The Effect of Single and Repeated Injections of Adrenocorticotropin on Lipids in Rat Adrenals

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-256
Author(s):  
M. Palkovič ◽  
L. Macho
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Rat Adrenals ◽  
Triglyceride Content ◽  
Repeated Doses ◽  
Intact Rats

A study of the influence of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) on various adrenal lipid fractions of intact rats indicated that single and repeated doses (3 or 10 days administration) of ACTH had a lipolytic effect on adrenal fat. A decrease of cholesterol and triglyceride content of the adrenal gland after a single dose of ACTH was observed. However, after 3 days injection of ACTH, only the cholesterol concentration diminished. The triglyceride content was the same as that in saline-injected control animals. On the other hand, a significant increase in triglycerides was noted in adrenal gland after 10 days of ACTH injections. No substantial changes in unesterified fatty acids and phospholipids were noted in response to a single dose, or to repeated doses of ACTH.

Lack of protective effect of oral enprostil, a synthetic prostaglandin E2, on intestinal transport and morphology following abdominal irradiation in the rat

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1351-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. R. Thomson ◽  
M. Keelan ◽  
M. T. Clandinin ◽  
M. Tavernini ◽  
T. Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Intestinal Transport ◽  
Mucosal Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intestinal Uptake ◽  
Mucosal Surface Area ◽  
Abdominal Irradiation

Previous studies have demonstrated that abdominal irradiation alters intestinal uptake of nutrients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an orally administered synthetic prostaglandin E2, enprostil, given on three occasions shortly prior to a single exposure to 600 cGy external abdominal irradiation, on intestinal active and passive transport processes and villus morphology measured 7 days later. Animals were sham-irradiated (CONT) or were exposed to a single dose of 600 cGy external abdominal irradiation (RAD); two and one mornings before the day of irradiation or sham irradiation, and 1 h before irradiation or sham irradiation enprostil was administered. One half of CONT and RAD groups were dosed orally with enprostil, 5 μg/kg body weight, and the other half of the CONT and RAD groups were dosed with placebo. Seven days later the in vitro uptake of glucose, galactose, long-chain fatty acids, and cholesterol was determined in the four groups (CONT with and without enprostil, and RAD with and without enprostil). In CONT, enprostil was associated with increased jejunal uptake of glucose and ileal uptake of galactose. In RAD given enprostil, there was increased jejunal uptake of galactose but reduced ileal uptake of glucose and galactose. The expected radiation-associated decline in jejunal galactose uptake was prevented with enprostil. In CONT given enprostil, there was increased jejunal uptake of fatty acid (FA) 14:0 and 16:0 but reduced uptake of FA 18:0, 18:1, and 18:2; enprostil had no effect on lipid uptake in the ileum in CONT. Enprostil had a different effect in RAD, with reduced jejunal uptake of FA 14:0; 16:0, 18:0, 18:3, and cholesterol and reduced ileal uptake of FA 16:0, 18:1, 18:2, 18:3, and cholesterol. Enprostil was associated with a reduced jejunal mucosal surface area in CONT and a reduced ileal mucosal surface area in RAD. The irradiation-associated decline in body weight was not observed in animals given enprostil despite the lack of change in food intake. The alterations in nutrient uptake were not due to differences in food intake, weight change, or mucosal surface area. Thus, enprostil given on three occasions just before a single dose of abdominal irradiation was associated with increased intestinal uptake of galactose, but failed to prevent most of the other irradiation-associated changes in active and passive intestinal transport, and accentuated rather than prevented the irradiation-associated diminution in mucosal surface area.Key words: adaptation, cholesterol, fatty acids, galactose, glucose, ileum, jejunum.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on the composition of the individual lipids of turkey breast and leg muscle

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Neudoerffer ◽  
C. H. Lea
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Anchovy Oil ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Muscle Lipids

1. Groups of turkeys were given, to 10 weeks of age: diets E, basal, containing 2.3% mainly cereal lipid; A, basal plus 2.5% beef fat; B, basal plus 2.5% anchovy oil; C, as B, plus 0.02% ethoxyquin; D, basal plus 5% anchovy oil. Lipids from breast and leg muscle of all five groups were fractionated by thin-layer chromatography into five ‘neutral’ and six phospholipid fractions and the fatty-acid composition of each was determined by gas–liquid chromatography.2. Individual lipid fractions differed widely in fatty-acid composition and in the degree to which they could be influenced by dietary fat supplements. Small but usually consistent differences were observed between corresponding fractions from breast and leg. Sphingomyelin (SP) and lysophosphatidylcholine contained largely saturated acids (76–80%); the other phospholipids were 44–48% and the ‘neutral’ lipids 38–50% saturated. Phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol(PI) and, in less degree, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were rich in stearic acid, though palmitic was much more abundant in the diets and in the other muscle lipids. SP contained no acid more unsaturatedthan linoleic (1–2%). PE and PI were richest in arachidonic and PE and PI in other polyene acids.3. The effects of beef fat on the muscle lipids were small and mainly on the ‘neutral’ fractions.4. The polyunsaturated fatty acids of the fish oil extensively displaced linoleic (and oleic) acids from all fractions (except SP); arachidonic acid was displaced from PE but not from PI.5. The degree to which the fish-oil polyunsaturated acids of the three series entered the muscle lipids varied with the acid and with the fraction. Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) reached a concentration of 20–25% in PE, nearly five times as great as its concentration in the dietary lipid.6. Hydrolysis with phospholipase A showed that most of the unsaturated fatty acids were present in the 2-position of PC and PE, but the positional specificity was not complete, particularly for the less highly unsaturated acids.7. The antioxidant ethoxyquin had no effect on the fatty-acid composition of any of the muscle lipid fractions.

scholarly journals Heparin-releasable lipase activity of rat adrenals, ovaries and testes

1981 ◽  
Vol 196 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Jansen ◽  
W J De Greef
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Triacylglycerol Hydrolase ◽  
Rat Adrenals ◽  
Lipase A

The presence of NaCl-resistant, neutral triacylglycerol hydrolase (lipase) activity in rat adrenal gland, ovary and testis was studied. Both adrenals and ovaries but not testes were found to contain such a lipase. The activity of the enzyme in the adrenal gland was lowered during cortisol treatment and hypothyroidism. An elevated adrenal lipase activity was found during hyperthyroidism. Pseudo-pregnant and lactating rats had higher ovarian lipase activities than cyclic rats. Ovarian lipase activity in lactating rats was positively correlated with the serum concentrations of progesterone and of 20 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and negatively correlated with the high-density-lipoprotein non-esterified cholesterol concentration. The lipase activity of adrenals and of ovaries was largely releasable from these organs by heparin and could be inhibited by an antibody against heparin-releasable liver lipase. This indicated that the lipase is extracellularly located and is similar to ‘liver’ lipase. A possible role of this lipase in adrenals and ovaries is discussed.

scholarly journals Biochemical Changes in Fatty Acids, Hydrocarbons and Sterols as well as Total Lipids of Albino Rats Ingested some Synthetic Colourants and Flavourants as Food Additives

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Hossam S. EL-BELTAGI ◽  
Emam A. ABDEL-RAHIM
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Lipid Fractions

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of ingested synthetic food colourants or flavourants on total lipids content feces. The feces of rats ingested synthetic food colourants or flavourants has more lipids than that of control feces. In treated rat feces some fatty acids were disappeared (C19) or appeared (C14) while the other were increased (C15, C20, C18:2) or decreased (C6) when compared with the control feces. Most of unsaturated fatty acids (un SFA) might bind with the synthetic food colourants or flavourants and secreted in feces, but less consumed than saturated fatty acids (SFA) which, observed on hydrocarbon components, but sterols including cholesterol were more secreted by synthetic food additives treatments. Generally, the increase of total lipids and lipid fractions in feces such as unsaturated fatty acids (un SFA), total sterols (TS) especially cholesterol maybe due to their abilities to bind with food additives and form complex which secreted in feces.

THE LIPIDS IN NORMAL CHICKEN LIVER

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 763-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demetrios Sgoutas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Phosphatidyl Inositol ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cholesterol Esters ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

The livers of male chicks which had been fed a soybean and corn type ration for 8 weeks were exhaustively extracted with chloroform–methanol. The total (4.47%) lipid extract was separated into neutral and phospholipid fractions on a Unisil column and the mixed fatty acids in each fraction determined with the aid of gas chromatography. The neutral lipid fraction contained 3.16% hydrocarbons, 4.73% cholesterol esters, 74.99% triglycerides, 0.28% free fatty acids, 11.57% cholesterol, 3.37% diglycerides, and 1.54% monoglycerides. The phospholipid fraction contained 5.7% cardiolipin, 32.3% phosphatidyl ethanolamine, 7.3% phosphatidyl inositol, 3.0% phosphatidyl serine, 47.9% phosphatidyl choline, and 3.8% sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidyl choline. The cholesterol ester and diglyceride fractions contained twice as much linoleic acid as the other neutral lipid fractions. Phospholipids were characterized by a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Metabolic Studies of Vitamin K1-14C and Menadione-14C in the Normal and Hepatectomized Rats

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Losito ◽  
C. A Owen ◽  
E. V Flock ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
Vitamin K3 ◽  
Metabolic Studies ◽  
Intact Rats

SummaryThe metabolism of vitamin K1- 14C and menadione-14C (vitamin K3-14C) was studied in normal and hepateetomized rats. After the administration of menadione, about 70% of the 14C was excreted in the urine in 24 hrs in both types of rats. Two urinary metabolites were identified by enzymatic hydrolysis: one a glucuronide and the other a sulfate of reduced menadione. Thus, the liver is not necessary for the metabolism of menadione. In the vitamin K1 studies, the intact rats excreted only 10% of the 14C and the hepatectomized rats excreted less than 0.5%. The retention of vitamin K1 may explain its superiority over menadione as an antidote for overdosages of oral anticoagulants.

EFFECT OF FEEDING ETHINYLOESTRADIOL FOR VARIOUS PERIODS BEFORE MATING ON REPRODUCTION IN THE HAMSTER

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-590
Author(s):  
B. K. Davis ◽  
I. Noske ◽  
M. C. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feeding Schedule ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Essentially Normal ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

ABSTRACT Ethinyloestradiol (EO) fed for various periods before mating to female hamsters affected the timing of mating and pregnancy rate. Slight effects on ovulation, foetal-crown rump length and resorption may have occurred, but effects on implantation were not apparent among pregnant hamsters. The response observed depended upon the feeding schedule adopted: hamsters fed 2.5 mg EO in a single dose, on day 3 before mating, mated normally but had a significantly lower pregnancy rate; on the other hand, animals fed 2.5 mg EO (0.21 mg/day) over three oestrous cycles, days 14–3 before mating, showed variations in the time of mating but had an essentially normal pregnancy rate; and, a group of hamsters who received the same total amount of EO (0.63 mg/day) over one oestrous cycle, days 6–3 premating, showed untowards effects by the steroid on both the timing of mating and pregnancy rate. The implications of these results are considered in relation to fertility control.

scholarly journals Egg Quality from Nera Atriana, a Local Poultry Breed of the Abruzzo Region (Italy), and ISA Brown Hens Reared under Free Range Conditions

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Andrea Ianni ◽  
Dayana Bartolini ◽  
Francesca Bennato ◽  
Giuseppe Martino
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Abruzzo Region

The selection and diffusion in the poultry sector of hybrid breeds able to produce higher amount of meat and eggs, led over time to the erosion of genetic resources. One of the strategies that can be applied in order to stem such phenomenon, concerns the valorization of the animal products, meat or eggs, obtained from indigenous poultry breeds. Therefore, the aim of this study is to characterize the qualitative aspects of eggs obtained from the Nera Atriana hen, an Italian indigenous laying hen characteristic of the Abruzzo region, making a direct comparison with a commercial hybrid reared in the same environment and applying the same feeding protocol. The trial was conducted for a period of 5 months (from March to July 2019), in which 6 egg samplings were performed (one at the beginning and additional 5 on a monthly basis); each sampling involved the collection of 15 eggs per group of animals for a total of 90 eggs per genotype. Eggs were specifically subjected to evaluations of the physical parameters, including the yolk color, and analyses aimed at determining the content of total lipids, cholesterol, and β-carotene. In addition to this, the fatty acids profile and the electrophoretic pattern of the globular proteins of the yolk were characterized. Eggs from hybrid hens were characterized by higher total weight with significantly higher values specifically associated to albumen and yolk weight and to the albumen percentage. In the eggs obtained from the local hen, higher relative percentages were instead found in the quantity of shell and yolk; furthermore, in the same samples was observed a higher yolk redness, a cholesterol concentration tending to be lower although not significant (p = 0.0521), and a greater amount of saturated fatty acids which could justify a lower susceptibility of the food to oxidative processes following transformation with heat treatments. With regard to the fatty acid composition, differences were specifically observed for palmitic (C16:0) and palmitoleic (C16:1 cis-9) acids that showed higher relative percentages in eggs from local breed, and for the oleic acid (C18:1 cis-9) which was more represented in eggs from commercial hens. In conclusion, some interesting nutritional features, in a preliminary way, have been highlighted that could lead the consumer to prefer these “niche” products over those obtained from commercial hybrids.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Hazelnut Peels on the Contents of Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Tocopherols, and on the Shelf-Life of Ripened Ewe Cheese

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 538
Author(s):  
Vita Maria Marino ◽  
Teresa Rapisarda ◽  
Margherita Caccamo ◽  
Bernardo Valenti ◽  
Alessandro Priolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cholesterol Oxidation ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Chocolate Industry ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Hazelnut peel (HNP), a by-product from the chocolate industry, is considered to be a suitable ingredient to be included in the diet of ruminants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding dairy ewes with a diet containing HNP on ripened cheese quality, including fatty acid (FA) profile, cholesterol, and tocopherol content, as well as stability during storage under commercial conditions. In total, 10 experimental cheeses were produced with bulk milk obtained from ewes fed a commercial concentrate (C group; n = 5) or a concentrate containing 36% HNP in dry matter (HNP group; n = 5). After 40 days of aging, each cheese was sub-sampled into three slices: one was analyzed immediately (C0 and HNP0), and the other two were refrigerated and analyzed after seven days (C7 and HNP7) and 14 days (C14 and HNP14), respectively. Compared to C, HNP cheese had more than twice as many tocopherols and mono-unsaturated FA and respectively 38% and 24% less of cholesterol and saturated FA. Tocopherols and cholesterol levels remained rather stable up to 14 days of storage regardless of the experimental group, suggesting no cholesterol oxidation. Therefore, the inclusion of HNP in ewe diets could be a valid resource to produce cheese with a healthier lipid profile and higher tocopherols content.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Fat Composition and 2’Fucosyllactose on Neonatal Piglet Growth and Organ Lipid Composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1038-1038
Author(s):  
Michael Miklus ◽  
Pedro Prieto ◽  
Cynthia Barber ◽  
Robert Rhoads ◽  
Samer El-Kadi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Group 3

Abstract Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of 2’fucosyllactose (2’FL) and fat blends on growth, body composition and fatty acid profile of the liver and brain using the neonatal pig as a model for the human infant. Methods Pigs (3 d old) were randomly assigned to either: 1. control, 2. Palm Olein (PO) fat blend – Low 2'-FL, 3. PO – High 2'-FL, 4. High oleic acid (HO) – Low 2'-FL, 5. HO FB – High 2'-FL, 6. PO FB – GLA, or 7. kept with their sows. Pigs in groups 1 to 6 received 250 ml·kg−1·d−1 of formula in 5 equal meals for 15 d. On day 14 of the study, groups 1–6 received intraperitoneal E. coli LPS challenge at 100 µg·kg−1 weight. Results Body weight was greater for piglets fed by sows than those in the other groups (P < 0.001). In addition, % fat and bone mineral content were higher in the sow-fed group while lean % was less sow-fed piglets (group 7) compared with those in the other groups (P < 0.05). Only longissimus weight expressed as a % of body weight, was greater for group 7 compared with all other groups (P < 0.001). Soleus, semitendinosus, brain, heart and spleen weights as a % of body weight were similar across all groups. However, liver weight as a % of body weight was greater in groups 1–6 (3.7%) compared with group 7 (2.8%; P < 0.001). The proportion of brain 16:1 fatty acid was less (0.83%) for groups 1–6 than for group 7 pigs (1.08%; P < 0.0001). The proportion of 20:3 N6 was greatest (0.66%) for group 3 compared with groups 1 and 4 (0.55%; P < 0.05). In addition, the proportion of 20:5 N3 was greatest (0.12%) for group 3 compared with groups 1 and 7 (0.07%; P < 0.05). The proportion of liver 16:1, 18:0, and 18:1 cis-11 fatty acids were greater for group 7 (2.3, 23, 2.2%) than groups 1–6 (0.2, 20, 1.2%; P < 0.0001). Conversely, the contribution of 14:0, 18:1 cis-9, 18:3 N6 cis-6,9,12, and 22:6 N3 were greater for pigs in groups 1–6 (1.3, 0.6, and 14, 7.8%) compared with those in group 7 (0.5, 8.5, 0.2 and 3.5%; P < 0.0001). Conclusions Our data suggest that feeding 2’fucosyllactose had no effect on the body weight gain and composition in neonatal pigs. Our data also suggest that dietary fatty acids have a greater effect on liver than on brain fatty acid composition. Funding Sources Funding for the work was provided by Perrigo Nutritionals, LLC.

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