SIDEROCALGIPHYLACTIC SENSITIZATION TO MASTOCYTE DISCHARGERS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Selye ◽  
Jean-Marie Dieudonné ◽  
René Veilleux
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Skin Wheals

Experiments on rats indicate that, following so-called siderocalciphylactic sensitization with dihydrotachysterol (DHT) and ferric dextran (Fe-Dex), the subcutaneous injection of minute amounts of various mastocyte depleters produces local calcified skin wheals. The possible role of the mastocyte in the production of physiologic and pathologic calcium depositions is briefly discussed.

SIDEROCALGIPHYLACTIC SENSITIZATION TO MASTOCYTE DISCHARGERS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Selye ◽  
Jean-Marie Dieudonné ◽  
René Veilleux
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Skin Wheals

Experiments on rats indicate that, following so-called siderocalciphylactic sensitization with dihydrotachysterol (DHT) and ferric dextran (Fe-Dex), the subcutaneous injection of minute amounts of various mastocyte depleters produces local calcified skin wheals. The possible role of the mastocyte in the production of physiologic and pathologic calcium depositions is briefly discussed.

Does Silicone Gel Migrate Via Lymphatics After Subcutaneous Injection?

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Philip P Narini ◽  
John L Semple ◽  
John B Hay ◽  
Stan J Lugowski ◽  
Dennis Smith
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Elemental Silicon ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
Silicone Gel ◽  
Silicone Polymers

PP Narini, JL Semple, JB Hay, SJ Lugowski, D Smith. Does silicone gel migrate via lymphatics after subcutaneous injection? Can J Plast Surg 1994;2(2):67-70. Reports have documented the presence of elemental silicon, evidence of silicone elastomer, or silicone polymers (gel) in lymph nodes and other sites distant from implanted prostheses. It has been suggested that this occurs via the lymphatic system; however, the mechanism of spread or migration of silicone has not been previously studied. This study investigated the possible role of lymphatics in the migration of silicone gel. In the sheep model, it is possible to obtain continuous samples of both afferent and efferent lymph by cannulating lymphatic vessels. The drainage areas of subcutaneous lymph nodes in the sheep have previously been studied. In our model, the efferent lymphatic vessel from the prefemoral lymph node was cannulated to obtain samples of lymph (efferent and ‘pseudoafferent’). After baseline samples were collected, 3 to 5 mL of free silicone gel was injected subcutaneously in the drainage area of this node. Samples (5 to 10 ml.) of lymph were continuously collected (for up to 50 days), sealed, stored at −20°C, and then submitted as a group for trace element analysis to quantitate the levels of elemental silicon. No statistically significant increase was seen in baseline levels of elemental silicon after silicone gel injections. Statistically significant higher levels of silicon were found in afferent (mean 799 ± 22 part per billion [ppb]) compared with efferent lymph (mean 607 ± 19 ppb). This experimental study did not identify significant increases in elemental silicon levels in lymphatic vessels after the subcutaneous introduction of free silicone gel. Higher levels were found in afferent versus efferent lymph. This implies that migration of silicone gel does not occur soon after the exposure of a subcutaneous space to free silicone gel, or that the migration of silicone gel may occur by a cellular mechanism that can bypass the lymphatic vessels.

Phase 2 Trial of Concurrent Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside in the Prophylactic Treatment of Bortezomib-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients of Multiple Myeloma

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 5399-5399
Author(s):  
Liang Wang ◽  
Zhongjun Xia ◽  
Xiaoqin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Partial Response ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Phase 2 Trial

Abstract Backgrounds Bortezomib is an important drug in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), and peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a significant dose-limiting toxicity of bortezomib. No effective prophylaxis has been defined for PN. Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM), a nerve-protecting drug, is often used to promote growth of nerve and function restoration of damaged nerve. The role of GM in the prophylaxis of bortezomib-induced PN in MM patients has never been investigated. Methods A phase 2 clinical trial was conducted in newly diagnosed MM patients to evaluate the value of GM in the prophylaxis of bortezomib-induced PN. All eligible patients were treated with VD (bortezomib 1.3mg/㎡,subcutaneous injection, d1 ,8,15,22, and dexamethasone 40mg, po,d1 ,8,15,22, 4 weeks a cycle) or CyBorD (cyclophosphamide 300mg/㎡,po,d1 ,8,15, bortezomib 1.3mg/㎡,subcutaneous injection, d1 ,8,1 5,22, and dexamethasone 40mg, po,d1 ,8,15,22, 4 weeks a cycle) for at least 4 cycles. GM was used at a dosage of 100mg/day intravenously at d1 -2, 8-9, 15-16, 22-23. No other nerve-protective drugs or thalidomide-containing regimens were allowed. The primary endpoint was overall incidence rate of PN (the grade of PN was recorded according to CTCAE v3.0). The secondary endpoints included duration of PN, complete response rate after 4 cycles of treatment, 1-year PFS and OS rate. (This trial was registered in ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT02093910). Results From February 2014 to February 2015, 25 patients of newly diagnosed MM were enrolled. The median age was 55 years old (37-75), and male to female ratio was 19:6. 5 patients had ISS stage I disease, 6 patients with stage II, and the remaining 14 patients with stage III. All patients received a median of 4 cycles (range 2-9) of Bortezomibcontaining regimens. At the time of data analysis, 84% of patients had at least partial response, 48% had at least very good partial response, and 24% had complete response. 7 patients experienced PN after a median of 2 cycles (range 1-4) of treatment, resulting in the overall PN rate of 28%. Among these 7 patients, only 1 patient (4%) had grade 2 PN, leading to dose reduction of bortezomib, and all other patients had grade 1 PN. During treatment, 1 patient (4%) had grade 2 diarrhea, and another 1 patient (4%) had herpes zoster infection. The concurrent use of GM did not introduce new side effects and seemed not compromise the efficacy of bortezomib. At a median follow up time of 8 months, 1-year PFS rate and OS rate were speculated to be 69.8% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions The early-term analysis of this phase 2 trial found it feasible to concurrently use GM and bortezomib-containing regimens, and GM had the potential role of reducing bortezomib-induced PN rate and severity without compromising efficacy. This needs to be validated in future phase 3 randomized clinical trials. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Ethosuximide inhibits acute histamine- and chloroquine-induced scratching behavior in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius M. Gadotti ◽  
Gerald W. Zamponi
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channels ◽  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Critical Function ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Sensory Pathway

AbstractWe have recently reported that the Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel which is well known for its key role in pain signalling, also mediates a critical function in the transmission of itch/pruritus. Here, we evaluated the effect of the clinically used anti-seizure medication ethosuximide, a well known inhibitor of T-type calcium channels, on male and female mice subjected to histaminergic- and non-histaminergic itch. When delivered intraperitoneally ethosuximide significantly reduced scratching behavior of mice of both sexes in response to subcutaneous injection of either histamine or chloroquine. When co-delivered subcutaneously together with either pruritogenic agent ethosuximide was also effective in inhibiting scratching responses in both male and female animals. Overall, our results are consistent with an important role of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in modulating histamine-dependent and histamine-independent itch transmission in the primary sensory pathway. Our findings also suggest that ethosuximide could be explored further as a possible therapeutic for the treatment of itch.

scholarly journals VASCULAR RESPONSEs TO THE SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
A.E. Volkov ◽  
G.V. Reva ◽  
M.V. Slesarenko ◽  
Y.V. Gordzievskaya ◽  
V.S. Tudakov
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Direct Inhibition ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
Inhibition Of Angiogenesis ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

The study presents the results of a study of the inhibitory role of gold nanoparticles, administered subcutaneously to mice line CBA. The migration paths of gold nanoparticles after subcutaneously injection have been studied, and the mechanisms of their influence on the tissue surrounding the injection site of nanoparticles have been examined. After subcutaneous injection, gold nanoparticles have been found to undergo phagocytosis by macrophages, some of which migrate to lymph node lymphoid follicles, and some enter the lumen of blood vessels, where nanoparticles exit the macrophage cytoplasm and enter the bloodstream. It has been established that as a result of the toxic effect of macrophages loaded with nanoparticles, the endothelium of the vessels growing into the tumor is destroyed. It was concluded that inhibition of angiogenesis and death of blood vessels in the tissues after the introduction of nanoparticles occurs in two ways. The first is not associated with direct inhibition of endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but with the deactivation of macrophages that produce VEGF, the molecules of which stimulate the formation of endothelium in growing blood vessels; and the second mechanism is implemented through the direct death of the endothelium during the migration of the macrophage through the vessel wall.

Effect of Plasma Fibrinogen Concentration on the Formation of Experimental Stasis Thrombus and Arterial Thrombus

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ueno ◽  
T. Maekawa ◽  
N. Kobavashi ◽  
S. Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Arterial Thrombus ◽  
Canine Serum

The role of plasma fibrinogen in the formation of the stasis thrombus of the jugular vein and experimental thrombus of the femoral artery was studied in dogs. The score of the stasis thrombus was determined according to Wessler’s standard. Thrombi were formed in all of the nine control dogs injected with 40 ml of normal canine serum containing 20 mg of watersoluble ellagic acid. In the eleven dogs with less than mg/dl of plasma fibrinogen concentration 18 to 24 hours after subcutaneous injection of defibrase no thrombi developed following iv injection with serum and ellagic aci... Thrombi of score 2 to 4 were formed in all of eight dogs with fibrinogen concentraron of more than 120 mg/dl after iv injection with serum and ellagic acid. The occludin, thrombus was produced in all of control dogs on the chemically intimectomized femor?l artery with stenosing ligature after iv injection with serum and ellagic acid. No thronbi developed in all of five defibrase injected dogs with fibrinogen concentration of less than 60 mg/dl on similary treated femoral artery following in injection with serum and ellagic acid. Occluding thrombus was formed in 7 out of the 9 defibrase treated dogs with fibrinogen concentration of 80 to 255 mg/dl.These results suggest that plasma fibrinogen concentration of more than 30 mg/dl is essential for the formation of either stasis thrombus or occluding arterial thrombus.

scholarly journals Artificial Induction of Lactation in Ewes: The Role of Prolactin

1975 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 525 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Fulkerson ◽  
GH McDowell ◽  
LR Fell
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Artificial Induction ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate

The mammary glands of 30 non-pregnant, intact ewes were developed by subcutaneously injecting oestrogen plus progesterone at intervals of 3 days from day 0 to day 27. Two days later (day 29), 15 ewes were injected subcutaneously with 18 mg ergocryptine, to inhibit specifically secretion of prolactin. Then groups of ewes, each comprising five ergocryptine-treated and five untreated ewes, were injected from days 30 to 34 with either four intravenous injections each day of 1 i.u. syntocinon, one subcutaneous injection each day of 10 mg dexamethasone trimethylacetate, or two subcutaneous injections each day of 2� 5 mg oestradiol benzoate plus 6�25 mg progesterone. All ewes were milked by hand on days 30-50. Within 24 h of injecting ergocryptine, levels of prolactin in serum were reduced to negligible values ( < 2 ng/ml).

scholarly journals ROLE OF THE REACTIVE OXYGEN AND NITROGEN SPECIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FIBROSIS IN THE TESTES OF RATS WITH PROLONGED CENTRAL DEPRIVATION OF TESTOSTERONE SYNTHESIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Ye.V. Stetsuk ◽  
O.Ye. Akimov ◽  
A.V. Mischenko
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Anion Radical ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Testosterone Synthesis

Prostate cancer is the second most common diagnosis in oncology and ranks the fifth among the causes of mortality in men around the world. 1,276,106 cases of newly diagnosed prostate cancer were recorded in 2018. Androgens play a large role in the development of prostate cancer. Elimination of androgens and blockade of their synthesis are key pathogenetic steps in the treatment of prostate cancer. Metabolic and morphological changes in the testes under prolonged central deprivation of testosterone synthesis are currently not well understood. The aim of this study was to establish the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the development of morphological changes in the testes of rats under prolonged central deprivation of testosterone synthesis. Materials and methods. The experiments were conducted on 20 sexually mature male Wistar rats. Animals were divided into 4 groups of 5 animals in each. The first group (control) received a subcutaneous injection of 0.9% sodium chloride for 180 days. The second group received a subcutaneous injection of diphereline (triptoreline) in a dose of 0.3 mg/kg of active agent for 30 days in order to simulate the central deprivation of testosterone synthesis. In the third group, diphereline was administered in a dose of 0.3 mg/kg of the active agent for 90 days. The fourth group received a subcutaneous injection of diphereline in a dose of 0.3 mg/kg of the active agent for 180 days. Small pieces of testes were fixed and enclosed in paraffin blocks; then 4-μm thick sections were made and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Histological preparations were studied using an optical microscope with a digital microphotographic nozzle Olympus C 3040-ADU with programs adapted for these studies. The total activity of NO synthases (gNOS), the activity of the inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS) and constitutive isoforms (cNOS), as well as the production of superoxide anion radical (O2•-) were determined in 10% homogenate of testes. Results. Long-term central deprivation of testosterone synthesis leads to an increase in the interstitial space volume with the development of fibrotic changes in the testes on the 180th day of the experiment. The wall of seminiferous tubules was compacted, swollen, there were a large number of parietal macrophages from the outside compared to previous periods of the experiment. In the structure of some convoluted seminiferous tubules, first there was discompletion and disorientation, and then desquamation of spermatids. The number of spermatogonia type A and B decreased. Hypochromia and pycnosis were noted in the nuclei. The activities of gNOS and iNOS increased until the 90th day and decreased by 180th when compared with 90th day, remaining higher than the activities of the control group. Activity of cNOS was reduced in all experimental groups. O2•- production increased in all experimental groups. Conclusion: an increase in the production of nitric oxide by the inducible isoform of NO synthase leads to destructive changes in the testes of rats with the subsequent development of fibrotic changes on the 180th day of central deprivation of testosterone synthesis by enhancing the production of superoxide anion radical.

PERMISSIVE ROLE OF l-THYROXINE IN THE INDUCTION OF STOMACH PEPSINOGEN BY CORTISOL IN NEONATAL RATS

1980 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASAYOSHI KUMEGAWA ◽  
TOSHIHIKO YAJIMA ◽  
NORIHIKO MAEDA ◽  
TAISHIN TAKUMA ◽  
SATOKO HOSODA
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Permissive Role

Subcutaneous injection of cortisol (10 μg/g body wt daily for 5 days) into normal neonatal rats increased the activity of stomach pepsinogen after day 5. l-Thyroxine (T4; 0·2 μg/g body wt daily for 5 days) alone did not affect the activity but it somewhat enhanced the effect of cortisol. Even before day 5, when no effect of cortisol alone was observed, T4 plus cortisol increased pepsinogen activity. In adrenalectomized, thyroidectomized neonatal rats, injection of cortisol alone did not induce enzyme activity but cortisol together with T4 did induce it. Moreover, the increase in pepsinogen activity was depressed in rats thyroidectomized on day 10 but not in those thyroidectomized on day 15. These results suggest that T4 does not have a direct effect on the stomach but plays an important role in making the stomach responsive to glucocorticoids, resulting in increased pepsinogen activity.

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