Increase in serum hyaluronidase levels in rats given hydrocortisone or prednisolone

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bowness ◽  
G. Harding
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Enzyme Induction ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hyaluronidase Activity ◽  
Normal Mean

Intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg hydrocortisone to rats was found to cause a considerable increase in serum hyaluronidase activity above the normal level within 12 h, with the maximum response occurring about 18 h after injection. The response at 18 or 24 h increased up to a dose of about 10 mg per rat.Daily injections of 5 mg hydrocortisone or 1.25 mg prednisolone into each of a group of six rats maintained a mean level of serum hyaluronidase which was significantly higher than that of a control group over a period of 6 days. Peaks of activity were found at 1 and 6 days which were almost double the normal mean levels found in both groups on day zero before injections were begun. When the hormone injections were stopped, the hyaluronidase level fell to normal within 24 h.Administration of 20 000 – 50 000 I.U. vitamin A acetate to rats failed to produce an increase in the serum hyaluronidase level even after 13 daily injections. These amounts are known to cause breakdown of cartilage matrix in vivo and disruption of lysosomes in vitro.The absence of any effect of actinomycin D indicated that enzyme induction was not the cause of the increased hyaluronidase activity.

scholarly journals Glucose metabolism in the newborn rat. Hormonal effects in vivo

1973 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 899-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Snell ◽  
Deryck G. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Dibutyryl Cyclic Amp ◽  
Lactate Formation ◽  
Glucose Formation

1. The concentrations of liver glycogen and plasma d-glucose were measured in caesarian-delivered newborn rats at time-intervals up to 3h after delivery after treatment of the neonatal rats with glucagon, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, cortisol or cortisol+dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Glycogenolysis was promoted by glucagon or dibutyryl cyclic AMP in the third hour after birth but not at earlier times. Cortisol and dibutyryl cyclic AMP together (but neither agent alone) promoted glycogenolysis in the second hour after birth, but no hormone combination was effective in the first postnatal hour. 2. The specific radioactivity of plasma d-glucose was measured as a function of time for up to 75 min after the intraperitoneal injection of d-[6-14C]glucose and d-[6-3H]glucose into newborn rats at delivery and after treatment with glucagon or actinomycin D. Glucagon-mediated hyperglycaemia at this time was due to an increased rate of glucose formation and a decreased rate of glucose utilization. Actinomycin D prevented glucose formation and accelerated the rate of postnatal hypoglycaemia. 3. The specific radioactivity of plasma l-lactate and the incorporation of 14C into plasma d-glucose was measured as a function of time after the intraperitoneal injection of l-[U-14C]lactate into glucagon- or actinomycin D-treated rats immediately after delivery. The calculated rates of lactate formation were unchanged by either treatment, but lactate utilization was stimulated by glucagon administration. Glucagon stimulated and actinomycin D diminished 14C incorporation into plasma d-glucose. 4. The factors involved in the initiation of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the rat immediately after birth are discussed.

scholarly journals Chemical synthesis of all-trans-[11-3H]retinoyl β-glucuronide and its metabolism in rats in vivo

1989 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Barua ◽  
J A Olson
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Polar Metabolites

All-trans-[11-3H]retinoyl beta-glucuronide (RAG) was synthesized in a single step from all-trans-[11-3H]retinoyl fluoride, with a 24% yield. After its intraperitoneal injection into rats, RAG was detected in the blood, liver, intestine and kidney during the following 24 h period. Although the concentration of radiolabelled metabolites decreased with time, RAG predominated at nearly all times in nearly all tissues. Small amounts of retinoic acid (RA) were also universally present, together with unidentified polar metabolites and small amounts of non-polar esters of RA. The major excretion products of RAG in faeces and urine were RA and polar metabolites. Thus RAG, although converted in part to RA in vivo, persists as a major component in blood and tissues for at least 24 h. These observations support the concept that the retinoid beta-glucuronides might serve a physiologically significant role in the function of vitamin A.

scholarly journals Bioavailability of Iron and the Influence of Vitamin a in Biofortified Foods

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 777
Author(s):  
Paula Tavares Antunes ◽  
Maria das Graças Vaz-Tostes ◽  
Cíntia Tomáz Sant’Ana ◽  
Renata Araújo de Faria ◽  
Renata Celi Lopes Toledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Food Components

Inadequate eating habits, among other factors, lead to nutritional deficiencies worldwide. Attempts have been made to control micronutrient deficits, such as biofortification of usually consumed crops, but the interaction between food components may affect the bioavailability of the nutrients. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of pro-vitamin A on the bioavailability of iron in biofortified cowpea and cassava mixture, compared to their conventional counterparts. The chemical composition of the raw material was determined, and an in vivo study was performed, with Wistar rats, using the depletion-repletion method. Gene expression of iron-metabolism proteins was evaluated. Results were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Tukey test (p < 0.05). Biofortified cowpea (BRS Aracê) showed an increase of approximately 19.5% in iron content compared to conventional (BRS Nova era). No difference in Hemoglobin gain was observed between groups. However, the animals fed biofortified cowpea were similar to ferrous sulfate (Control group) regarding the expression of the hephaestin and ferroportin proteins, suggesting a greater efficiency in the intestinal absorption of iron. Thus, this study points out a higher efficiency of the biofortified cowpea in the bioavailability of iron, regardless of the presence of pro-vitamin A.

scholarly journals Efficiency of a few retinoids and carotenoids in vivo in controlling benzo[a]pyrene-induced forestomach tumour in female Swiss mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh C. Goswami ◽  
Namita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Tumour Growth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Tumour Incidence ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Animal Growth ◽  
Β Carotene

The anticarcinogenic effect of vitamin A2 (dehydroretinol and 3-hydroxyretinol) compounds was studied and compared with that of vitamin A1 (retinoic acid, retinol and retinal) and carotenoids (lutein and β-carotene) in the benzo[a]pyrene (B(a)P)-induced forestomach tumour model of female Swiss mice in vivo. Tumour growth and gross tumour incidence observed after the administration of B(a)P (eight doses of 1 mg, twice weekly for 4 weeks) and retinoids/carotenoids (2·5 and 4·7 μm per animal per d, 2 weeks before, during and 2 weeks after B(a)P) showed that the groups supplemented with lutein and 3-hydroxyretinol produced the best results in inhibiting tumour growth and had low tumour incidence compared with the control group given B(a)P only (P<0·05). Weights recorded after the different treatments showed that the β-carotene-supplemented group exhibited maximum weight gain, followed by retinal, retinol, retinoic acid, lutein, dehydroretinol and 3-hydroxyretinol. These results indicate that the anticarcinogenicity of the compounds is not related to the vitamin A biopotencies. Vitamin A2 compounds having half the biopotency of the vitamin A1 compounds were seen to be anticarcinogenic. Again, among the carotenoids, lutein, having 50 % less biopotency, showed more significant results than β-carotene. Thus it is imperative to conclude that the low animal growth achieved with these compounds has a correlation with the highest suppression of tumour occurrence in the present experiment. Therefore, the daily consumption of foods having high content of lutein and vitamin A2 should be given due importance and weight in further studies.

Clinical Evaluation of Desferrioxamine (DFO) for Removal of Thallium Ions in Rat

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 902-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Fatemi ◽  
A. Amiri ◽  
M. H. Bazargan ◽  
S. Tubafard ◽  
S. N. Fatemi
Keyword(s):  
Normal Level ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Chelation Therapy ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Toxic Element ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Thallium Ions

An investigation was conducted to evaluate the ability of DFO following the administration of thallium salt in male Wistar rats. Thallium was introduced to several groups of weanling male Wistar rats via different means, through drink, food and intraperitoneal injection. A control group was fed on a diet containing a normal level of iron. After a period of 30 days, all the rats administered thallium were severely anemic and showed toxicity symptoms through loss of hair, an increase in thallium and a decrease in iron levels in the blood. Chelation therapy was carried out to remove the toxic element from the body. The ability of desferrioxamine (DFO) in removing thallium was investigated by injection of this chelator for one week to the remaining rats of similar groups. The results showed that the thallium level present in the blood was significantly reduced and, at the same time, the iron concentration returned to the normal level. It was concluded that DFO chelator is able to remove thallium from the body and could be used for the treatment of complications and eradication of symptoms of thallium intoxication.

scholarly journals Synthesis and metabolism of all-trans-[11-3H]retinyl β-glucuronide in rats in vivo

1988 ◽  
Vol 252 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Barua ◽  
R O Batres ◽  
J A Olson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Major Metabolite ◽  
Chromatographic Behaviour ◽  
Acetyl Ester ◽  
Synthetic Procedure

All-trans-[11-3H]retinyl beta-glucuronide (all-trans-[11-3H]ROG) was synthesized from [3H]retinol by an improved synthetic procedure. After its intraperitoneal injection into rats, ROG is initially found as the predominant labelled component in the serum, but then is distributed to the liver, intestine, kidney and other organs of the body. Esters of vitamin A, which constituted the major metabolite of ROG, were detected in the liver as well as in other tissues. Of the labelled vitamin A esters derived from tritiated ROG in the liver and intestine, about 50% contained 5,6-epoxyretinol, which was characterized by its chromatographic behaviour, formation of an acetyl ester and lack of reactivity with diazomethane. Thus ROG, although converted to retinol in vivo, might also act physiologically in an intact form.

scholarly journals Iron loading and large doses of intravenous ascorbic acid promote lipid peroxidation in whole serum in guinea pigs

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kapsokefalou ◽  
Dennis D Miller
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Iron Dextran ◽  
Cardiac Puncture

Large doses of ascorbic acid may mobilise Fe from Fe-binding proteins in vivo which in turn could catalyse lipid peroxidation, a process associated with degenerative diseases. This hypothesis was tested in vitro in the serum of Fe-loaded animals. Eighteen male guinea pigs weighing about 500 g on arrival were allocated to two groups of nine. Fe loading was induced in one group by two intraperitoneal injections of 200 mg iron dextran given on days 1 and 5. Blood (6 ml) was drawn from all animals on day 12 by cardiac puncture. Serum and LDL were separated. Serum was tested for loosely-bound Fe (bleomycin assay) and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay) and LDL for susceptibility to in vitro oxidation (TBARS and conjugated diene assays). On day 12, another intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg iron dextran was given to the animals in the Fe-loaded group. On day 19, all animals were given 75 mg ascorbic acid by intraperitoneal injection. Blood (6 ml) was drawn 4 h later by cardiac puncture. Serum and LDL assays were repeated. Ascorbic acid increased loosely-bound Fe and in vitro oxidation in the serum from animals of the Fe-loaded group but not in the serum from animals of the control group. Susceptibility of LDL to in vitro oxidation increased after the ascorbic acid injection in the control group but there was no further increase in the Fe-loaded group. These data suggest that large doses of ascorbic acid promote Fe mobilisation and in vitro oxidation in the serum of Fe-loaded animals.

Effect of Some Metabolic Inhibitors on Vinblastine-Induced Ribosomal-Granular Material Complexes

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 548-549
Author(s):  
Awtar Krishan ◽  
Dora Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Granular Material ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Protein And Rna Synthesis ◽  
Apparent Reduction ◽  
Plant Alkaloids ◽  
In Cells

Cells exposed to antitumor plant alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine sulfate have large proteinacious crystals and complexes of ribosomes, helical polyribosomes and electron-dense granular material (ribosomal complexes) in their cytoplasm, Binding of H3-colchicine by the in vivo crystals shows that they contain microtubular proteins. Association of ribosomal complexes with the crystals suggests that these structures may be interrelated.In the present study cultured human leukemic lymphoblasts (CCRF-CEM), were incubated with protein and RNA-synthesis inhibitors, p. fluorophenylalanine, puromycin, cycloheximide or actinomycin-D before the addition of crystal-inducing doses of vinblastine to the culture medium. None of these compounds could completely prevent the formation of the ribosomal complexes or the crystals. However, in cells pre-incubated with puromycin, cycloheximide, or actinomycin-D, a reduction in the number and size of the ribosomal complexes was seen. Large helical polyribosomes were absent in the ribosomal complexes of cells treated with puromycin, while in cells exposed to cycloheximide, there was an apparent reduction in the number of ribosomes associated with the ribosomal complexes (Fig. 2).

Facilitated migration of cells from a transected peripheral nerve over collagen fibers: in vivo observations

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 888-889
Author(s):  
Arthur J. Wasserman ◽  
Azam Rizvi ◽  
George Zazanis ◽  
Frederick H. Silver
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Collagen Gel ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Guide Tube ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Silicone Tube ◽  
Thin Sections

In cases of peripheral nerve damage the gap between proximal and distal stumps can be closed by suturing the ends together, using a nerve graft, or by nerve tubulization. Suturing allows regeneration but does not prevent formation of painful neuromas which adhere to adjacent tissues. Autografts are not reported to be as good as tubulization and require a second surgical site with additional risks and complications. Tubulization involves implanting a nerve guide tube that will provide a stable environment for axon proliferation while simultaneously preventing formation of fibrous scar tissue. Supplementing tubes with a collagen gel or collagen plus extracellular matrix factors is reported to increase axon proliferation when compared to controls. But there is no information regarding the use of collagen fibers to guide nerve cell migration through a tube. This communication reports ultrastructural observations on rat sciatic nerve regeneration through a silicone nerve stent containing crosslinked collagen fibers.Collagen fibers were prepared as described previously. The fibers were threaded through a silicone tube to form a central plug. One cm segments of sciatic nerve were excised from Sprague Dawley rats. A control group of rats received a silicone tube implant without collagen while an experimental group received the silicone tube containing a collagen fiber plug. At 4 and 6 weeks postoperatively, the implants were removed and fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde buffered by 0.1 M cacodylate containing 1.5 mM CaCl2 and balanced by 0.1 M sucrose. The explants were post-fixed in 1% OSO4, block stained in 1% uranyl acetate, dehydrated and embedded in Epon. Axons were counted on montages prepared at a total magnification of 1700x. Montages were viewed through a dissecting microscope. Thin sections were sampled from the proximal, middle and distal regions of regenerating sciatic plugs.

In-vitro- und In-vivo-Wirkung von Schilddrüsenhormon auf das Wachstum von Neuroblastomzellen

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
R. P. Baum ◽  
E. Rohrbach ◽  
G. Hör ◽  
B. Kornhuber ◽  
E. Busse
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Initial Rise ◽  
Biphasic Effect ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Sign

The effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on the differentiation of cultured neuroblastoma (NB) cells was studied after 9 days of treatment with a dose of 10-4 M/106 cells per day. Using phase contrast microscopy, 30-50% of NB cells showed formation of neurites as a morphological sign of cellular differentiation. The initial rise of the mitosis rate was followed by a plateau. Changes in cyclic nucleotide content, in the triphosphates and in the activity of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) were assessed in 2 human and 2 murine cell lines to serve as biochemical parameters of the cell differentiation induced by T3. Whereas the cAMP level increased significantly (3 to 7 fold compared with its initial value), the cGMP value dropped to 30 to 50% of that of the control group. ATP and GTP increased about 200%, the ODC showed a decrease of about 50%. The present studies show a biphasic effect of T3 on neuroblastoma cells: the initial rise of mitotic activity is followed by increased cell differentiation starting from day 4 of the treatment.

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