BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON A MODIFIED AND NORMAL CHOLINESTERASE FOUND IN THE LEVERKUSEN STRAINS OF THE TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE TETRANYCHUS URTICAE

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Voss ◽  
F. Matsumura
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Affinity Constant ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Interstrain Difference ◽  
Michaelis Constants ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Low Sensitivity

The properties of two different cholinesterases present in the organophosphorus-insecticide-resistant Leverkusen strain and its susceptible counterpart were investigated and compared. The cholinesterase of the Leverkusen resistant strain is characterized by a low sensitivity to organophosphate inhibitors, as is represented by an increase in the enzyme-inhibitor affinity constant (KI). This statement is in accordance with the finding that the ratio of the Michaelis constants for the two cholinesterases is 4, whereas the ratio of the respective maximum velocities (vmax) was only 1.2. Since those organophosphate inhibitors are known to attack only the esteratic site of the cholinesterase, the above finding can be interpreted to mean that the cholinesterase of the resistant strain possesses an abnormally weak esteratic site in terms of its affinity for the substrate as well as for the inhibitor. To investigate the extent of alteration of the esteratic site, a series of organophosphate poisons was tested against these cholinesterases. It was found that the interstrain difference was maximal with the shortest dialkyl side chain of the phosphorus atom, and that the difference decreased with the increase in the dialkyl carbon chain length. Similar findings were made when eholinesters with different acyl groups were tested as substrates. Propionylcholine was hydrolyzed at a faster rate than acetylcholine in both mite strains, and distinct interstrain differences in the cholinesterase activity towards these substrates were observed; with butyrylcholine, however, this interstrain difference was undetectable. Properties of mite cholinesterase were compared with those of insect and mammalian cholinesterases.

scholarly journals PSII-15 Hydrogenation of palm kernel oil, palm oil, and soybean oil on energy and lipid digestibility, and performance when fed to 20 to 40 kg pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 231-232
Author(s):  
Sophia Breuer ◽  
Brian Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Lipid Source ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding hydrogenated palm kernel oil (PKO), palm oil (PO), or soybean oil (SO) relative to unhydrogenated PKO, PO, and SO on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and ether extract (EE), and on pig performance, in to 20 to 40 kg pigs. One hundred and fifty-four pigs (39.5 ± 3.6 kg BW) were randomly assigned to one of 9 diets composed of a basal diet, or test diets containing 94% of the basal diet and 6% added lipid. Lipids consisted of either unhydrogenated or hydrogenated PKO, PO, or SO in a factorial arrangement. The basal diet contained titanium dioxide as an inert maker and was used to determine the ATTD of GE or EE of each lipid using the difference method. There were 2 pigs per pen with pigs ad libitum fed for 25 d to measure growth performance. On d 23 and 24, a fresh fecal sample was obtained from each pen to measure ATTD of GE and EE. There was an interaction between lipid source and hydrogenation for ATTD of GE and EE of the lipid (P ≤ 0.01), where hydrogenation of PKO had no effect on ATTD of GE or EE of the lipid, while hydrogenation of PO and SO resulted in a reduction in the ATTD of GE and EE compared to their unhydrogenated counterparts. There was also an interaction between lipid source and hydrogenation on GF (P ≤ 0.01) where hydrogenation of PKO had no effect on GF while hydrogenation of PO and SO resulted in a reduction in GF compared to their unhydrogenated counterparts. The data show that hydrogenation of PKO has no impact on ATTD of GE and EE of the lipid, or on GF, but hydrogenation of PO or SO reduce ATTD of GE and EE of the lipid, and GF, due to their fatty acids being longer in carbon chain length.

Extraction of Lanthanide(III) and Uranyl(VI) from Nitric Acid Solution by Malonamides

1994 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nakamura ◽  
Yuki Matsuda ◽  
Chie Miyake
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Aliphatic Alcohol ◽  
Mixed Solvent ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Enthalpy Changes ◽  
Metal Nitrates ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Phase Compatibility

AbstractThe extractive properties of two malonamide extractants, DMDBO3NPDA and DMDBMA were investigated for the extraction of lanthanide(III) and uranyl(VI) ions in benzene-nitric acid systems. It was found that DMDBO3NPDA has a higher extractive capacity than DMDBMA. The difference in their extracting capacities is discussed, based on the enthalpy changes for the extraction reactions and IR data for complexes of metal nitrates with malonamides. In addition, the applicability of a mixed solvent of n-dodecane and some aliphatic alcohols as a diluent for DMDBO3NPDA was examined. The longer the carbon chain and the higher the concentration of the aliphatic alcohol, the more the phase compatibility improves. The distribution ratios of neodymium(III) ion increase with an increase in the carbon chain length of linear aliphatic alcohol and with a decrease in its concentration.

Ionic liquid-biosurfactant blends as effective dispersants for oil spills: Effect of carbon chain length and degree of saturation

2021 ◽  
pp. 117119
Author(s):  
Mansoor Ul Hassan Shah ◽  
Ambavaram Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy ◽  
Suzana Yusup ◽  
Masahiro Goto ◽  
Muhammad Moniruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Carbon Chain Length

Synthesis and Interfacial Activity of Alkyl Polyoxypropylene Sulfonate for Chemical Combination Flooding

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
You Yi Zhu ◽  
Zhang Lei Ning ◽  
Qing Feng Hou ◽  
Ming Lei ◽  
Guo Qing Jian
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Divalent Cation ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Formation Water ◽  
Interfacial Activity ◽  
Chemical Combination ◽  
Ultralow Interfacial Tension ◽  
Oil Formation

A serious of alkyl polyoxypropylene sulfonate surfactant was synthesized. The O/W interfacial activity of alkyl polyoxypropylene sulfonate surfactant was investigated. The results showed that the interfacial tension of Indonesia crude oil/formation water could reach ultralow level (10-3mN/m order of the magnitude) under weak alkali (Na2CO3) concentration from 0.4wt% to 1.0wt% with C16PO8S, C16PO10S, C18PO8S and C18PO10S alkyl polyoxypropylene sulfonate respectively. These surfactants showed good interface activity and salt and divalent cation tolerance ability. Combinations of alkyl polyoxypropylene sulfanate homologies with different carbon chain length could significantly improve the interface activity. The IFT of Indonesia oil/formation water could reach ultralow interfacial tension under alkali free conditions. The combination of alkyl polyoxypropylene sulfonate surfactant with petroleum sulfonate could improve the salt tolerance ability of formula.

Controlling the Secondary Assembly of Porous Anionic Uranyl-organic Polyhedra through Organic Cationic Templates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwen Zeng ◽  
Kong-qiu Hu ◽  
Zhi-wei Huang ◽  
Lei Mei ◽  
Xianghe Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Organic Templates ◽  
Secondary Assembly

Herein, we report a new uranyl-organic polyhedron U4L4 (L=BTPCA) assembled from uranyl and a semirigid tritopic ligand. By adjusting the carbon chain length of the organic templates, two complexes can...

scholarly journals Markers of Perioperative Bowel Complications in Colorectal Surgery Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radomír Hyšpler ◽  
Alena Tichá ◽  
Milan Kaška ◽  
Lenka Žaloudková ◽  
Lenka Plíšková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Surgery ◽  
Anastomotic Leakage ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complications ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Colorectal cancer is a clinical condition whose treatment often involves intestinal resection. Such treatment frequently results in two major gastrointestinal complications after surgery: anastomotic leakage and prolonged ileus. Anastomotic leakage is a serious complication which, more often than not, is diagnosed late; to date, C-reactive protein is the only available diagnostic marker. A monocentric, prospective, open case-control study was performed in patients(n=117)undergoing colorectal surgery. Intestinal fatty acid binding protein (i-FABP), citrulline, D-lactate, exhaled hydrogen,Escherichia coligenomic DNA, and ischemia modified albumin (IMA) were determined preoperatively, postoperatively, and on the following four consecutive days. Bacterial DNA was not detected in any sample, and i-FABP and D-lactate lacked any distinct potential to detect postoperative bowel complications. Exhaled breath hydrogen content showed unacceptably low sensitivity. However, citrulline turned out to be a specific marker for prolonged ileus on postoperative days 3-4. Using a cut-off value of 20 μmol/L, a sensitivity and specificity of ~75% was achieved on postoperative day 4. IMA was found to be an efficient predictor of anastomosis leak by calculating the difference between preoperative and postoperative values. This test had 100% sensitivity and 80% specificity and 100% negative and 20% positive predictive value.

Effect of carbon chain length on biological activity of novel palladium (II) complexes

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 172-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
En-Jun Gao ◽  
Hong Fu ◽  
Ming-Chang Zhu ◽  
Chi Ma ◽  
Shi-Kai Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length
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