EFFECTS OF REPRODUCTIVE STAGE, SEX, AND GONADAL HORMONES ON HEXOSAMINE AND PROTEIN LEVELS OF AVIAN AND BOVINE SERA

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Grant ◽  
P. A. Anastassiadis
Keyword(s):  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Analytical Variance ◽  
Hexosamine Content

The levels of avian and bovine sera were determined for a number of animals of both sexes and different reproductive stages. The contents of both hexosamine and protein were higher in bovine than in avian serum. Maturation brought a large increase of the serum hexosamine in the female fowl and a small increase in the cow. Pregnancy brought a moderate increase of the hexosamine level in the cow. The hexosamine: protein ratio was smaller and more constant in the bovine than in the avian serum. The variances of the serum hexosamine and protein determinations were partitioned into analytical and biological variance and the analytical variance of hexosamine determination was partitioned into hydrolytic and colorimetric variance. The biological variance was much larger than the analytical, and for the determination of hexosamine the colorimetric variance was larger than the hydrolytic.In another study the effect o gonadal hormones on the level of serum hexosamine and on the value of hexosamine: protein ratio in the fowl was investigated by two experiments with immature pullets. Administration of estrogen increased the hexosamine content of serum and decreased the hexosamine: protein ratio. There were indications that the effect of estrogen on serum hexosamine was enhanced by androgen and was depressed by androgen plus progesterone.

EFFECTS OF REPRODUCTIVE STAGE, SEX, AND GONADAL HORMONES ON HEXOSAMINE AND PROTEIN LEVELS OF AVIAN AND BOVINE SERA

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 639-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Grant ◽  
P. A. Anastassiadis
Keyword(s):  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Analytical Variance ◽  
Hexosamine Content

The levels of avian and bovine sera were determined for a number of animals of both sexes and different reproductive stages. The contents of both hexosamine and protein were higher in bovine than in avian serum. Maturation brought a large increase of the serum hexosamine in the female fowl and a small increase in the cow. Pregnancy brought a moderate increase of the hexosamine level in the cow. The hexosamine: protein ratio was smaller and more constant in the bovine than in the avian serum. The variances of the serum hexosamine and protein determinations were partitioned into analytical and biological variance and the analytical variance of hexosamine determination was partitioned into hydrolytic and colorimetric variance. The biological variance was much larger than the analytical, and for the determination of hexosamine the colorimetric variance was larger than the hydrolytic.In another study the effect o gonadal hormones on the level of serum hexosamine and on the value of hexosamine: protein ratio in the fowl was investigated by two experiments with immature pullets. Administration of estrogen increased the hexosamine content of serum and decreased the hexosamine: protein ratio. There were indications that the effect of estrogen on serum hexosamine was enhanced by androgen and was depressed by androgen plus progesterone.

VASCULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THYROXINE

1961 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
lb Lorenzen
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Collagen Content ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Hexosamine Content ◽  
Healing Processes

ABSTRACT Biochemical and histological changes in the aortic wall of rabbits were demonstrated following injection of epinephrine and l-thyroxine during 2 weeks. The widespread gross and microscopic changes were accompanied by an increase in hexosamine content and uptake of 35S labeled sodium sulphate, and an increased calcium content, whereas the collagen content, assessed by determination of hydroxyproline, was reduced. Comparison with the effect of epinephrine injections alone showed that thyroxine intensified the damaging effect of epinephrine on the vessel wall and induced more pronounced mucopolysaccharide changes in the aortic wall, presumably acting as a link in the healing processes.

Simultaneous Determination of α-Fetoprotein and Immunoglobulin Levels From a Microhematocrit Capillary Tube

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-303
Author(s):  
Alfried Kohlschütter
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Long Island ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Immunoglobulin Levels ◽  
Blood Volumes

The α-fetoprotein (AFP) concentration in serum is an indicator of gestational age in preterm infants.1 IgM and IgA concentrations are helpful in the diagnosis of perinatal infections.2,3 Determination of all three protein levels can conveniently be made from one single microhematocrit capillary tube. The small blood volumes involved and the simplicity of the procedure make it a tool for routine use in newborn nurseries. The technique described can also be used for the determination of many other compounds. MATERIALS Heparinized microhematocrit capillary tubes (Propper Manufacturing Co., Inc., Long Island, N. Y.) are 75 mm long and have an internal diameter of 1.1 to 1.2 mm.

LncRNA Prostate Cancer Gene Expression Marker 1 (PCGEM1) Down-Regulation Inhibits the Development of Osteoarthritis by Modulating miR-152-3p

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-315
Author(s):  
Jie Song ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Model ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Commercial Kits ◽  
Related Proteins

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and inflammatory disease, leading to pain or even disability in severe cases. LncRNA PCGEM1 (PCGEM1) is reported to be dysregulated, serving as critical regulators in various human diseases, including OA. However, the biological role of PCGEM1 and its underlying mechanisms during OA remained unclear. In the present study, CHON-001 cells were exposed to interleukin (IL)-1β to construct the OA cell model. Expression of PCGEM1 and miR-152-3p in cells was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. Corresponding commercial kits were used to measure the expressions of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), inter-leukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Protein levels of apoptosis-related proteins, cleaved-Caspase3 and Caspase3, were detected by Western blotting. 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) tetrazolium (MTT) and flow cytometry assays were utilized for the determination of cell proliferation and apoptosis. The association between PCGEN1 and miR-152-3p was confirmed by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. From the results, PCGEM1 expression was significantly increased while miR-152-3p was inhibited in CHON-001 cells after IL-1β treatment. In addition, silencing of PCGEM1 could promote proliferation, inhibit the apoptosis, suppress LDH level and alleviate inflammation response caused by IL-1β in CHON-001 cells by sponging miR-152-3p. In a word, PCGEM1 down-regulation suppressed OA progression by the regulation of miR-152-3p expression, functioning as a potential therapeutic target for OA clinical treatment.

scholarly journals Apparent digestibility of juveniles of matrinxã Brycon amazonicus fed diets with different protein levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e52236
Author(s):  
Cesar Augusto Alves Gonçalves ◽  
Jackson Pantoja-Lima ◽  
Márcia Regina Fragoso Machado-Bussons ◽  
João Paulo Ferreira Rufino
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Four Levels

The objective of the present study was to determine the apparent digestibility of juveniles of matrinxã Brycon amazonicus fed diets with different levels of protein. The experimental design was completely randomized, where the treatments consisted of four levels of protein in the diets (28, 32, 36 and 40%) and five replicates (water boxes) with 10 juveniles of matrinxã each. Diets were offered four times a day, and feces were collected twice a week, along 28 days, for digestibility analysis. Data collected were subjected to polynomial regression at 5% significance. Differences (p<0.05) were observed in dry matter digestibility, with higher digestibility according to increasing levels of protein in the diets. This behavior was directly expressed in the digestibility of nutrients by juveniles of matrinxã, such as % ash, % crude protein, apparent digestible energy, % digestibility of apparent digestible energy and energy: protein ratio. However, this was not observed (p > 0.05) in the digestibility of % ether extract. Digestibility of N, P, Ca, Mg, Cu and Zn presented linear positive (p < 0.05) behavior, in which the use of these minerals increased with the increase in the level of protein in the diets. However, the digestibility of K, Fe and Mn reduced (p < 0.05) with increasing protein levels in the diets. Thus, it can be concluded that the rise in protein level in diets for juveniles of matrinxã improves nutrient digestibility. The results of this study indicated that 40% crude protein in the diets provided better results.

An Evaluation of the Method for the Determination of Added Phosphate in Ham

1968 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 968-971
Author(s):  
L Kamm ◽  
E Coffin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Basis ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
P Factor

Abstract Different areas along the length of individual fresh pork legs were shown to vary in P factor (phosphorus: protein ratio). This variation, the effect of curing gains, and the fatness of the leg are significant in the determination of added phosphate in cured hams. As a result, it is proposed that added phosphate in ham should be expressed on a fat-free green weight basis

GROWTH STUDIES ON ARTHROBACTER GLOBIFORMIS: II. CHANGES IN MACROMOLECULAR LEVELS DURING GROWTH

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Phase Cell ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Differential Rate ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Stationary Phase Culture ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dna And Protein Synthesis

Changes in macromolecular levels (RNA, DNA, protein) have been followed during the growth cycle of A. globiformis. When a stationary phase culture is transferred to fresh medium a 12-fold increase in RNA level and 6-fold increases in DNA and protein levels are observed during the predivisional lag phase. Initially RNA synthesis precedes DNA and protein synthesis but all reach the same differential rate 2 to 3 hours prior to division. During the predivisional lag period the RNA/protein ratio per cell expands from 0.19 to 0.36. Once division occurs, cells of A. globiformis remain in the enlarged pleomorphic form until the medium becomes limiting; at this time synthesis of macromolecules ceases and the continued division (three to four generations) results in progressively smaller cells until the coccoid stationary phase cell-type is reached.

Determination of bioavailability of some long-chain N-substituted derivatives of L-methionine and L-lysine

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 577-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alenka Paquet ◽  
Ghulam Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Tetrahymena Pyriformis ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Rat Growth ◽  
Growth Method ◽  
The Media ◽  
Derivatives Of

The bioavailability of N-acyl-L-methionine derivatives has been determined using microbiological assay with Tetrahymena pyriformis. It was found that palmitoyl- and stearoyl-L-methionine, stearoyl-L-methionine ethyl ester, and stearoyl-L-methionine sodium salt were partially utilized (14–38%) for growth of the microorganism. These compounds partially inhibited utilization of free methionine added to the media. The shorter derivatives, acetyl-, hexanoyl-, lauroyl-, and myristoyl-L-methionine completely inhibited the growth of T. pyriformis. This effect was not reversed when DL-methionine was added to the media. N6-fatty acyl L-lysine derivatives gave low availability values (3–18%) in microbiological assessment with T. pyriformis. N2-Acetyl- and N6-acetyl-lysine did not inhibit the utilization of the added parent amino acid.Nutritional evaluation of L-methionine derivatives by the rat growth method using net protein ratio (NPR) as the performance index indicated complete availability of stearoyl-L-methionine, stearoyl-L-methionine sodium salt, and partial availability of stearoyl-L-methionine ethyl ester (52%), stearoyl-L-methionylglycine (32%), and lauroyl-L-methionine (75%).

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