PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE SOLUBLE ESTERASES OF HUMAN KIDNEY

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Ecobichon ◽  
W. Kalow
Keyword(s):  
Human Kidney ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Serum Cholinesterase ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Zone Characteristic

Water-soluble proteins and enzymes of human kidney were separated by vertical zone electrophoresis in starch gel and compared with those of human serum and liver. In most individuals 11 bands of proteins were detected with the aid of amido black B; some individuals had one additional band. Various substrates and inhibitors were used in efforts to identify enzymes. Five zones of esterase activity were found. One zone, characteristic of serum cholinesterase, was believed to be due to serum contained in the tissue. A zone of isozymic esterases was found to be common to both human liver and kidney and reacted like acetylesterase. Another zone, migrating at a rate approximating that of serum albumin, reacted like an aliesterase. Three small esterase bands, showing a marked hydrolysis of α-naphthyl butyrate, were found to be characteristic of renal tissue on comparison with hepatic tissue and serum. Observations on alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase, lactic dehydrogenase, and catalase were recorded for comparison with the data on esterases.

PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE SOLUBLE ESTERASES OF HUMAN SKELETAL AND SMOOTH MUSCLE

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Ecobichon ◽  
W. Kalow
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Serum Cholinesterase ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Zone Characteristic

Water-soluble proteins and enzymes of human skeletal and smooth muscle were separated by vertical-zone electrophoresis in starch gel and compared with those of human liver and kidney. Thirteen bands of proteins were detected with amido black in skeletal muscle, five of which were also detected in smooth muscle. Various substrates and inhibitors were used in efforts to identify enzymes. Ten bands of esterase activity were detected in skeletal muscle, and nine in smooth muscle. One zone, characteristic of serum cholinesterase, was believed to be due to serum contained in the tissue. A zone of isozymic esterases found in skeletal and smooth muscle was similar to a zone in human liver and kidney and reacted like an acetylesterase. Other esterase bands, which showed a marked hydrolysis of α-naphthyl butyrate, were similar to aliesterases of renal tissue. Observations on alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, aminopeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase, and catalase were recorded for comparison with the data on esterases.

PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE SOLUBLE ESTERASES OF HUMAN BRAIN

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Ecobichon
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Esterase Pattern ◽  
Vertical Zone ◽  
Zone Electrophoresis ◽  
Starch Gel

Water-soluble proteins and enzymes of human brain were separated by vertical zone electrophoresis in starch gel. Fifteen bands of esterase activity were detected in brain. Various substrates and inhibitors were used in efforts to identify enzymes in addition to a comparison of the esterase pattern with patterns obtained from other human tissues. One zone, composed of four bands of acetylesterase activity, was found to be common to all the tissues investigated with the exception of serum. Two bands of cholinesterase and two bands of A-esterase activity were identified. The remaining bands, which were aliesterases possessing broad overlapping substrate specificity and inhibitor sensitivity, were electrophoretically different from those of other tissues. Observations on alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase were recorded for comparison with the data on esterases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Coating with TiO2 Nanoparticles as an Option for the Improvement of the Characteristics of NiTi Archwires: Histopathological, Cytotoxic, and Genotoxic Evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Morán-Martínez ◽  
Roberto Beltrán del Río-Parra ◽  
Nadia Denys Betancourt-Martínez ◽  
Rubén García-Garza ◽  
Joel Jiménez-Villarreal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Niti Alloy ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
The Times ◽  
Nuclear Alterations

For the EPD, different voltages and different times were used. Male rats were used in four groups (n=3) with different treatments. The blood sample was obtained for genotoxic analysis and liver and kidney organs were removed for histopathological analysis. The amount of NPs TiO2 deposited on the samples of the arches increases gradually in the times of 15 and 30 s. At all voltages, however, at 45, 60, 75, and 90 s, there is an increase up to 25 V. Cell viability in lymphocytes treated with TiO2 NPs did not cause genotoxicity. In the histopathological findings of hepatic and renal tissue, nuclear alterations and necrosis were observed. The objective of the study was to improve the physical and biocompatibility characteristics of the NiTi arches for which the EPD is used. The technique for the deposition of TiO2 NPs was used, where this technique could be used as an economical and versatile way to perform homogeneous depositions even on surfaces with the complexity of the NiTi alloy. As for genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, we continue to have controversial results.

Water-soluble Polysaccharides of Porphyra Species : a Note on the Classification of P. naiadum

Nature ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 195 (4839) ◽  
pp. 398-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. REES ◽  
E. CONWAY
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble

A comparison of cobalamin binding by liver and kidney in rat and man

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. D. Scott ◽  
E. P. W. Bowman ◽  
W. G. E. Cooksley
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Binding Constants ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Specific Adsorption ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Liver And Kidney

1. Binding of cobalamin (Cbl) was compared in liver and kidney plasma membranes prepared from rat and human tissues. 2. Single, high-affinity, saturable (200 pmol/l), binding sites for TC II-Cbl were found in all tissues; by contrast no receptors were present for free cobalamin, for which only non-specific adsorption occurred. 3. Binding constants for TC II-CNCbl determined for liver and kidney plasma membranes were of a similar magnitude. Mean values for Ka (litre/nmol) were 16.7 (rat liver), 18.8 (rat kidney), 8.0 (human liver) and 7.5 (human kidney). 4. Results for binding TC II-OHCbl instead of TC II-CNCbl showed no difference in Ka and Bmax. values, although the non-specific adsorption was decreased to a third. 5. Competitive inhibition results showed that the receptors are specific for the TC II molecule and that binding is unaffected either by the cobalamin moiety or by the presence of free cobalamin. Degradation of the receptor protein molecules by trypsin (10 μg/ml) resulted in 90% inhibition of binding. 6. It is concluded that differences between liver and kidney in cobalamin uptake and accumulation cannot be attributed to differences in their TC II receptors.

scholarly journals N-Acetylcysteine Alleviated the Deltamethrin-Induced Oxidative Cascade and Apoptosis in Liver and Kidney Tissues

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 638
Author(s):  
Ali Allam ◽  
Ahmed Abdeen ◽  
Hari Prasad Devkota ◽  
Samar S. Ibrahim ◽  
Gehan Youssef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Antioxidant Markers

Deltamethrin (DLM) is a synthetic pyrethroid with anti-acaricide and insecticidal properties. It is commonly used in agriculture and veterinary medicine. Humans and animals are exposed to DLM through the ingestion of polluted food and water, resulting in severe health issues. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a prodrug of L-cysteine, the precursor to glutathione. It can restore the oxidant-antioxidant balance. Therefore, this research aimed to examine whether NAC may protect broiler chickens against oxidative stress, at the level of biochemical and molecular alterations caused by DLM intoxication. The indicators of liver and kidney injury in the serum of DLM-intoxicated and NAC-treated groups were examined. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant markers, superoxide dismutase activity, and apoptotic gene expressions (caspase-3 and Bcl-2) were investigated. All parameters were significantly altered in the DLM-intoxicated group, suggesting that DLM could induce oxidative damage and apoptosis in hepato-renal tissue. The majority of the changes in the studied parameters were reversed when NAC therapy was used. In conclusion, by virtue of its antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties, NAC enabled the provision of significant protection effects against DLM-induced hepato-renal injury.

scholarly journals Studying the system IL-1 and G-CSF in hydronephrosis as a perspective of creating new diagnostic test systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
N. Vechkanova ◽  
N. Stepanov ◽  
I. Mashnin ◽  
Z. Duvayarov ◽  
V. Selkin
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Promising Direction ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Contradictory Data

Hydronephrosis refers to diseases of the urinary system, which are characterized by high prevalence. Moreover, this pathology of all obstructive uropathies, leading to a decrease in the function of the renal parenchyma, accounts for up to 15% of cases. Therefore, the search for various markers involved in the development and progression of kidney damage is particularly relevant, since in the literature there are very contradictory data. Our article presents the results of a survey of 40 patients with established and confirmed diagnosis of stage I hydronephrosis (according to the classification of N. A. Lopatkin), and 20 completely healthy people (control group). All patients initially and at the end of the study determined the levels of cytokines: IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-1ra and G-CSF. We found that patients with hydronephrosis had higher rates of pro-inflammatory components of the IL-1β system: IL-1β — 104.42 (75% CI [111.8–151.4]) pg/ml, which was significantly higher than in the control group 3.7 times. In patients with hydronephrosis, there is an increase in the levels of IL-1β, IL-1a, and G-CSF against the background of a decrease in IL-1ra. The study of the IL-1 and G-CSF systems in dynamics during hydronephrosis is a very promising direction, opening up enormous opportunities in creating effective diagnostic markers of hydronephrosis in the very early stages of the formation of this pathology. Thus, analysis of the literature indicates that damage to the renal tissue in obstructive uropathies is an extremely complex process, and the initiation of fibrogenesis processes with partial inhibition of resorption leads to remodelling of connective tissue and progression of nephrosclerosis.

Enzyme variation in the Anopheles gambiae Giles group of species (Diptera: Culicidae)

1978 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Malic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae Giles ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

AbstractThe genotypes of chromosomally-identified individuals from natural populations of the known species of the group of Anopheles gambiae Giles were scored for the enzyme protein structural loci coding for adenylate kinase (Adk), α-naphthyl acetate esterase (Est-1, Est-2, Est-3), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (Got), α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (αGpd), hexokinase (Hk), isocitric dehydrogenase (Idh), lactic dehydrogenase (Ldh), ‘leucine’ aminopeptidase (Lap-2), malic enzyme (Me), octanol dehydrogenase (Odh), phosphoglucomutase (Pgm-1, Pgm-2), 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase (6-Pgd), phosphohexose isomerase (Phi) and superoxide dismutase (Sod), following starch gel electrophoresis. In the material examined, Est-1, Est-2, Est-3, Got, ldh, Lap-2, Odh, Pgm-1, Pgm-2 and Sod were segregating for two or more alleles; unique alleles at the Est-1, Got and Sod loci produced species-specific phenotypes in A. melas (Theo.), species C and species D, respectively. The further sampling of A. merus Dön, populations supported the presence of a unique SOD phenotype by which this species can also be identified. Of the other enzyme systems examined, no activity following electrophoresis was detected for aldolase and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, and the resolution of acid and alkaline phosphatase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase and xanthine dehydrogenase was too poor under the particular electrophoretic conditions for genetic analyses of the enzyme phenotypes.

scholarly journals A detection method for lactic dehydrogenase activity in the inner ear.

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Omata ◽  
I Ohtani ◽  
K Ohtsuki ◽  
J Ouchi
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cells ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Organ Of Corti ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Outer Hair Cells ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Membranous Labyrinth

A method for the detection of lactic dehydrogenase enzymatic activity in outer hair cells of the rabbit is described. The membranous labyrinth with temporal bone was prefixed in glutaraldehyde. After being placed into the incubation medium, it was postfixed in osmium tetroxide. Specimens of the organ of Corti were removed. Then the specimens were embedded in water-soluble glycol and cut with a cryostat for light microscopy, and also they were embedded in Epon and cut for light and electron microscopy. Sectioning of the membranous labyrinth was very easily made when the specimens were embedded in both the water-soluble glycol and the Epon. The structures of the frozen sections as well as the Epon-embedded ones were well preserved. In the frozen sections the preservation and localization of reaction products were thoroughly kept, but monoformazan of the Epon-embedded sections was soluble.

WATER-SOLUBLE SALTS IN THE PARENT MATERIAL OF SOLONETZIC AND CHERNOZEMIC SOILS IN SASKATCHEWAN

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Ballantyne
Keyword(s):  
No Value ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Low Sodium

The B, C1 and a C2 horizon were sampled from 26 Solonetz and 35 Orthic Chernozemic profiles. Water-soluble analyses were done on all samples. Soil profiles developed from saline parent material may be in either the Solonetzic or Chernozemic Order. Eighty-eight percent of the Solonetz and 34% of the Chernozemic profiles were developed on saline C2 horizons. Seventy-three percent of the Solonetz were developed on C2 horizons that were saline and contained over 40% water-soluble sodium. No Chernozemics developed on this type of C2 material. Forty-nine percent of the Chernozemics developed on non-saline, low-sodium C2 horizons. No Solonetz profiles developed on this type of C2 horizon. This information could be used to assist in the classification of Solonetzic and Chernozemic soils. The pH of the B, C1 or C2 horizons was of no value in distinguishing between Solonetzic and Chernozemic soils.

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