In Vivo Incorporation of Labeled Acetate into Liver and Serum Lipids of Rate on Different Dietary Regimens

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Serdarevich ◽  
K. K. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Suckling Rats

Incorporation of intravenously injected 1-14C-acetate into lipids of liver and serum was studied in suckling rats and in rats fed commercial or semisynthetic diets containing no added fat, 15% butter, or 15% corn oil. Incorporation into liver cholesterol was higher on commercial than on semisynthetic diets and was stimulated by addition of corn oil to either diet. Incorporation into fatty acids did not parallel incorporation into cholesterol in the different dietary groups. Serum lipids tended to show a pattern of labeling similar to that of liver. Suckling rats showed low incorporation into both cholesterol and fatty acids. In general, these results correspond to the findings of earlier in vitro studies.

scholarly journals Hepatic de novo lipogenesis is suppressed and fat oxidation is increased by omega-3 fatty acids at the expense of glucose metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte J Green ◽  
Camilla Pramfalk ◽  
Catriona A Charlton ◽  
Pippa J Gunn ◽  
Thomas Cornfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
De Novo ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

ObjectiveIncreased hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is suggested to be an underlying cause in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and/or insulin resistance. It is suggested that omega-3 fatty acids (FA) lower hepatic DNL. We investigated the effects of omega-3 FA supplementation on hepatic DNL and FA oxidation using a combination of human in vivo and in vitro studies.Research design and methodsThirty-eight healthy men were randomized to take either an omega-3 supplement (4 g/day eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)+docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as ethyl esters) or placebo (4 g/day olive oil) and fasting measurements were made at baseline and 8 weeks. The metabolic effects of omega-3 FAs on intrahepatocellular triacylglycerol (IHTAG) content, hepatic DNL and FA oxidation were investigated using metabolic substrates labeled with stable-isotope tracers. In vitro studies, using a human liver cell-line was undertaken to gain insight into the intrahepatocellular effects of omega-3 FAs.ResultsFasting plasma TAG concentrations significantly decreased in the omega-3 group and remained unchanged in the placebo group. Eight weeks of omega-3 supplementation significantly decreased IHTAG, fasting and postprandial hepatic DNL while significantly increasing dietary FA oxidation and fasting and postprandial plasma glucose concentrations. In vitro studies supported the in vivo findings of omega-3 FAs (EPA+DHA) decreasing intracellular TAG through a shift in cellular metabolism away from FA esterification toward oxidation.ConclusionsOmega-3 supplementation had a potent effect on decreasing hepatic DNL and increasing FA oxidation and plasma glucose concentrations. Attenuation of hepatic DNL may be considered advantageous; however, consideration is required as to what the potential excess of nonlipid substrates (eg, glucose) will have on intrahepatic and extrahepatic metabolic pathways.Trial registration numberNCT01936779.

In Vitro and In Vivo Inhibitory Effects of Alcohol on Platelet Functions of Rats Fed Dietary Saturated Fats.

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. McGregor ◽  
S. Renaud
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Platelet Functions

In the in vitro experiment, alcohol diluted in complete tyrode wae added, at 37°c, 2min before aggregation tests, to platelet-rich plasma (final dilution in plasma : 0.00016 and 0.00032%) from male, Sprague-Dawley rats. These animals were fed either laboratory chow or a high fat (40%) purified diet rich in either polyunsaturated fatty acids (22% corn oil) or in long chain saturated fatty acids (38% with 2% corn oil). Aggregation to thrombin but not to ADP was significantly reduced (50%) in all 3 groups of rats with 0.00032% alcohol, even in hyperaggregable animals fed saturated fats. Addition of 0.00016% alcohol slightly reduced platelet response to thrombin. The in vivo experiment consisted of feeding 48 weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats with purified diets, as mentioned above, rich in either polyunsaturated fatty acids or saturated fatty acids for at least 7 months. Morever, half of these animals had 6% alcohol in their drinking water for at least 2 months. Addition of alcohol, in drinking water, significantly prolonged platelet-rich plasma clotting time of saturated fat (101vs 136 sec) and in polyunsaturated fat group of animals (130vs 145 sec). Platelet maximal response of aggregation to thrombin (7.2vs 4.0 cm) and to ADP (9.0vs 5.7 cm) were significantly reduced by alcohol. Alcohol, in drinking water, appears to markedly inhibit platelet functions in rat. This seems to result from a direct effect on blood platelets since it can be partly reproduced by adding alcohol co platelet-rich plasma in vitro.

Effects of portacaval shunt and transposition on fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis in rat liver

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (2) ◽  
pp. G83-G89
Author(s):  
J. C. Pector ◽  
J. Winand ◽  
J. P. Dehaye ◽  
J. Christophe
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Portacaval Shunt ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Portacaval Transposition

Male rats underwent either portacaval shunt or portacaval transposition; in both cases, sham-operated pair-fed rats served as controls. Three weeks after a portacaval shunt, fasting serum values of glucose (-35%) and cholesterol (-24%) were lower, and fasting plasma glucagon was higher (+65%). The wet weight of the liver and its total content in DNA, RNA, and protein decreased by 43, 40, 43, and 48%, respectively. The supernatant of liver obtained after centrifugation at 700 g incorporated less [1-14C]acetate (-56%) into fatty acids and less [1-14C]acetate (-94%) and [2-14C]mevalonate (-37%) into cholesterol. The activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase was reduced by 56%. The in vivo incorporation of [3H]H2O into liver fatty acids was 83% lower and that into liver cholesterol was 39% lower than in pair-fed controls. Several of the preceding parameters, including in vitro and in vivo labeling of hepatic fatty acids and cholesterol, were found to be mostly normal in rats with portacaval transposition. These data suggest that the reduction of fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver of rats with portacaval shunt was due to the reduction of total hepatic blood flow rather than to the diversion of portal blood constituents.

The Venom of the Boomslang (Dispholidus Typus): In Vivo and in Vitro Studies

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 234-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Mackay ◽  
J.C Ferguson ◽  
Antonia Bagshawe ◽  
A.T.T Forrester ◽  
G.P Mcnicol
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Studies

SummaryAn account is given of the effects of boomslang venom in man. Evidence was found of a fibrinolytic state apparently secondary to the coagulant action of the venom. These features rapidly responded to the administration of specific antivenom. In vitro studies, using a homogenate of boomslang parotids, confirmed the coagulant properties of the venom and showed them to be of much greater potency than the proteolytic actions.

Effect of X-irradiation on gene expression of rat liver chemokines: in vivo and in vitro studies

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Moriconi ◽  
H Christiansen ◽  
H Christiansen ◽  
N Sheikh ◽  
J Dudas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
X Irradiation
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