8 C, A. parastticus developed aflatoxins B1 and G1 after 1 week of incubation. Aflatoxin produced by this mold persisted through 4 weeks of storage and then was not detectable. Aspergillus flavus did not form aflatoxin at 12.8 C. Both molds produced aflatoxin on cheese at 23.9 C; A. parasiticus did so after 1 week and A. flavus after 14 weeks. In some instances, aflatoxin was found in cheese 4 cm from the surface. It is reasonable to assume that cheese will not become contaminated with aflatoxin if the food is held at or below 7 C.

scholarly journals PHARMACOGNOSTIC SCREENING STUDIES OF JUSTICIA GENDARUSSA BURM. LEAVES FOUND IN DEHRADUN DISTRICT OF UTTARAKHAND

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Nondita Prasad ◽  
Balbir Singh ◽  
Diksha Puri
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

  Objective: Justicia gendarussa Burm. (family Acanthaceae) commonly known as nilinirgundi, is found in Southern India possesses multifarious biological activities due to large range of phytoconstituents. The present study is designed to evaluate the various pharmacognostic parameters of the leaves of J. gendarussa, found in Dehradun district of Uttarakhand for its authentication.Methods: Fresh leaves were taken for the morphological and microscopical (histology and powder) evaluation. Physicochemical parameters (ash values, extractives values, florescence analysis, microbial contamination, and loss on drying) were also performed. Phytochemical screening and thin-layer chromatographic fingerprinting of extracts were also performed to check the presence of various phytoconstituents.Results: The microscopy of the leaves evinced the presence of anisocytic stomata, cuboidal calcium oxalate crystals, cystoliths, multicellular covering trichomes, starch grains and oil globules. The quantitative estimation of total ash, acid insoluble, and water soluble ash values were 13.8%, 1.2%, and 4.5% w/w, respectively. The alcohol soluble and water soluble extractives were estimated as 11.45% and 15.67% w/w, respectively. Foreign organic matter and loss on drying values obtained were 0.23% and 11.2% w/w. Phytochemical screening of petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts ascertained the presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, saponins, tannins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids and triterpenoids. The thin-layer chromatography (TLC) profiling of different extracts revealed the presence of potential compounds which can be further isolated with the help of high-performance liquid chromatography or high-performance TLC.Conclusion: The results of this study provide suitable standards for the authentication of this plant. In the present study, there are certain variations observed from the evaluations done on the same species by other research groups. The probable reason suggested for such disparity is due to the environmental and geographical differences in the locations of the plant collected.

Role of the solvent in thin-layer chromatography of steroids on alumina

1984 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Petrović ◽  
L. A. Kolarov ◽  
Julijana A. Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Layer Chromatography
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document