CHANGES IN GLUTAMIC ACID – OXALOACETIC ACID – TRANSAMINASE ACTIVITY IN THE LIVER AND KIDNEYS ON THE EFFECT OF HIGH DOSES OF PYRAMIDON (AMINOPYRINE)

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1189-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gy. Fazekas ◽  
Á. Gy. Fazekas ◽  
B. Rengei
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Transaminase Activity ◽  
Renal Cells ◽  
Oxaloacetic Acid ◽  
High Doses

On each of 5 days, rabbits were given subcutaneously 75% of the single lethal dose of Pyramidon (aminopyrine), divided into three daily doses. The animals were killed on the 6th day and the degree of glutamic acid – oxaloacetic acid – transaminase activity of the liver and kidneys was examined. It could be established that activity in the liver increased by 41% and that of the kidneys by 87%. These values are correlated with the lesions which were previously noted in these organs. The increased seral activity as well as the ratio of activity of the organs of the treated and untreated animals is attributed to increased permeability and necrosis in hepatic and renal cells.

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMINATION OF THE MECHANISM OF PYRAMIDON EFFECT: III. EFFECT OF HIGH PYRAMIDON DOSES ON THE GLUTAMIC ACID–OXALOACETIC ACID TRANSAMINASE ACTIVITY IN SERUM

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 899-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Á. Gy. Fazekas ◽  
I. Gy. Fazekas ◽  
B. Rengei
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Transaminase Activity ◽  
Individual Sensitivity ◽  
Experimental Examination ◽  
Oxaloacetic Acid ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
The Individual

In five rabbits, the changes of glutamic acid – oxaloacetic acid transaminase (SGOT) activity in serum were examined after a Pyramidon treatment in which 75% of the single lethal dose was given for 5 days, divided in three doses. Depending on the individual sensitivity, SGOT activity became from 3 to 8 times higher. This increase appeared to be a result of extensive renal lesions.

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMINATION OF THE MECHANISM OF PYRAMIDON EFFECT: III. EFFECT OF HIGH PYRAMIDON DOSES ON THE GLUTAMIC ACID–OXALOACETIC ACID TRANSAMINASE ACTIVITY IN SERUM

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 899-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Á. Gy. Fazekas ◽  
I. Gy. Fazekas ◽  
B. Rengei
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Transaminase Activity ◽  
Individual Sensitivity ◽  
Experimental Examination ◽  
Oxaloacetic Acid ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
The Individual

In five rabbits, the changes of glutamic acid – oxaloacetic acid transaminase (SGOT) activity in serum were examined after a Pyramidon treatment in which 75% of the single lethal dose was given for 5 days, divided in three doses. Depending on the individual sensitivity, SGOT activity became from 3 to 8 times higher. This increase appeared to be a result of extensive renal lesions.

Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treated with High Doses of INH plus Glutamic Acid

1960 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCIS O. SEGARRA ◽  
DAVID S. SHERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
High Doses

scholarly journals Multimodal Elimination for Intoxication with a Lethal Dose of Organic Mercury

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
L. C. Napp ◽  
C. Moelgen ◽  
F. Wegner ◽  
P. Heitland ◽  
H. D. Koester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Refractory Status Epilepticus ◽  
Organ Support ◽  
Organic Mercury ◽  
Refractory Status ◽  
Mercury Intoxication ◽  
High Doses

We here report on a case of massive organic mercury intoxication in a 40-year-old man that resulted in progressive multiorgan failure. We treated the patient intravenously and enterally with the chelating agent (RS)-2,3-bis(sulfanyl) propane-1-sulfonic acid (DMPS) in addition to hemodialysis. The patient was treated for 6 weeks and could successfully be weaned from mechanical ventilation and hemodialysis. He awoke and was sent to rehabilitation, but unfortunately died 7 months later from refractory status epilepticus. Autopsy revealed severe brain atrophy consistent with organ damage from massive mercury intoxication. The present case illustrates that bimodal DMPS application is sufficient for detoxification from lethal mercury levels, with an associated chance for weaning of organ support and survival to discharge. The case further reminds us of intoxication as a cause of multiorgan dysfunction. We propose to immediately initiate combined parenteral and enteral detoxification in cases of methyl mercury intoxication, especially in cases of high doses.

INVESTIGATION OF THE RADIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ORTHOVANADATE IN MICE AFTER TOTAL BODY IRRADIATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 186 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Zuzana Šinkorová ◽  
Alžběta Filipová ◽  
Jiřina Vávrová ◽  
Jaroslav Pejchal ◽  
Lenka Andrejsová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Response Prediction ◽  
Increasing Risk ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Lymphocyte Populations

Abstract The increasing risk of acute large-scale exposure of ionising irradiation on the population underlines the necessity of developing effective radioprotective and mitigating agents. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of sodium orthovanadate pre-treatment on mice exposed to high doses of gamma rays (from 5 to 13 Gy). The determination of median lethal dose within 30 days confirmed that orthovanadate applied to total-body-irradiated mice intra-peritoneally has a radioprotective but not a mitigating effect. With orthovanadate pre-treatment, the composition of cellularity in the bone marrow improved substantially and the main lymphocyte populations restored during the first month after irradiation. These findings contribute to ‘gap-filling’ in radioprotective effects and demonstrate the importance of haematological parameters in radiation–response prediction.

scholarly journals The utilization of Blaptica dubia cockroaches as an in vivo model to test antibiotic efficacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot Collins ◽  
Caleb Martin ◽  
Tyler Blomquist ◽  
Katherine Phillips ◽  
Stuart Cantlay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lactam Antibiotic ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Antibiotic Efficacy

AbstractInsects are now well recognized as biologically relevant alternative hosts for dozens of mammalian pathogens and they are routinely used in microbial pathogenesis studies. Unfortunately, these models have yet to be incorporated into the drug development pipeline. The purpose of this work was to begin to evaluate the utility of orange spotted (Blaptica dubia) cockroaches in early antibiotic characterization. To determine whether these model hosts could exhibit mortality when infected with bacteria that are pathogenic to humans, we subjected B. dubia roaches to a range of infectious doses of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii to identify the medial lethal dose. These results showed that lethal disease did not develop following infection of high doses of S. aureus, and A. baumannii. However, cockroaches infected with E. coli and K. pneumoniae succumbed to infection (LD50s of 5.82 × 106 and 2.58 × 106 respectively) suggesting that this model may have limitations based on pathogen specificity. However, because these cockroaches were susceptible to infection from E. coli and K. pneumoniae, we used these bacterial strains for subsequent antibiotic characterization studies. These studies suggested that β-lactam antibiotic persistence and dose was associated with reduction of hemolymph bacterial burden. Moreover, our data indicated that the reduction of bacterial CFU was directly due to the drug activity. Altogether, this work suggests that the orange-spotted cockroach infection model provides an alternative in vivo setting from which antibiotic efficacy can be evaluated.

Transamination in homogenates of rediae of Cryptocotyle lingua and of sporocysts of Cercaria emasculans Pelseneer, 1900

Parasitology ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart D. M. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Keto Acid ◽  
Transaminase Activity ◽  
Important Link

Transaminase activity in homogenates of larval Digenea indicates that alanine aspartic acid, glutamic acid and their α-keto acid analogues could form an important link between carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism. As few amino acids participate in transamination it is doubtful whether this process plays a major role in protein synthesis.

Dexamethasone protects against high-dose endotoxin without loss of tolerance to oxygen

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1209-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Koizumi ◽  
L. Frank ◽  
D. Massaro
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Loss Of Tolerance ◽  
High Doses

Endotoxin (500 micrograms/kg)-treated rats are very tolerant to hyperoxia (greater than 95% O2, 1 ATA). We have now attempted to determine if dexamethasone given to rats 1 h before a usually lethal dose of endotoxin would diminish endotoxin's lethality without substantially abrogating its capacity to confer tolerance to hyperoxia. Endotoxin (20 mg/kg) given alone killed 70–80% of air- or O2-breathing rats within 24 h; dexamethasone (0.6 mg) given 1 h before endotoxin decreased mortality at 24 h to 10–15%. About 90% of the rats that were alive 24 h after receiving dexamethasone plus endotoxin (20 mg/kg) survived 72 h of hyperoxia. Dexamethasone plus endotoxin (10 mg/kg) provided as much protection against pulmonary edema resulting from 72 h of hyperoxia as did 500 micrograms/kg endotoxin alone. Tolerance to hyperoxia produced by dexamethasone plus high-dose endotoxin was accompanied by a rise in the activity in the lung of antioxidant enzymes. We conclude that dexamethasone protects rats against the lethal effects of high doses of endotoxin without interfering with endotoxin's capacity to engender tolerance to hyperoxia.

scholarly journals Acute and Chronic Oral Toxicity of a Partially Purified Plaunotol Extract fromCroton stellatopilosusOhba

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chatchai Chaotham ◽  
Songpol Chivapat ◽  
Anan Chaikitwattana ◽  
Wanchai De-Eknamkul
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Altered Liver ◽  
Further Development

Plaunotol, an acyclic diterpenoid with highly effective antigastric ulcer properties, has been commercially isolated from leaves ofCroton stellatopilosusOhba. This Thai medicinal plant was traditionally used in the form of crude extracts, suggesting that it is possible to administer these plaunotol-containing extracts without toxicity. To confirm its safety, the oral toxicity of a partially purified plaunotol extract (PPE) was evaluatedin vivo. The PPE was simply prepared by 95% ethanol reflux extraction followed by hexane partition. The obtained extract was analyzed and found to contain 43% w/w of plaunotol and another compound, likely a fatty acid-plaunotol conjugate that is considered a major impurity. Oral administration of PPE to ICR mice and Wistar rats was conducted to evaluate acute and chronic toxicity of the plaunotol extract, respectively. The acute toxicity study demonstrated that PPE was practically nontoxic based on its high median lethal dose value (LD50=10.25 g/kg). The chronic toxicity studies also showed the absence of mortality and clinical symptoms in all rats treated with 11–1,100 mg/kg/day of PPE during a 6-month period. Histopathological and hematological analyses revealed that altered liver and kidney function and increased blood platelet number, but only at the high doses (550–1,100 mg/kg/day). These results suggest that PPE is potentially safe for further development as a therapeutic agent in humans.

scholarly journals Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Studies of Aristolochic Acid A in Tianfu Broilers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1556
Author(s):  
Dan Xu ◽  
Chonglin Ran ◽  
Lizi Yin ◽  
Juchun Lin ◽  
Hualin Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Aristolochic Acid ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Renal Cells ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Toxic Potential

Aristolochic acid (AA) is one of the components of some traditional Chinese medicines, which has high toxic potential in animals, leading to huge economic losses in the breeding industry. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the toxicology of AA on Tianfu broilers through acute and subchronic toxicity tests. The results showed that the median lethal dose of AA to Tianfu broilers was 14.52 mg/kg. After continuous intraperitoneal injection of AA solution (1.452 mg/kg) for 28 days, the swollen and necrotic renal tubular epithelial cells were histologically observed; in addition, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cre) were significantly increased, indicating AA could induce serious kidney lesions in broilers. Moreover, the ROS, the apoptosis rate and the depolarization rate of the mitochondrial membrane potential of broilers’ renal cells increased. The results of QRT-PCR showed that AA reduced the mRNA expressions of HO-1, NQO1, Raf-1 and Bcl-2, while the expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 increased, which show that AA aroused oxidative stress and promoted the apoptosis of renal cells. In conclusion, AA has been found to damage broilers’ kidneys by breaking the redox balance to form oxidative stress, along with promoting apoptosis of renal cells.

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