CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDES OF SERRATIA MARCESCENS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1499-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Adams ◽  
Robert Young
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharides ◽  
Carbohydrate Structure ◽  
Guluronic Acid ◽  
Electrophoretic Behavior ◽  
Sucrose Medium ◽  
Acidic Component

Four polysaccharides were isolated from the capsular layer of Serratia marcescens cells grown on a sucrose medium. In composition, electrophoretic behavior, and sedimentation in the ultracentrifuge, all were shown to be markedly different. Analytical data indicated that the polysaccharides were an acidic glucomannan (I), a rhamnoglucan (II), a glucoheptan (III), and a rhamnoheptoglucan (IV). In I, in addition to the main acidic component D-glucuronic acid, a small amount of guluronic acid was also identified. A relatively high protein or peptide content in the purified polysaccharides suggested that it was firmly bound to the carbohydrate structure; "bound" lipid consisting mainly of hydroxymyristic acid was also a part of the structure. Methylation studies established the main glycosidic linkages in I, II, and III. The capsular polysaccharides had properties similar to those of polysaccharides isolated from a culture filtrate of S. marcescens in an earlier study, and a possible relationship between these two groups of polysaccharides is discussed.

EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDES OF SERRATIA MARCESCENS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1403-1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Adams ◽  
S. M. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Electrophoretic Behavior ◽  
Active Growth Period

Growth of Serratia marcescens on sucrose, D-glucose, D-galactose, and D-xylose as carbon sources did not affect the composition of the extracellular polysaccharides significantly. D-Glucose was the major component with lesser amounts of D-mannose, heptose, L-fucose, and L-rhamnose. Rhamnose did not appear until near the end of the active growth period and increased proportionately more than the other sugars thereafter. From the culture filtrate after 20 hours growth on sucrose, two acidic polysaccharides were isolated. They were markedly different in composition and electrophoretic behavior although both contained glucose as their major component. One was characterized by a relatively high content of rhamnose and heptose, the other by the presence of mannose; both contained glucuronic acid. Other impure polysaccharides were isolated from the culture filtrate. It seems likely that S. marcescens produced a spectrum of rather similar extracellular polysaccharides of which the two isolated ones comprise the main types.

CELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDES OF SERRATIA MARCESCENS

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Adams ◽  
S. M. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Similar Composition ◽  
Mannuronic Acid

Decapsulated cells of Serratia marcescens were fractionated to yield crude cytoplasmic (I) lipopolysaccharide (II) and cell-wall (III) polysaccharides. Further separation of I yielded dialyzable polysaccharides composed of D-glucose and D-mannose and nondialyzable polysaccharides containing various proportions of D-glucose, D-mannose, L-rhamnose, glucuronic acid, and glucosamine. Fractionation of II by precipitation with Cetavlon–boric acid and by highspeed centrifugation yielded polysaccharides containing D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-mannose, D-glycero-D-manno-heptose, L-glycero-D-mannose-heptose, glucuronic acid, mannuronic acid, and glucosamine. Analytical data on the various fractions indicated that these polysaccharides included an acidic glucomannan, a rhamnoglucan, and a heptoglucan. Polysaccharides of similar composition have been found in S. marcescens capsular and extracellular polysaccharides in an earlier investigation. Removal of the mucopeptide material from the cell-wall III left an insoluble polysaccharide residue composed of glucose and glucosamine units.

PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF POLYSACCHARIDE–LIPID COMPLEXES FROM SERRATIA MARCESCENS

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 905-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Srivastava ◽  
Evelyn Breuninger ◽  
Hugh J. Creech ◽  
G. A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Aqueous Acetone ◽  
Uronic Acids ◽  
High Solubility ◽  
Mannuronic Acid ◽  
Phenol Extraction

Several polysaccharide fractions possessing pronounced antitumor activity were isolated from the polysaccharide–lipid–protein complex elaborated by Serratia marcescens. These fractions were obtained after phenol extraction of the cellular material, by ultracentrifugation and precipitation with ethanol and Cetavlon. They contained glucose, mannose, rhamnose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid, and mannuronic acid in different proportions. Each representative fraction caused regression of well-established solid tumors in mice but the dosage requirements varied considerably. One fraction containing glucose, mannose, and glucosamine, but no uronic acids, and having a high solubility in dilute sodium chloride solution and in aqueous acetone, was an exceptionally potent antitumor agent. Another fraction containing galactose and arabinose in addition to several of the usual components was found to be least active. From this work and that of other investigators, it is apparent that Serratia marcescens produces a spectrum of polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides, the chemical composition and biological properties of which depend on the strain of organism, the culture conditions, and the methods employed for isolation of the active agents.

PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF POLYSACCHARIDE–LIPID COMPLEXES FROM SERRATIA MARCESCENS

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 905-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Srivastava ◽  
Evelyn Breuninger ◽  
Hugh J. Creech ◽  
G. A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Aqueous Acetone ◽  
Uronic Acids ◽  
High Solubility ◽  
Mannuronic Acid ◽  
Phenol Extraction

Several polysaccharide fractions possessing pronounced antitumor activity were isolated from the polysaccharide–lipid–protein complex elaborated by Serratia marcescens. These fractions were obtained after phenol extraction of the cellular material, by ultracentrifugation and precipitation with ethanol and Cetavlon. They contained glucose, mannose, rhamnose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid, and mannuronic acid in different proportions. Each representative fraction caused regression of well-established solid tumors in mice but the dosage requirements varied considerably. One fraction containing glucose, mannose, and glucosamine, but no uronic acids, and having a high solubility in dilute sodium chloride solution and in aqueous acetone, was an exceptionally potent antitumor agent. Another fraction containing galactose and arabinose in addition to several of the usual components was found to be least active. From this work and that of other investigators, it is apparent that Serratia marcescens produces a spectrum of polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides, the chemical composition and biological properties of which depend on the strain of organism, the culture conditions, and the methods employed for isolation of the active agents.

STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF TWO EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDES FROM SERRATIA MARCESCENS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 2929-2939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Young ◽  
G. A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
End Groups

A polysaccharide insoluble in acidified ethanol solution has been isolated from a culture filtrate of Serratia marcescens. Fractionation by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide ("Cetavlon") and by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose yielded a polysaccharide which was electrophoretically homogeneous and contained D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactose, L-glycero-D-mano-heptose, D-glycero-D-manno-heptose, glucosamine, and galactosamine in an approximate molar ratio of 6.5:3.5:0.5:1.0:0.5:1.0:0.2. However, following methylation it was found that the fully methylated polysaccharide could be fractionated by organic solvents into a rhamnoglucan and a heptoglucan. Both polysaccharides contained lipid material consisting mainly of hydroxy myristic acid and hydroxy lauric acid. The main chain of the rhamnoglucan was composed of (1 → 3) linked L-rhamnopyranose units and (1 → 4) linked D-glucose units with the non reducing end groups being D-glucose; some branching occurred through D-glucose units. The heptoglucan was composed mainly of chains of (1 → 4) linked D-glucose units with smaller amounts of (1 → 6) linked D-glucose and (1 → 2) linked D-glycero-D-manno-heptose units; these chains were terminated by D-glucopyranose and L-glycero-D-manno-heptose end groups.

Dependence of extracellular chitinase activity of Serratia marcescens QMB1466 on continuous culture dilution rate

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel E. Young ◽  
Paul A. Carroad
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Dilution Rate ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Catabolite Repression ◽  
Chitinase Activity

The production of chitinase by Serratia marcescens QMB1466 was studied in continuous culture with N-acetylglucosamine as limiting substrate. Enzyme activity in the culture filtrate exhibited a maximum with respect to dilution rate, a phenomenon that can be explained as a balance between induction and catabolite repression.

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