ACETATE INCORPORATION INTO CHOLESTEROL AND FATTY ACIDS BY LIVERS OF FETAL, SUCKLING, AND WEANED RATS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mevalonic Acid ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Suckling Rats ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Fetal Rats ◽  
Liver Homogenates ◽  
Intact Rats

Liver homogenates from fetal rats gave good incorporation of labelled acetate into cholesterol and fatty acids, but liver slices or homogenates from suckling rats gave very little incorporation. The amount of acetate incorporated increased greatly as soon as the suckling rats began to eat a commercial diet. Mevalonic acid was incorporated into cholesterol equally well by liver slices from suckling and weaned rats. Acetate given orally or intraperitoneally to intact rats was incorporated into liver cholesterol and fatty acids to a lesser extent in suckling rats than in rats weaned to a commercial diet. Plasma cholesterols were elevated in suckling rats and dropped to normal adult levels at weaning. Liver cholesterols tended to be slightly higher in suckling rats.

ACETATE INCORPORATION INTO CHOLESTEROL AND FATTY ACIDS BY LIVER SLICES FROM RATS FED COMMERCIAL OR SEMISYNTHETIC DIETS: THE EFFECT OF DIETARY FATS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mevalonic Acid ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Rate Limiting Step ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Insoluble Portion

Liver slices from rats fed a commercial diet incorporated more acetate-1-C14 into cholesterol than did slices from rats fed semisynthetic diets. The stimulatory effect of the commercial diet was due in part to a saponifiable component of the ether-soluble portion of the diet, possibly linoleic acid; and in part to the ether-insoluble portion of the diet. Dietary fats stimulated acetate incorporation into cholesterol more when mixed with the ether-insoluble portion of commercial diet than when mixed with semisynthetic diet. With either diet, unsaturated fats stimulated incorporation more than saturated fats. The rate-limiting step in these experiments was prior to mevalonic acid in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. Acetate incorporation into fatty acids was little affected by the nature of the dietary fat or the diet in which it was fed.

EFFECTS OF DIET ON INCORPORATION OF ACETATE-1-C14 INTO CHOLESTEROL BY RAT LIVER SLICES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 649-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Test Diet ◽  
Semisynthetic Diet ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

The rate of incorporation of acetate-1-C14 into cholesterol by rat liver slices decreased when animals were transferred from a commercial chow diet to semisynthetic diets. A greater decrease was observed when the test diet contained oleic acid or olive oil than when it contained higher homologues of oleic acid, or preparations of cerebrosides. The decrease was not affected by the presence or absence of fat-soluble vitamins in the test diet containing oleic acid. Amphenone B affected acetate incorporation into liver cholesterol differently depending on whether it was fed in a chow diet or a semisynthetic diet. The incorporation of acetate into liver fatty acids of rats fed various diets usually increased or decreased with incorporation into cholesterol but differences between groups were less marked. Incorporation of acetate into cholesterol by intestinal mucosa was relatively insensitive to changes in diet.

EFFECTS OF DIET ON INCORPORATION OF ACETATE-1-C14 INTO CHOLESTEROL BY RAT LIVER SLICES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 649-656
Author(s):  
K. K. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Test Diet ◽  
Semisynthetic Diet ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

The rate of incorporation of acetate-1-C14 into cholesterol by rat liver slices decreased when animals were transferred from a commercial chow diet to semisynthetic diets. A greater decrease was observed when the test diet contained oleic acid or olive oil than when it contained higher homologues of oleic acid, or preparations of cerebrosides. The decrease was not affected by the presence or absence of fat-soluble vitamins in the test diet containing oleic acid. Amphenone B affected acetate incorporation into liver cholesterol differently depending on whether it was fed in a chow diet or a semisynthetic diet. The incorporation of acetate into liver fatty acids of rats fed various diets usually increased or decreased with incorporation into cholesterol but differences between groups were less marked. Incorporation of acetate into cholesterol by intestinal mucosa was relatively insensitive to changes in diet.

EFFECT OF ERUCIC ACID ON INCORPORATION OF ACETATE-1-C14 INTO CHOLESTEROL AND FATTY ACIDS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Acid Incorporation ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Fatty Acid Incorporation

Young male rats were fed synthetic diets containing either no fat or various individual fatty acids for 3 to 4 weeks. They were then killed and the incorporation of acetate-1-C14 into cholesterol and fatty acids was measured in liver slices and in scrapings of intestinal mucosa. Acetate incorporation into cholesterol by liver slices was much greater in animals fed erucic acid than in those fed no fat, palmitic, stearic, oleic, or linoleic acids. A marked differential was not observed in fatty acid incorporation but values tended to be higher on the fat-free and erucic acid diets. Erucic acid did not stimulate acetate incorporation into cholesterol by mucosa and in general mucosa seemed to be less sensitive to changes in diet. The results are discussed in relation to previously observed effects of erucic acid on cholesterol metabolism.

THE EFFECT OF DIETARY OILS AND FATTY ACIDS ON CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM IN THE RAT

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
B. B. Migicovsky
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Oils ◽  
Liver Homogenates

Rats were fed diets containing 20% oils and 9% fatty acids and the effect of these compounds on cholesterol metabolism was studied. Unsaturated oils and fatty acids increased total cholesterol in the liver and stimulated the incorporation of C14-acetate into cholesterol both in vivo and in liver homogenates. Saturated material such as coconut oil and lauric acid had the opposite effect with respect to amount of liver cholesterol and to in vivo incorporation. The saturated material had no significant effect on synthesis in homogenates. The effect of oils in the diet was rapid, the stimulating effect of rapeseed oils being observed after the rats had been placed on the diet for as short a period as 3 days.

THE EFFECT OF DIETARY OILS AND FATTY ACIDS ON CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM IN THE RAT

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
B. B. Migicovsky
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Oils ◽  
Liver Homogenates

Rats were fed diets containing 20% oils and 9% fatty acids and the effect of these compounds on cholesterol metabolism was studied. Unsaturated oils and fatty acids increased total cholesterol in the liver and stimulated the incorporation of C14-acetate into cholesterol both in vivo and in liver homogenates. Saturated material such as coconut oil and lauric acid had the opposite effect with respect to amount of liver cholesterol and to in vivo incorporation. The saturated material had no significant effect on synthesis in homogenates. The effect of oils in the diet was rapid, the stimulating effect of rapeseed oils being observed after the rats had been placed on the diet for as short a period as 3 days.

In Vivo Incorporation of Labeled Acetate into Liver and Serum Lipids of Rate on Different Dietary Regimens

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Serdarevich ◽  
K. K. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Suckling Rats

Incorporation of intravenously injected 1-14C-acetate into lipids of liver and serum was studied in suckling rats and in rats fed commercial or semisynthetic diets containing no added fat, 15% butter, or 15% corn oil. Incorporation into liver cholesterol was higher on commercial than on semisynthetic diets and was stimulated by addition of corn oil to either diet. Incorporation into fatty acids did not parallel incorporation into cholesterol in the different dietary groups. Serum lipids tended to show a pattern of labeling similar to that of liver. Suckling rats showed low incorporation into both cholesterol and fatty acids. In general, these results correspond to the findings of earlier in vitro studies.

In Vitro Metabolism of Fatty Acids by Adipose and Liver Tissue of the Adrenalectomized Rat

1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Perry ◽  
Helen F. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Octanoic Acid ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Liver Slice ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Slice Preparation ◽  
Progressive Loss ◽  
Liver Slices

The utilization of acetate and octanoate by adipose tissue from rats 1 and 2 weeks postadrenalectomy has been studied. In addition, acetate incorporation into liver fatty acids and ketogenesis by liver slices from 2-week postoperative animals has been measured. Adrenalectomy resulted in a progressive loss of fat from adipose tissue. At 1-week postadrenalectomy the incorporation of acetate into fatty acids by adipose tissue did not differ from the control preparations but was much increased 2 weeks after adrenalectomy. At this time there was no increase in utilization of added octanoic acid by the adipose tissue and neither at 1 nor at 2 weeks was the production of CO2 from either acetate or octanoic significantly different from normal. Liver slices from 2-week adrenalectomized animals had a markedly defective ability to incorporate acetate into liver fatty acids similar to that previously noted in 1-week animals. However, liver slice preparation from 2-week adrenalectomized rats showed increased ketone body formation, indicating increased fatty acid utilization by the liver. It is suggested that there is a gradual mobilization of fat from the depots to the liver in the adrenalectomized rat with increased utilization of fat by the liver.

USE OF LIVER HOMOGENATES FOR STUDIES ON THE INTRACELLULAR SITE OF UBIQUINONE BIOSYNTHESIS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1615-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. J. Phillips ◽  
M. Hidiroglou ◽  
G. Hatina
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Mevalonic Acid ◽  
Subcellular Fractions ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Saponifiable Matter ◽  
Liver Homogenates ◽  
Intact Rats

Mevalonic acid was incorporated into the ubiquinone and sterol fractions of rat-liver homogenates. The incorporation of mevalonate was increased approximately 10-fold in the total non-saponifiable matter including sterol by use of the in vitro homogenate system as compared with intact rats. The incorporation into the ubiquinones was decreased. The addition of potential ring precursors, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, L-phenylalanine, or L-tyrosine to the homogenate system did not increase incorporation of mevalonate into ubiquinone.Incubation of subcellular fractions from rat-liver homogenates demonstrated that supernate plus either mitochondria or microsomes were necessary for the biosynthesis of ubiquinone.

Influence of diet on utilization of glucose and incorporation of acetate-I-C14 into liver fatty acids and cholesterol in rats

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Christophe ◽  
Jean Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Purina Laboratory ◽  
The One

A comparative study of glucose utilization, insulin sensitivity and in vivo incorporation of acetate-C14 into liver fatty acids and cholesterol was conducted in male adult rats. These animals were maintained for 4 weeks on three high carbohydrate diets (glucose, fructose or galactose), a high protein diet (casein), a high fat diet (lard) or Ralston Purina laboratory chow. Glucose utilization was high on the glucose diet and low on the fat diet. Incorporation of C14 into liver fatty acids was very high on the fructose diet, high on the protein and glucose diets, low on chow, and very low on the fat diet. Incorporation of C14 into liver cholesterol was relatively high on chow and relatively low on the fat diet. Glucose utilization in prefasted states and incorporation of acetate into liver fatty acids in fed states were roughly parallel on various diets but no correlation could be noted between glucose utilization and acetate incorporation into liver fatty acids on the one hand and incorporation of acetate into liver cholesterol on the other.

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