Radioisotopic studies on the biosynthesis of the glyceryl diether lipids of Halobacterium cutirubrum

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 971-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kates ◽  
M. K. Wassef ◽  
D. J. Kushner
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mevalonate Pathway ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Phosphatidyl Glycerol ◽  
Sulfate Ester ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Malonyl Coa ◽  
A Minor

Cells of the obligate halophile Halobacterium cutirubrum were grown to the stationary phase in the presence of 32P-orthophosphate, 35S-sulfate, or 14C-labelled precursors (acetate, malonate, mevalonate, glycerol). 32P was incorporated into the phosphatide components in proportion to their relative concentrations, thus: phosphatidyl glycerophosphate (diether analogue) > unidentified minor phosphatide > phosphatidyl glycerol (diether analogue). 35S-Sulfate was incorporated mostly into the glycolipid sulfate ester component, but small amounts of 35S also appeared in a more polar sulfolipid and in a minor unidentified sulfolipid.14C-Mevalonate was the most efficient precursor for the phytanyl chains, followed in decreasing order by acetate and glycerol. Only traces of 14C from the malonate precursor were incorporated, and these appeared entirely in the phytanyl groups. A considerable proportion of 14C from the glycerol precursor was found in the glycerol and sugar moieties of the lipids. Little or no labelling of the water-soluble moieties of the lipids was observed with the other carbon precursors.Only traces of 14C-labelled fatty acids were detected with any of the 14C precursors; with acetate, in particular, only 0.3% of the 14C in the total lipids was found in fatty acids. It is concluded that the predominant biosynthetic route for the lipid chains is the mevalonate pathway for synthesis of isoprenoid groups, and that the malonyl-CoA pathway for synthesis of fatty acids is operating at a very low level of activity.

INCORPORATION OF C14 OR P32 INTO THE PHOSPHATIDES OF RUNNER BEAN LEAVES

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 907-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank M. Eberhardt ◽  
Morris Kates
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Ethanolamine Phosphatidyl ◽  
Runner Bean ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Minute Period ◽  
Fraction I

The phosphatide content of primary leaves of runner bean increased linearly with time, between the 8th and 20th day of development, at a rate proportional to the growth of the leaves.Detached leaves incorporated C14 into the total lipids (pigments, non-phosphatides, and phosphatides) when supplied with C14O2 in the light for 1 minute followed by a 30-minute period in the light or dark in tracer-free air and when supplied with pyruvate-2-C14 or acetate-1-C14 in the light. P32 was incorporated into the phosphatides after orthophosphate-P32 was supplied both in the light and dark. With each precursor, radioisotope was incorporated into the four phosphatide fractions obtained by chromatography of the total lipids: inositol–carbohydrate phosphatides (Fraction I), phosphatidyl ethanolamine – phosphatidyl serine (Fraction II), an unknown phosphatide (Fraction III), and lecithin (Fraction IV).Distribution of radioactivity among these phosphatide fractions and among the phosphatide moieties varied greatly with the precursor supplied. Thus, with C14O2 as precursor, Fraction I and III had the highest specific activities, and C14 entered both the water-soluble moieties and the fatty acids in all of the phosphatide fractions. With pyruvate-C14 or acetate-C14, lecithin was most highly labelled, and C14 was found almost exclusively in the fatty acids of the phosphatides. With orthophosphate-P32, Fraction III had the highest specific activity. The bearing of these findings on the metabolism of phosphatides in leaves is discussed.

Littoral invertebrates in waders’ nutrition at migratory stopover sites in the Azov and Black Sea region

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Kharchenko ◽  
I. A. Lykova
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Stopover Sites ◽  
Littoral Invertebrates ◽  
Migratory Stopover

Seasonal migration for birds – distant migrants are the most energy intensive. Fat reserves accumulated in the bird’s body before migration and during migratory stopovers determine success of the long-distance flight. Lipids play a vital role both as a source of energy and as structural components of cell membranes. For most migrants to the speed and quality processes fat accumulation affects the feed ration in the field of migration stops. Fodder saturation with essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is of great importance. Being paramount for physiological processes, these acids cannot be synthesized in the bird’s body. The proposed article is dedicated to the study of waders’ trophic relationships with their prey items, and the use of PUFAs as biochemical markers. This approach is based on the specificity of the fatty acids contained in the lipids of invertebrate to be used as food bird species studied. Significant amount NPZHK waders obtained from forage that can be considered PUFAs as biochemical markers to determine the range and diversity of food producing birds PUFAs ways, and also to study the food chain in ecosystems. A fatty acid spectrum (FAS) of the lipids common for nine littoral invertebrate species (Gammarus aequicauda, Idotea balthica, Artemia salina, Nerеis sp., Nerеis zonata, Theodoxces astrachanicus, Hydrobia acuta, Chironomus salinarius, Chironomus plumosus), which constitute the main component of waders’ diet at the migratory stopover sites in the Azov and Black Sea region, has been studied. Found that the largest amount of total lipids contained in Nereis zonata (4,6 %) and Artemia salina (4,4 %), the lowest amount of total lipids was observed in Chironomus (1,5–1,8 %), which implies that polychaete worms and Artemia salina, as a source of fat, are the most productive for waders. Our research has found that mollusks, polychaete worms, and Artemia salina are the most effective waders’ fodder in the PUFAs content. Mollusks contain the largest amount of PUFAs, their spectrum is ω3 and ω6 PUFAs, especially arаchidonic acid C20:4. Polychate worms are also characterized by a high PUFAs level; they serve for birds as a source of linolenic and linoleic acid groups. Artemia salina contains a large amount of eicosapentaenoic С20:5ω3 and docosahexaenoic С22:6ω3 acids, which getting to an organism of birds, participating in the formation of cell membranes, act as thermal stabilizer lipid bilayers, enhance stamina during long-distance flight. A high abundance of Artemia salina in the feeding areas permit tundra waders to use them as a prey item, which can fulfill the bird’s body with a required amount of fatty acids in a short time. We have established an influence of some environmental factors, as water temperature and salinity, on the lipids FAS of littoral invertebrates. Spectrum analysis of polyene fatty acids in the lipids closely related species of invertebrates living in different salinity water showed that the content of PUFAs in the lipid depend on their food spectrum, and the environmental conditions. Therefore, anthropogenic pressure and changes of water hydrological regime may affect PUFAs content in the lipids of littoral invertebrates. In its turn, this factor may change alimentary behavior and migratory strategy of the birds, which use migratory stopover sites in the region in question. Shallow waters of the Azov-Black Sea region are characterized by different climatic characteristics and a large reserve of phytoplankton. This explains the mass character species studied of invertebrates to feeding areas and their use as basic prey items, many species of waders.

scholarly journals The Combined Effects of Magnesium Oxide and Inulin on Intestinal Microbiota and Cecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Kanako Omori ◽  
Hiroki Miyakawa ◽  
Aya Watanabe ◽  
Yuki Nakayama ◽  
Yijin Lyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Acetic Acid Concentration ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Constipation is a common condition that occurs in many people worldwide. While magnesium oxide (MgO) is often used as the first-line drug for chronic constipation in Japan, dietary fiber intake is also recommended. Dietary fiber is fermented by microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs are involved in regulating systemic physiological functions and circadian rhythm. We examined the effect of combining MgO and the water-soluble dietary fiber, inulin, on cecal SCFA concentration and microbiota in mice. We also examined the MgO administration timing effect on cecal SCFAs. The cecal SCFA concentrations were measured by gas chromatography, and the microbiota was determined using next-generation sequencing. Inulin intake decreased cecal pH and increased cecal SCFA concentrations while combining MgO increased the cecal pH lowered by inulin and decreased the cecal SCFA concentrations elevated by inulin. When inulin and MgO were combined, significant changes in the microbiota composition were observed compared with inulin alone. The MgO effect on the cecal acetic acid concentration was less when administered at ZT12 than at ZT0. In conclusion, this study suggests that MgO affects cecal SCFA and microbiota during inulin feeding, and the effect on acetic acid concentration is time-dependent.

SYNTHESIS OF L-α-CEPHALINS CONTAINING FATTY ACIDS OF SHORTER CHAIN LENGTH: WATER-SOLUBLE GLYCEROLPHOSPHATIDES II

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 859-864
Author(s):  
Erich Baer ◽  
Tibor Gróf
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Chloroform Solution ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Simultaneous Removal ◽  
Protective Groups ◽  
Salt Structure ◽  
Catalytic Hydrogenolysis

L-α-(Dihexanoyl)cephalin has been synthesized by the phosphorylation of D-α,β-dihexanoylglycerol with phenylphosphoryl dichloride and pyridine, esterification of the reaction product, viz. dihexanoyl-L-α-glycerylphenylphosphoryl chloride, with N-carbobenzoxyethanolamine, and simultaneous removal of the protective groups of dihexanoyl-L-α-glycerylphenylphosphoryl-N-carbobenzoxyethanolamine by catalytic hydrogenolysis. The L-α-(dihexanoyl)cephalin is soluble in water.Infrared evidence supports the inner-salt structure of cephalins in chloroform solution.

Evidence for glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchoring of Toxoplasma gondii major surface antigens

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 4576-4580
Author(s):  
S Tomavo ◽  
R T Schwarz ◽  
J F Dubremetz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Phospholipase C ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Radioactive Label ◽  
Glycosyl Phosphatidylinositol ◽  
Major Surface

The four major surface antigens of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites (P43, P35, P30, and P22) were made water soluble by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC). These antigens were biosynthetically labeled with 3H-fatty acids, [3H]ethanolamine, and [3H]carbohydrates. Treatment of 3H-fatty-acid-labeled parasite lysates with PI-PLC removed the radioactive label from these antigens. A cross-reacting determinant was exposed on these antigens after PI-PLC treatment.

scholarly journals Fatty acid profile and lambs’ meat quality fed with different levels of crude glycerin replacing corn

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 2051
Author(s):  
Fabíola Cristine de Almeida Rego ◽  
Mônica Chaves Françozo ◽  
Agostinho Ludovico ◽  
Filipe Alexandre Boscaro de Castro ◽  
Marilice Zundt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Crude Glycerin ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Margaric Acid ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

This study aimed to evaluate the Texel lambs’ meat quality fed with increasing levels of crude glycerin (0, 7, 14, and 21% of dry matter) in the diet. Thirthy-two-two non-castrated male Texel lambs were used, with initial weight of 15.9 ± 4.1 kg, using a completely randomized design with four treatments and eight repetitions, per treatment. Upon reaching the average weight of 35 kg, the animals were slaughtered. The meat chemical composition was similar among treatments (P>0.05) and total lipids and crude protein presented averages of 3.47 and 20.05 g 100g -1, respectively. No changes in pH, marbling, color, and water loss under pressure were observed. The shear force did not change among treatments and the texture can be considered soft, with average values of 5.48 kgf. There was a linear (P0.05) were observed for the attributes flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptance among treatments. Fatty acids in higher proportions in the meat lamb were to C18:1n-9 (1298.90 mg 100g-1), C16:0 (709.07 mg 100g-1) and C18:0 (433.30 mg 100g-1), with percentages of 42.72, 23.07 and 14.35%, respectively. Significant difference according to the glycerin level in the diet was observed only for the margaric acid (C17:0) with an increasing linear effect, reaching 58.95 mg 100g-1 muscle to the group with 21% crude glycerin, corresponding to 1.77% of total fatty acids. The other fatty acids did not change, and provided a satisfactory result for conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), totaling about 6.1 mg 100 g-1 muscle, corresponding to 0.21% of total lipids. The use of glycerin in the diet for finishing lambs does not alter the characteristics of the meat, maintaining the product quality for consumption.

scholarly journals Determination of gangliosides as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazides by high-performance liquid chromatography

1986 ◽  
Vol 235 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Miyazaki ◽  
N Okamura ◽  
Y Kishimoto ◽  
Y C Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Normal Phase ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Acid System ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Acetylneuraminic Acid ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Phase Column

A specific, sensitive and easily performed method for the determination of gangliosides in tissue was developed. After removal of water-soluble compounds, total lipids were extracted from tissue and then treated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine hydrochloride and dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide in dimethylformamide at 0 degrees C to form ganglioside hydrazides. After removal of excess reagents by column chromatography on silicic acid, the ganglioside 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazides were eluted from the column and analysed by h.p.l.c. with the use of a silica-gel normal-phase column eluted with an isocratic chloroform/methanol/water/acetic acid system. The addition of CaCl2 improved the separation of GM3 ganglioside containing N-acetylneuraminic acid from that containing N-glycollylneuraminic acid. 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazide peaks were measured by the absorbance at 342 nm. Quantification of GM3, GM2, GM1, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b and LM1 gangliosides was linear in a range 0.02-1.6 nmol. GM4, GD3, GT1a and GQ1b gangliosides also yielded distinct peaks, although the range of linearity was not examined. This method was applied to the analysis of the total lipids of rat brain and hepatocytes.

scholarly journals Observations on the nature and origin of lipids in the small intestine of the sheep

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aileen M. Lennox ◽  
A. K. Lough ◽  
G. A. Garton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Proportional Contribution ◽  
Conjugated Bile Acids

1. Total lipids were extracted from digesta obtained from the rumen, abomasum and upper small intestine (jejunum) of each of four slaughtered sheep. The lipids were fractionated into unesterified fatty acids, neutral lipids and phospholipids and the proportional contribution of each fraction to the total fatty acids was determined.2. The contribution made by phospholipids to the total fatty acids in the digesta showed a marked increase in the samples from the small intestine compared with those from the rumen and abomasum. This increase was apparently due to the presence of biliary phospholipids.3. Total lipids and conjugated bile acids were extracted from sheep bile, the lipids were fractionated and their fatty-acid composition was determined. Phospholipids predominated and these consisted mainly of phosphatidylcholine, together with some lysophosphatidylcholine.4. Both phospholipids contained significant amounts of unsaturated C18 components which could account, at least in part, for the previously reported increament to the proportion of these acids in the digesta when it enters the upper jejunum.5. The overall fatty acid compositions of the two biliary phospholipids were very similar and, in common with other naturally occurring phosphatidylcholines, the fatty acids present in position 2 of the phosphatidylcholine of bile were found to consist almost entirely of unsaturated components.6. Total lipids and conjugated bile acids were extracted from samples of digesta obtained from three sheep with cannulas in different positions in the jejunum. Analysis of the lipids indicated that biliary phospholipids, in particular phosphatidylcholine, underwent progressive hydrolysis in the intestinal lumen.7. The distribution of conjugated bile acids, unesterified fatty acids and phospholipids between the solid (particulate) and liquid (micellar) phases of the intestinal digesta was determined. These chyme constituents were, for the most part, associated with the particulate matter and thus, at any given time, it appears that only a small fraction of the total fatty acids is available for absorption in micellar form. It is suggested that the micellar solubilization of fatty acids may be facilitated by the presence of lysophosphatidylcholine.

scholarly journals Effect of gamma irradiation on fatty acid composition of total lipids in rabbit skin

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
S. Kostyuk ◽  
A. Busenko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Rabbit Skin

It is found that gamma radiation leads to a significant decrease in the skin of rabbits content of these fatty acids, as meristinіс, pantadekanovaya, palmitic, palmitoleic, linoleic, arachidonic, and at the end issledvany, ie 76 Tide day, the concentration of fatty acids increased, and meristinіс palmitoleic and close to the physiological norm.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the eating habits of breast cancer patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuba Kayan Tapan ◽  
Zeynep Erdogan Iyigun ◽  
Serkan Ilgun ◽  
Vahit Ozmen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Vitamin B2 ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients

Objective: To determine the relationship between the dietary characteristics of breast cancer patients. Methods: Patients with breast cancer whose treatments have finished and are in remission formed the study group and healthy people formed the control group. Demographic, anthropometric characteristics, food consumption frequency form and exercise status were recorded with all groups. Data analysis was done by SPSS 22. Results: In the study group, mean carbohydrate percentage was lower, while fat, fat percentage, monosaccharide, glucose, fructose, omega3(n3), saturated fatty acids(SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), vitamin A, C, E, B6, biotin and copper values were significantly higher (p<0.05). Recurrence was observed in seven patients (7.1%) during the follow-up period, hormone receptor levels (ER) and vitamin B2 intake (accuracy 93.9%) were inversely related to the recurrence of the disease (p=0.02). Conclusions: While the percentage of carbohydrate taken was lower in study group; total fat, n3, SFA, MUFA, monosaccharide, glucose, fructose, water-soluble fiber, B6, biotin and copper values were higher. Further studies are needed for vitamin B2 deficiency in patients with recurrence. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2368 How to cite this:Tapan TK, Iyigun ZE, Ilgun S, Ozmen V. Evaluation of the eating habits of breast cancer patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2368 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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