Degradation of the carbon skeleton of glutamic acid

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1333-1334
Author(s):  
Stuart H. Simon ◽  
John J. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Carbon Skeleton ◽  
Succinic Semialdehyde ◽  
Chloramine T

Glutamic acid labeled with 14C was converted to succinic semialdehyde by the action of Chloramine-T, the aldehyde was converted to the hydrazone, and the hydrazone was converted to butyric acid by thermal decomposition. Maximum yield of butyric acid was obtained if the temperature of the liquid phase was not lower than 195 °C during the 4 h of refluxing to decompose the hydrazone.

The Reactivity of Different Active Forms of Sodium Carbonate with Respect to Sulfur Dioxide

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 2302-2308
Author(s):  
Karel Mocek ◽  
Erich Lippert ◽  
Emerich Erdös
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Active Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of the reaction of solid sodium carbonate with sulfur dioxide depends on the microstructure of the solid, which in turn is affected by the way and conditions of its preparation. The active form, analogous to that obtained by thermal decomposition of NaHCO3, emerges from the dehydration of Na2CO3 . 10 H2O in a vacuum or its weathering in air at room temperature. The two active forms are porous and have approximately the same specific surface area. Partial hydration of the active Na2CO3 in air at room temperature followed by thermal dehydration does not bring about a significant decrease in reactivity. On the other hand, if the preparation of anhydrous Na2CO3 involves, partly or completely, the liquid phase, the reactivity of the product is substantially lower.

Thermal decomposition of ammonium salts of nicotinic acid and its analogs in the liquid phase

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 480-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Frenkel' ◽  
M. L. Kaliya ◽  
É. M. Guseinov
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Salts

scholarly journals Effect of Different Levels of I.B.A Concentration on Clonal Propagation of Eucalyptus Species in Ghana West Africa.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Yaw Sarpong ◽  
Frank Ofori Agyemang ◽  
Daniel E.K.A Siaw ◽  
Essakku Menason
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
P Value ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Four Levels

Abstract BackgroundIncreasing global wood demands have necessitated an overall push for cost-effective methods of vegetative propagation using cuttings. Vegetative plant propagation through cuttings although a breakthrough is mostly hampered with the inability of cuttings to root effectively to achieve maximum yield. Ten clones each of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla (E. grandis x E. urophylla) and Eucalyptus pellita (E. pellita) were treated with Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations of 0 ppm (control), 2000 ppm, 3000 ppm and 4000 ppm respectively.ResultsOverall mean survival of cuttings was low (< 50%) for all concentrations of IBA used in this research. Survival rates of individual clones however varied from clone to clone. E. grandis x E. urophylla cuttings had the highest mean survival (43.39%) when treated with 2000 ppm of IBA and lowest mean survival (37.86%) when treated with 0 ppm. Results from the survival rates of E. grandis × E. Urophylla and Eucalyptus pellita cuttings were subjected to an Analysis of Variance test to identify any significant differences between hormone concentration and cutting survival. ANOVA results indicated that differences between cutting–IBA concentrations for E. grandis × E. Urophylla were significant (p=1.85x10-08) which is lower than standard p value (p=0.05) used in the test.For E. pellita (P) cuttings the highest mean survival (27.14%) was achieved when treated with 2000 ppm of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Individual clones however showed significant differences in survival. E. pellita clone P2 achieved the highest survival (52.68%) in the control experiment (0 ppm). Some clones i.e P51 and P82 achieved survivals of less than 10% in all four levels of IBAConclusionThe best surviving Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla clone (GH11) achieved a mean survival rate of 75% when the GH11 basal cutting was treated with 2000 ppm IBA. The results indicated that the production of clones with survival rates of less than 20% should be discarded since it makes no economic sense clones with survival rates of more than 40% should be planted out in the field to compare field performance with greenhouse survival.

Changes in amino acid compounds of wheat plants during ensiling and aerobic exposure: the influence of propionic acid and urea phosphate-calcium propionate

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ashbell ◽  
H. H. Theune ◽  
D. Sklan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Butyric Acid ◽  
Urea Phosphate ◽  
Fresh Material ◽  
Calcium Propionate

SummaryChanges in distribution of amino acid nitrogen of chopped wheat plants ensiled at shooting and flowering when wilted, and at the milk and dough stages as fresh material, were determined as affected by addition of 0·8% propionic acid (PrA) or 2·2% urea phosphate-calcium propionate (UP-CaPr). Analyses were carried out after an ensiling period of 90 days and after a further aerobic exposure period (AE) of 7 days.Total amino acid (TAA) contents in the dry matter (D.M.) during the fermentation period and in the AE were stable in untreated material (UM) and treated material. Concentration of essential amino acids decreased during fermentation, this decrease being higher in the UM. The free amino acids were low in the fresh material (18·6% of TAA) but increased in the ensiled material to ca. 71 % of the TAA in the silage. In the AE this level was 63% in UM and 69% in treated material. The ammonia-N contents increased during fermentation in UM and especially in the UP-CaPr treatments, while the opposite occurred in the PrA treatments.The concentrations of and changes in 21 amino acids (AAs) are given. The highest AA concentrations recorded in the fresh material were those of arginine, lysine, glutamic acid, alanine, leucine, proline and glycine. The most marked increments in AAs as a result of fermentation were those of ornithine, γ-amino butyric acid, threonine and methionine. Marked decreases were observed in glutamine, arginine and glutamic acid. PrA increased mainly arginine, asparagine and glutamine, whereas γ-amino butyric acid decreased; UP-CaPr increased arginine, asparagine, lysine and glutamic acid (in silage only) and reduced γ-amino butyric acid and glutamine (in AE only).

Radiation D am age to Polypeptides and Proteins in the Solid State, II* Radiolysis of Poly-ʟ-Glutamic Acid

1981 ◽  
Vol 36 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1091-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Söylemez ◽  
W. Baumeister ◽  
L. M. Herbertz
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Radical Anion ◽  
Amino Butyric Acid

Abstract For the transformation of glutamic acid into α-amino-butyric acid upon irradiation a decarboxylation mechanism involving the formation of CO2 has been proposed previously. Here we present further experimental evidence in favour of this mechanism. A dditionally the formation of CO as a decarboxylation product has been detected; a radical anion mechanism for its formation is proposed.

A preliminary analysis of dietary effects on serum ninhydrin-positive compounds of immature lobsters Homarus americanus (Milne Edwards)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Carter ◽  
Gary B. Dunphy
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Urea Cycle ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Cysteic Acid ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Apparent Increase

Thirty-eight ninhydrin-positive compounds (NPCs) were detected in the serum of wild, controlled-diet and starved lobsters Homarus americanus (Milne Edwards). Glycine, proline, alanine, taurine, serine, glutamic acid, ornithine, and glutamine comprised approximately 82% of the total serum NPC concentration in wild and starved lobsters and 70% in fed lobsters. The urea cycle intermediates arginine, citrulline, ornithine, and urea were detected in many samples. The following NPCs, previously unreported in lobster haemolymph, were detected as well: β-alanine, α-aminoadipic acid, α -amino-n-butyric acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, ammonia, anserine, as-paragine, cystathionine, cysteic acid – phosphoserine, ethanolamine, glycerophosphoethanol-amine, hydroxyproline, 1- and 3-methylhistidine. Starved lobsters showed pronounced reductions in serum NPC concentrations relative to those of fed lobsters. Starvation caused an apparent increase in the serum concentrations of the methylhistidine isomers and glycerophosphoethanolamine.

Free Amino Acids in Human Tonsillar Tissue

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Doi ◽  
Akikatsu Kataura
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Amino Butyric Acid ◽  
Pathological Conditions

Abstract Free amino acids in the tonsils of 20 individuals were measured column chromatographically. Those always found in readily detectable amounts included O-phosphoserine, taurine, O-phosphoethanolamine, aspartic acid, hydroxyproline, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, α-amino-n-butyric acid, valine, cystine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, ornithine, γ-amino-butyric acid, lysine, histidine, and arginine. Results were compared for three clinical pathological groups and for four age groups. Some abnormal values may result from the pathological conditions.

STUDIES ON WHEAT PLANTS USING C14 COMPOUNDS: IV. DISTRIBUTION OF C14 IN GLUTAMIC ACID, ASPARTIC ACID, AND THREONINE ARISING FROM ACETATE-1-C14 AND -2-C14

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bilinski ◽  
W. B. McConnell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
Carbon Skeleton ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Carbon 14

Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and threonine isolated from the gluten of wheat plants to which acetate-1-C14 or -2-C14 was administered during growth have been degraded to determine the complete intramolecular distribution of C14. Sixty-three per cent of the activity in glutamic acid arising from acetate-1-C14 was in carbon-5 and 20% in carbon-1; glutamic acid from acetate-2-C14 contained 43% of the activity in carbon-4 and about 18% in each of carbons 2 and 3. Acetate-1-C14 resulted in labelling largely in the terminal carbons of aspartic acid, and acetate-2-C14 preferentially labelled the internal carbons. The results show that the Krebs' citric acid cycle provides a major pathway for the biosynthesis of the dicarboxylic amino acids of wheat gluten.Striking parallelism in the intramolecular distribution of carbon-14 in aspartic acid and threonine demonstrates that these amino acids are closely linked biosynthetically and is in accord with the idea that aspartic acid provides the carbon skeleton for threonine.

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