RESPONSES OF TWO STRAINS OF RATS TO RAPESEED OIL AND CORN OIL

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce L. Beare ◽  
T. K. Murray ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dietary Oil

Wistar and Sprague–Dawley rats were compared in their response to 20% rapeseed oil or corn oil in a basal diet of ground fox cubes. Apparent coefficients of digestibility were significantly lower for rapeseed oil than for corn oil in the Sprague–Dawley, but not in the Wistar rats. After 6 weeks the adrenals of Sprague–Dawley rats were larger in the animals fed rapeseed oil than in those fed corn oil, while the adrenals of Wistar rats were not influenced by the dietary oil. These strain differences explain some discrepancies appearing in the literature concerning the effects of rapeseed oil in the rat.In another experiment, Wistar and Sprague–Dawley rats deprived of vitamin A for 18 days were fed a purified basal diet with 20% rapeseed oil or corn oil and dosed with 75 or 150 I.U. of vitamin A per day. After 14 days there was no significant effect of the strain of rat or the type of dietary oil on the liver storage of vitamin A. The rate of depletion of vitamin A from the liver following a single dose of 1200 I.U. of vitamin A was also studied and indicated no significant difference attributable to the dietary oils.

RESPONSES OF TWO STRAINS OF RATS TO RAPESEED OIL AND CORN OIL

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce L. Beare ◽  
T. K. Murray ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dietary Oil

Wistar and Sprague–Dawley rats were compared in their response to 20% rapeseed oil or corn oil in a basal diet of ground fox cubes. Apparent coefficients of digestibility were significantly lower for rapeseed oil than for corn oil in the Sprague–Dawley, but not in the Wistar rats. After 6 weeks the adrenals of Sprague–Dawley rats were larger in the animals fed rapeseed oil than in those fed corn oil, while the adrenals of Wistar rats were not influenced by the dietary oil. These strain differences explain some discrepancies appearing in the literature concerning the effects of rapeseed oil in the rat.In another experiment, Wistar and Sprague–Dawley rats deprived of vitamin A for 18 days were fed a purified basal diet with 20% rapeseed oil or corn oil and dosed with 75 or 150 I.U. of vitamin A per day. After 14 days there was no significant effect of the strain of rat or the type of dietary oil on the liver storage of vitamin A. The rate of depletion of vitamin A from the liver following a single dose of 1200 I.U. of vitamin A was also studied and indicated no significant difference attributable to the dietary oils.

EFFECT OF DIETARY OILS ON THE DEPLETION OF VITAMIN A

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 663-666
Author(s):  
T. K. Murray ◽  
J. L. Beare ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Vitamin A Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Oils ◽  
Depletion Period ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Dietary Oil ◽  
Small Content

The effect of dietary corn oil, olive oil, and rapeseed oil on the vitamin A content of liver and kidney during depletion of the vitamin was studied. Dietary oil had no influence on the rate at which liver stores of the vitamin declined in a 2-month period. Kidney stores of vitamin A rose throughout the depletion period but less markedly in the group fed rapeseed oil. The weight gain of vitamin A deficient rats was reduced somewhat earlier when rapeseed oil was fed but the survival time of rats fed corn oil or rapeseed oil was similar. The rats fed olive oil lived somewhat longer due to its small content of β-carotene. It was concluded that rapeseed oil had only a slight influence on vitamin A metabolism.

Strain Differences Occurring in an Experimental Study of Punishment

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morton H. Kleban
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Training Procedure ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
The Difference

Forty-three Sprague-Dawley and 43 Wistar rats were given reward training for 40 trials in a Y-maze. On the next 20 trials, control groups were continued under the same training procedure, and 50% shock trials were introduced in the training of the remaining rats. For the extinction training, the reward was shifted to the opposite arm and 50% shock was continued for the no-delay and 30-sec. delay shock groups. The most significant results were that in the 30-sec. delay groups, the delay helped the Sprague-Dawley rats reverse in a minimum number of trials, whereas the Wistar rats showed strong indications of response stereotypy. The findings with respect to the Sprague-Dawley rats supported the empirical evidence on the effectiveness of delay in overcoming response persistence and the findings on the Wistar rats supported the empirical evidence on omission in punishment. The difference in response to punishment between the two albino strains emphasizes the need for experimental study of strain factors. Experiments should be repeated with several animal strains to remedy over-generalization from single strains and to help elaborate our understanding of the interaction present between punishment and strains.

Portal hypertension increases vasoconstrictor responsiveness of rat aorta

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire CONNOLLY ◽  
Teresa CAWLEY ◽  
P. Aiden MCCORMICK ◽  
James R. DOCHERTY
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Maximum Response ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Portal Vein Stenosis ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hepatic Portal

We have examined the effects of pre-hepatic portal hypertension on the responsiveness of aorta from Wistar and Sprague–Dawley rats. Rats were made portal hypertensive by creating a calibrated portal vein stenosis, or sham operated. In rat aorta, there was no significant difference between portal hypertensive and sham-operated animals in the contractile potency of KCl, noradrenaline or phenylephrine. In aortas from Wistar rats, the maximum response to KCl (0.71±0.12 ;g) and noradrenaline (1.00±0.17 ;g) but not phenylephrine (0.86±0.10 ;g) in portal hypertensive animals was significantly increased compared with that in sham-operated animals (0.45±0.04 ;g, 0.57±0.07 ;g, 0.71±0.05 ;g respectively). In aortas from Sprague–Dawley rats, the maximum response to KCl (1.21±0.21 ;g) and phenylephrine (1.54±0.30 ;g) but not noradrenaline (0.93±0.09 ;g) in portal hypertensive animals was significantly increased compared with that in sham-operated animals (0.59±0.09 ;g, 0.76±0.11 ;g, 1.04±0.10 ;g respectively). There was no difference between portal hypertensive and sham-operated Wistar rats in the affinity or maximum number of binding sites for [3H]prazosin to α1-adrenoceptors in cardiac ventricular membranes. It is concluded that portal hypertension tends to produce an increase rather than a decrease in the contractile response to vasoconstrictors in aorta from both Wistar and Sprague–Dawley rats. This suggests that the diminished responsiveness to vasoconstrictors reported in portal hypertensive rats in vivo is not due to a diminished responsiveness at the level of the vascular smooth muscle.

A COMPARISON OF THE UTILIZATION OF RAPESEED OIL AND CORN OIL BY THE RAT

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce L. Beare ◽  
T. K. Murray ◽  
H. C. Grice ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Weekly Interval ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Liver Storage

The effects of Golden rapeseed oil and corn oil on weekly weight gains, food consumptions, liver storage of vitamin A, plasma and adrenal cholesterol concentrations, organ weights, and testes histology were determined in Wistar rats for 5 weeks after weaning. At each weekly interval, animals fed rapeseed oil showed lesser weight gains and food consumptions, but, when body weight gains were adjusted for food consumptions by covariance analyses, differences largely disappeared. Liver storage of vitamin A was similar with both oils. Testes of animals fed rapeseed oil exhibited no alteration in cellular characteristics, but a reduction in tubular size. When fed to older rats, rapeseed oil again produced smaller weight gains which were accounted for at 4 weeks' time by a depressed appetite.Similar weight gains were obtained with corn oil and rapeseed oil when the oils were paired fed and when adjustments for food consumption were made by covariance analyses of weight gains of animals receiving the oils ad libitum. With corn oil supplied on a restricted basis the testicular tubules were smaller than those obtained with unrestricted feeding of corn oil. The absorption of corn oil and rapeseed oil fed ad libitum was 95 and 92% respectively. It was concluded that the two oils were not very differently utilized.

Myocardial lesions in rats fed rapeseed oil. II. Effects of castration

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Hulan ◽  
J. K. G. Kramer ◽  
A. H. Corner ◽  
B. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Semisynthetic Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Heart Lesions ◽  
Myocardial Lesions

The effects of castration on the incidence of myocardial lesions in rats were investigated in an experiment which included two factors: sex (entire males, castrated males, entire females and castrated (ovariohysterectomized) females) and diets (5% corn oil, 20% corn oil, and 20% Brassica napus var. Zephyr rapeseed oil). For 16 weeks, each of the 12 groups of 30 Sprague–Dawley rats, housed 2 per cage, were fed ad libitum the test oils incorporated in a semisynthetic diet. At each weighing, the mean body weights for each diet were highest in entire males followed by castrated males, castrated females, and entire females with all differences significant (P < 0.05). The results indicated that castration did not influence cardiac fatty acid composition. The incidence of myocardial lesions in entire and castrated females and in castrated males was similar while significantly more entire males developed lesions (P < 0.001). Rats fed a diet containing 20% Zephyr rapeseed oil showed a significantly (P < 0.001) higher incidence of heart lesions than did rats fed diets containing 5% or 20% corn oil. Similarly, significantly (P < 0.05) more rats fed the 20% corn oil diet had lesions than rats fed the 5% corn oil diet. The involvement of androgens in the formation of myocardial lesions is suggested, since castration significantly lowered the incidence in males but not in females.

Electrocardiograms of male rats fed rapeseed oil

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1116-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Hunsaker ◽  
H. W. Hulan ◽  
J. K. G. Kramer ◽  
A. H. Corner
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Qrs Complex ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Cardiac Rate ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Wave Forms

Frontal plane electrocardiograms (standard limb leads) were recorded on male Sprague–Dawley rats fed for 14 weeks on semisynthetic diets containing 20% (by weight) of Brassica napus cv. Tower or B. campestris cv. Span rapeseed oil or fractions isolated from Span rapeseed oil. Control diets were rat Chow or semisynthetic diets containing 20% (by weight) of either safflower oil or corn oil. The amplitude of the P, Q, R, S, and T waves, the duration of the P wave, QRS complex, and P–R interval, and the cardiac rate were measured in the electrocardiograms and differences between groups compared statistically. While there were statistically significant differences in the amplitude of some of the wave forms, there were no consistent differences which could be attributed to the feeding of rapeseed oil or its fractions. The duration of the P wave and the QRS complex were significantly longer in some of the control groups than those in most of the treated groups. There was no correlation between the presence of a Q wave and the incidence of myocardial lesions in any group. Cardiac rate was essentially the same in all groups.

scholarly journals Strain differences in purified rat hepatic 3 α-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

1985 ◽  
Vol 230 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
M D Green ◽  
C N Falany ◽  
R B Kirkpatrick ◽  
T R Tephly
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Chenodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Udp Glucuronosyltransferase

Qualitative and quantitative differences of purified hepatic 3 α-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase were investigated in Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats. Individual differences in the glucuronidation rate of androsterone and chenodeoxycholic acid were observed in hepatic microsomal fractions from Wistar but not Sprague-Dawley rats. No individual variation was observed in the glucuronidation of testosterone, p-nitrophenol or oestrone. The 3 α-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferases from livers of Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated and highly purified by using Chromatofocusing and affinity chromatography. The amount of 3 α-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in the liver of Wistar rats exhibiting low rates for androsterone glucuronidation is about 10% or less than that found in hepatic microsomal fractions obtained from Wistar rats having high rates for androsterone glucuronidation. The apparent Km for androsterone with purified 3 α-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase from Wistar rats with high glucuronidation activity (6 microM) was not different from that observed for the enzyme purified from Sprague-Dawley animals, whereas that for the enzyme purified from Wistar rats with low glucuronidation activity was substantially higher (120 microM). Despite the differences in apparent Km values for androsterone, the apparent Km for UDP-glucuronic acid (0.3 mM) was not different in the different populations of rats.

EFFECT OF DIETARY OILS ON THE DEPLETION OF VITAMIN A

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 663-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Murray ◽  
J. L. Beare ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Vitamin A Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Oils ◽  
Depletion Period ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Dietary Oil ◽  
Small Content

The effect of dietary corn oil, olive oil, and rapeseed oil on the vitamin A content of liver and kidney during depletion of the vitamin was studied. Dietary oil had no influence on the rate at which liver stores of the vitamin declined in a 2-month period. Kidney stores of vitamin A rose throughout the depletion period but less markedly in the group fed rapeseed oil. The weight gain of vitamin A deficient rats was reduced somewhat earlier when rapeseed oil was fed but the survival time of rats fed corn oil or rapeseed oil was similar. The rats fed olive oil lived somewhat longer due to its small content of β-carotene. It was concluded that rapeseed oil had only a slight influence on vitamin A metabolism.

The Effect of Age and Strain Differences on the Incidence of Restraint-Induced Oral and Gastric Ulcers in Three Strains of Rats

1972 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.K. Whittaker ◽  
T.R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oral Ulcers ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Strain Dependent ◽  
Effect Of Age

Restraint of different strains of rat has been shown to be capable of inducing both oral and gastric ulcers. Hooded Wistar rats were most susceptible to gastric ulcers, whereas Sprague-Dawley rats had the highest incidence of oral ulcers. The causative mechanisms probably differ and are strain dependent.

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