scholarly journals Efficiency of a few retinoids and carotenoids in vivo in controlling benzo[a]pyrene-induced forestomach tumour in female Swiss mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh C. Goswami ◽  
Namita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Tumour Growth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Tumour Incidence ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Animal Growth ◽  
Β Carotene

The anticarcinogenic effect of vitamin A2 (dehydroretinol and 3-hydroxyretinol) compounds was studied and compared with that of vitamin A1 (retinoic acid, retinol and retinal) and carotenoids (lutein and β-carotene) in the benzo[a]pyrene (B(a)P)-induced forestomach tumour model of female Swiss mice in vivo. Tumour growth and gross tumour incidence observed after the administration of B(a)P (eight doses of 1 mg, twice weekly for 4 weeks) and retinoids/carotenoids (2·5 and 4·7 μm per animal per d, 2 weeks before, during and 2 weeks after B(a)P) showed that the groups supplemented with lutein and 3-hydroxyretinol produced the best results in inhibiting tumour growth and had low tumour incidence compared with the control group given B(a)P only (P<0·05). Weights recorded after the different treatments showed that the β-carotene-supplemented group exhibited maximum weight gain, followed by retinal, retinol, retinoic acid, lutein, dehydroretinol and 3-hydroxyretinol. These results indicate that the anticarcinogenicity of the compounds is not related to the vitamin A biopotencies. Vitamin A2 compounds having half the biopotency of the vitamin A1 compounds were seen to be anticarcinogenic. Again, among the carotenoids, lutein, having 50 % less biopotency, showed more significant results than β-carotene. Thus it is imperative to conclude that the low animal growth achieved with these compounds has a correlation with the highest suppression of tumour occurrence in the present experiment. Therefore, the daily consumption of foods having high content of lutein and vitamin A2 should be given due importance and weight in further studies.

The vitamin A analogues: 13-cis retinoic acid, 9-cis retinoic acid, and Ro 13-6307 inhibit neuroblastoma tumour growth in vivo

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frida Ponthan ◽  
Per Borgstr�m ◽  
Moustapha Hassan ◽  
Erik Wassberg ◽  
Christopher P.F. Redfern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Tumour Growth

scholarly journals Vitamin A5/X, a new food to lipid hormone concept for a nutritional ligand to control RXR-mediated signaling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Krezel ◽  
Aurea Rivas ◽  
Monika Szklenar ◽  
Marion Ciancia ◽  
Rosana Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptors ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
New Class ◽  
Human Food Chain ◽  
Mouse Study ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract Background: Vitamin A is a family of derivatives synthesized from carotenoids acquired from the diet and can be converted in animals to bioactive forms essential for life. The vitamin A1 (all-trans-retinol / ATROL) and provitamin A1 (all-trans-β,β-carotene / ATBC) are precursors of all-trans-retinoic acid acting as a ligand for the retinoic acid receptors. The contribution of ATROL and ATBC to formation of 9-cis-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid (9CDHRA), the only endogenous retinoid acting as retinoid X receptor ligand remains unknown. Methods: Novel and well know retinoids and carotenoids were synthesized via organic chemical synthesis. Further, novel and well know retinoids / carotenoids were administered to in vitro oligodendrocyte cell culture and to in vivo oral supplemented mice with following HPLC-MS / UV-Vis based metabolomic evaluation of these administered retinoids / carotenoids. In addition, working memory analyses were performed in a mouse study. Results: In this study, we show that ATROL and ATBC are at best only weak and non-selective precursors of 9CDHRA. Instead, we identify 9-cis-13,14-dihydroretinol (9CDHROL) and 9-cis-13,14-dihydro-β,β-carotene (9CDHBC) as novel direct nutritional precursors of 9CDHRA, which are present endogenously in humans and the human food chain matrix. We also propose that the endogenous carotenoid 9-cis-β,β-carotene (9CBC) can also act as weak, indirect precursor of 9CDHRA via hydrogenation to 9CDHBC and further metabolism to 9CDHROL and/or 9CDHRA.Conclusion: In summary, since classical vitamin A1 is not an efficient 9CDHRA precursor, we conclude that this group of molecules constitutes as a new class of vitamin or a new independent member of the vitamin A family, named “Vitamin A5/X”.

scholarly journals Vitamin A5/X, a New Food to Lipid Hormone Concept for a Nutritional Ligand to Control RXR-Mediated Signaling

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 925
Author(s):  
Wojciech Krężel ◽  
Aurea Rivas ◽  
Monika Szklenar ◽  
Marion Ciancia ◽  
Rosana Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
New Class ◽  
Trans Retinoic Acid ◽  
All Trans Retinoic Acid ◽  
Human Food Chain ◽  
Β Carotene

Vitamin A is a family of derivatives synthesized from carotenoids acquired from the diet and can be converted in animals to bioactive forms essential for life. Vitamin A1 (all-trans-retinol/ATROL) and provitamin A1 (all-trans-β,β-carotene/ATBC) are precursors of all-trans-retinoic acid acting as a ligand for the retinoic acid receptors. The contribution of ATROL and ATBC to formation of 9-cis-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid (9CDHRA), the only endogenous retinoid acting as retinoid X receptor (RXR) ligand, remains unknown. To address this point novel and already known retinoids and carotenoids were stereoselectively synthesized and administered in vitro to oligodendrocyte cell culture and supplemented in vivo (orally) to mice with a following high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS)/UV-Vis based metabolic profiling. In this study, we show that ATROL and ATBC are at best only weak and non-selective precursors of 9CDHRA. Instead, we identify 9-cis-13,14-dihydroretinol (9CDHROL) and 9-cis-13,14-dihydro-β,β-carotene (9CDHBC) as novel direct nutritional precursors of 9CDHRA, which are present endogenously in humans and the human food chain matrix. Furthermore, 9CDHROL displayed RXR-dependent promnemonic activity in working memory test similar to that reported for 9CDHRA. We also propose that the endogenous carotenoid 9-cis-β,β-carotene (9CBC) can act as weak, indirect precursor of 9CDHRA via hydrogenation to 9CDHBC and further metabolism to 9CDHROL and/or 9CDHRA. In summary, since classical vitamin A1 is not an efficient 9CDHRA precursor, we conclude that this group of molecules constitutes a new class of vitamin or a new independent member of the vitamin A family, named “Vitamin A5/X”.

Protective Effect of Boswellic Resin Against Memory Loss and Alzheimer’s Induced by Aluminum Tetrachloride and D-Galactose (Experimental study in Mice)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Zerrouki ◽  
N. Djebli ◽  
L. Gadouche ◽  
I. Erdogan Orhan ◽  
F. SezerSenol Deniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Octyl Acetate

Nowadays, because of the industrialization, a lot of contaminant were available ; the consequences of this availability are apparition of diseases including neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative diseases of the human brain comprise a variety of disorders that affect an increasing percentage of the population. This study is based on the effect of the Boswellic resin, which is from a medicinal plant and known for its antioxidant effects on nerve cell damage. The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of the Boswellic resin on anticholinesterase activity and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) induced by D-galactose and aluminum tetrachloride in Swiss mice. Chemical composition of the resin essential oil was identified by the CG-MS analysis. The antioxidant activity was also assessed by the DMPD and metal chelation methods. In order to understand the mechanism of memory improvement, the acetylcholinesterase, AChE, and butyrylcholinesterase, BChE, inhibitory assays were performed. In vivo part of the study was achieved on Swiss mice divided into four groups: control, AD model, treated AD, and treated control group. The identification of chemical composition by CG-MS reach the 89.67% of the total extract compounds presented some very important molecules (p-Cymene, n-Octyl acetate, α-Pinene…). The present study proves that Boswellic resin improves memory and learning in treated Alzheimer’s group, modulates the oxidative stress and be involved in the protective effect against amyloid deposition and neurodegeneration, and stimulates the immune system in mice’s brain.

Complex regulation of TGF beta expression by retinoic acid in the vitamin A-deficient rat

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 1081-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Glick ◽  
B.K. McCune ◽  
N. Abdulkarem ◽  
K.C. Flanders ◽  
J.A. Lumadue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Tgf Beta ◽  
Basal Expression ◽  
Beta 2 ◽  
Complex Regulation ◽  
First Time

We report the results of a histochemical study, using polyclonal antipeptide antibodies to the different TGF beta isoforms, which demonstrates that retinoic acid regulates the expression of TGF beta 2 in the vitamin A-deficient rat. Basal expression of TGF beta 2 diminished under conditions of vitamin A deficiency. Treatment with retinoic acid caused a rapid and transient induction of TGF beta 2 and TGF beta 3 in the epidermis, tracheobronchial and alveolar epithelium, and intestinal mucosa. Induction of TGF beta 1 expression was also observed in the epidermis. In contrast to these epithelia, expression of the three TGF beta isoforms increased in vaginal epithelium during vitamin A deficiency, and decreased following systemic administration of retinoic acid. Our results show for the first time the widespread regulation of TGF beta expression by retinoic acid in vivo, and suggest a possible mechanism by which retinoics regulate the functions of both normal and pre-neoplastic epithelia.

Vitamin A alters the internal viscosity of fragments of limb-bud mesenchyme

Development ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-339
Author(s):  
T. E. Kwasigroch ◽  
D. M. Kochhar
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Mesenchymal Cells ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Mouse Limb ◽  
Vitamin A Acid ◽  
Internal Viscosity ◽  
Fusion Experiments

Two techniques were used to examine the effect of vitamin A compounds (vitamin A acid = retinoic acid and vitamin A acetate) upon the relative strengths of adhesion among mouse limb-bud mesenchymal cells. Treatment with retinoic acid in vivo and with vitamin A acetate in vitro reduced the rate at which the fragments of mesenchyme rounded-up when cultured on a non-adhesive substratum, but these compounds did not alter the behavior of tissues tested in fragment-fusion experiments. These conflicting results indicate that the two tests measure different activities of cells and suggest that treatment with vitamin A alters the property(ies) of cells which regulate the internal viscosity of tissues.

scholarly journals Effect of Drying on β-Carotene, α Carotene, Lutein and Zeaxanthin Content in Vegetables and Its Application for Vegetable Seasoning

2020 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Kullamethee Piyarach ◽  
Kamnerd Nipawan ◽  
Chumphukhaw Chadapon ◽  
Suwannasit Daluwan ◽  
Rotjanapun Kunjana
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Chinese Kale ◽  
Pepper Powder ◽  
Air Dryer ◽  
Β Carotene

In plant based food with dark-green, yellow and orange color, beta (β)-carotene, alpha (α)-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin are predominating carotenoids contributing to an eyesight improvement. Among food preservation methods, drying using cabinet hot air dryer is one of the most cost-effective options and therefore, this investigation was aimed to study the carotenoids content in vegetables after drying and optimize the vegetable seasoning product. Based on customer survey, carrot, pumpkin, Chinese kale and long coriander were selected for the experiment, accessibility and have met the requirement of final moisture content, less than 10%. Our results demonstrated that drying period of sliced carrots and pumpkins was 360 min, while in Chinese kale and long coriander was 240 min. Amounts of carotenoids in carrot and long coriander were greatly remaining after drying. Drying of Chinese kale had little effect on carotenoids content. While, dried pumpkin may cause a major loss of β-,α-carotene and lutein content over 50%. Regarding to development of vegetable seasoning powder, Just about right and Hedonic 9 point tests were used for a sensory evaluation. The optimal seasoning formula consisted of 66. 8% mixed dried ground vegetables, 13.4% sugar, 8.8% salt, 6.7% garlic powder, and 4.3% white pepper powder. The overall acceptability of the product was rated as moderately liked, containing β-carotene, α-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin content as 178.04±3.39, 58.81±1.83, 158.89±4.16, 0.98±0.01 μg/g, respectively (vitamin A approximately 29.67 μg RE/g). Fortification of vegetable seasoning powder for daily consumption may improve the eye vision and reduce the rate of vitamin A deficiency.

scholarly journals A new approach to the assessment of marginal vitamin A deficiency in children in suburban Guwahati, India: hydrolysis of retinoyl glucuronide to retinoic acid

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 794-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pulin C. Sarma ◽  
Bhabesh C. Goswami ◽  
Krishna Gogoi ◽  
Harsha Bhattacharjee ◽  
Arun B. Barua
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Group I ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Β Carotene

The objective of the present study was to determine marginal vitamin A deficiency (VAD) by testing the hydrolysis of retinoyl glucuronide (RAG) to retinoic acid (RA) in children. Previous studies in rats showed that hydrolysis occurred when rats were vitamin A deficient. Children (n 61) aged 3–18 years, were divided into two groups, I and II. Blood was collected from the children in Group I (n 19) who were not dosed with RAG. Children in Group II (n 42) were administered all-trans retinoyl glucuronide (RAG) orally, and blood was collected 4 h after the dose. All serum samples were analysed for retinoids and carotenoids. RA was detected in serum only when serum retinol was < 0·85 μmol/l. Thus, hydrolysis of RAG to RA occurred in children with VAD or marginal VAD. Serum retinol was < 0·35 μmol/l in twenty-one children, 0·35–0·7 μmol/l in twenty-three children, 0·7–0·9 μmol/l in eleven children and >1 μmol/l in six children. Mean serum retinol in sixty-one children was 0·522 (sd 0·315) μmol/l. Mean β-carotene (0·016 (sd 0·015) μmol/l) was far below normal compared to the level of lutein (0·176 (sd 0·10) μmol/l) in sixty-one children. A low β-carotene level might be due to a low intake of carotene but high demand for vitamin A. The RAG hydrolysis test may prove to be a useful approach for the determination of marginal VAD with no clinical or subclinical signs of VAD. High prevalence of VAD amongst certain communities in Assam cannot be ruled out.

scholarly journals Daily consumption of pro-vitamin A biofortified (yellow) cassava improves serum retinol concentrations in preschool children in Nigeria: a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-231
Author(s):  
Ibukun Afolami ◽  
Martin N Mwangi ◽  
Folake Samuel ◽  
Erick Boy ◽  
Paul Ilona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Β Carotene

ABSTRACT Background Vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Pro-vitamin A biofortified (yellow) cassava has the potential to contribute significantly to improve vitamin A status, especially in populations that are difficult to reach with other strategies. Objectives The study aimed at determining the efficacy of biofortified cassava to improve vitamin A status of Nigerian preschool children. Methods An open-label randomized controlled trial was conducted in southwestern Nigeria. In total, 176 preschool children (aged 3–5 y) were randomized into 2 parallel arms comprising an experimental group (n = 88), fed foods prepared from biofortified (yellow) cassava, and a control group (n = 88), fed foods prepared from white cassava, twice a day, 6 d a week for 93 d. Results A total of 159 children completed the trial (yellow cassava group, n = 80; white cassava group, n = 79). Children consumed 221 and 74 µg/d retinol activity equivalents from intervention foods in the yellow and white cassava groups, respectively. The treatment effect on serum retinol concentrations at the end of the feeding trial was 0.06 µmol/L (95% CI: 0.004, 0.124 µmol/L), after adjustment for baseline retinol concentrations, inflammation, and asymptomatic malaria status. No significant treatment effects were detected for serum β-carotene (adjusted effect: 3.9%; 95% CI: −0.6%, 8.6%) and gut permeability (adjusted effect: 0.002; 95% CI: −0.089, 0.092), but a significant effect was detected for hemoglobin concentrations (adjusted effect: 3.08 g/L; 95% CI: 0.38, 5.78 g/L). Conclusions Daily consumption of β-carotene from biofortified cassava improved serum retinol and hemoglobin concentrations modestly in Nigerian preschool children. This study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02627222.

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