THE GROWTH-RETARDING EFFECT OF ERUCIC ACID AND ITS RELATION TO REQUIREMENTS FOR FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Lower Weight ◽  
Acid Diet ◽  
Retarding Effect ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

Young male rats fed a synthetic diet containing erucic acid but lacking fat-soluble vitamins plateau at a lower weight than those fed similar diets containing no fat or other individual fatty acids. Growth resumes in the erucic acid fed rats when vitamin A acetate and corn oil are administered, but neither is effective alone. The corn oil can be replaced by methyl linoleate. Vitamin A acetate alone causes some additional growth in rats plateaued on diets containing no fat or palmitic acid but it is more effective when combined with corn oil. Rats fed an erucic acid diet containing fat-soluble vitamins still plateaued at a lower weight than rats fed a similar diet containing oleic acid.

THE GROWTH-RETARDING EFFECT OF ERUCIC ACID AND ITS RELATION TO REQUIREMENTS FOR FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 731-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Lower Weight ◽  
Acid Diet ◽  
Retarding Effect ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

Young male rats fed a synthetic diet containing erucic acid but lacking fat-soluble vitamins plateau at a lower weight than those fed similar diets containing no fat or other individual fatty acids. Growth resumes in the erucic acid fed rats when vitamin A acetate and corn oil are administered, but neither is effective alone. The corn oil can be replaced by methyl linoleate. Vitamin A acetate alone causes some additional growth in rats plateaued on diets containing no fat or palmitic acid but it is more effective when combined with corn oil. Rats fed an erucic acid diet containing fat-soluble vitamins still plateaued at a lower weight than rats fed a similar diet containing oleic acid.

EFFECT OF ERUCIC ACID ON INCORPORATION OF ACETATE-1-C14 INTO CHOLESTEROL AND FATTY ACIDS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Acid Incorporation ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Fatty Acid Incorporation

Young male rats were fed synthetic diets containing either no fat or various individual fatty acids for 3 to 4 weeks. They were then killed and the incorporation of acetate-1-C14 into cholesterol and fatty acids was measured in liver slices and in scrapings of intestinal mucosa. Acetate incorporation into cholesterol by liver slices was much greater in animals fed erucic acid than in those fed no fat, palmitic, stearic, oleic, or linoleic acids. A marked differential was not observed in fatty acid incorporation but values tended to be higher on the fat-free and erucic acid diets. Erucic acid did not stimulate acetate incorporation into cholesterol by mucosa and in general mucosa seemed to be less sensitive to changes in diet. The results are discussed in relation to previously observed effects of erucic acid on cholesterol metabolism.

EFFECT OF ERUCIC ACID ON INCORPORATION OF ACETATE-1-C14 INTO CHOLESTEROL AND FATTY ACIDS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Acid Incorporation ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Fatty Acid Incorporation

Young male rats were fed synthetic diets containing either no fat or various individual fatty acids for 3 to 4 weeks. They were then killed and the incorporation of acetate-1-C14 into cholesterol and fatty acids was measured in liver slices and in scrapings of intestinal mucosa. Acetate incorporation into cholesterol by liver slices was much greater in animals fed erucic acid than in those fed no fat, palmitic, stearic, oleic, or linoleic acids. A marked differential was not observed in fatty acid incorporation but values tended to be higher on the fat-free and erucic acid diets. Erucic acid did not stimulate acetate incorporation into cholesterol by mucosa and in general mucosa seemed to be less sensitive to changes in diet. The results are discussed in relation to previously observed effects of erucic acid on cholesterol metabolism.

THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF RAPESEED OIL ON WEIGHT GAIN, AND OF GOLDEN RAPESEED OIL ON REPRODUCTION, OF THE RAT

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1191-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce L. Beare ◽  
E. R. W. Gregory ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Retarding Effect ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Reproduction Study

Rapeseed oil of the Polish, Golden, or Swedish varieties, corn oil, or mixtures of corn oil and ethyl erucate were fed to weanling rats of the Wistar strain for 9 weeks. Weight gains were inversely related to the content of erucic acid in the diet, confirming previous indications that the growth retarding effect of rapeseed oil is due to its erucic acid. In general, the differences in weight gains could be explained by the effect of rapeseed oil on food consumption.Golden rapeseed oil and corn oil were compared in a reproduction study involving three litters of one generation. Although the young of rats fed rapeseed oil were of lesser weanling weight, there was no difference in the number of animals successfully weaned.

EFFECTS OF AMPHENONE B AND OF DIET ON CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN THE RAT

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1069-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adrenal Weight ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
High Doses

Amphenone B was added in concentrations of 0.1 to 0.5% to a number of synthetic diets and to a fox chow diet. These were then fed to young male rats to determine the effects on adrenal weight and on the cholesterol content of the adrenals, liver, and plasma. The rats fed amphenone mixed with synthetic diets showed a greater increase in adrenal size and adrenal cholesterol than those fed amphenone mixed with the chow diet. The liver and plasma cholesterol values of rats fed amphenone on synthetic diets were also increased appreciably while those of rats fed amphenone in the chow diet were near normal. Synthetic diets containing erucic acid and amphenone appeared to have the greatest effect on adrenal size and cholesterol content but other synthetic diets in some cases caused a greater increase in liver and plasma cholesterol concentrations. An attempt to examine the effect of injected amphenone on cholesterol levels in rats fed different diets was limited by the fact that high doses of amphenone cause prolonged anesthesia.

scholarly journals Next-Generation Sequencing Identifies Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Responsive Genes in the Juvenile Rat Cerebellum

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Mehus ◽  
Aaron Dickey ◽  
Timothy Smith ◽  
Kathleen Yeater ◽  
Matthew Picklo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Rat Cerebellum ◽  
Normalization Methods ◽  
Docosatetraenoic Acid ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) influence postnatal brain growth and development. However, little data exist regarding the impacts of dietary n-3 PUFA in juvenile animals post weaning, which is a time of rapid growth. We tested the hypothesis that depleting dietary n-3 PUFA would result in modifications to the cerebellar transcriptome of juvenile rats. To test this hypothesis, three week old male rats (an age that roughly corresponds to an 11 month old child in brain development) were fed diets containing either soybean oil (SO) providing 1.1% energy from α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3; ALA-sufficient) or corn oil (CO) providing 0.13% energy from ALA (ALA-deficient) for four weeks. Fatty acids (FAs) in the cerebellum were analyzed and revealed a 4-fold increase in n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; 22:5n-6), increases in arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6) and docosatetraenoic acid (DTA; 22:4n-6), but no decrease in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3), in animals fed CO versus SO. Transcript abundance was then characterized to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two diets. Upper quartile (UQ) scaling and transcripts per million (TPM) data normalization identified 100 and 107 DEGs, respectively. Comparison of DEGs from the two normalization methods identified 70 genes that overlapped, with 90% having abundance differences less than 2-fold. Nr4a3, a transcriptional activator that plays roles in neuroprotection and learning, was elevated over 2-fold from the CO diet. These data indicate that expression of Nr4a3 in the juvenile rat cerebellum is responsive to dietary n-3 PUFA, but additional studies are needed clarify the neurodevelopmental relationships between n-3 PUFA and Nr4a3 and the resulting impacts.

EFFECTS OF SATURATED FAT IN RATS FED RAPESEED OIL

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce L. Beare ◽  
J. A. Campbell ◽  
C. G. Youngs ◽  
B. M. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Similar Content

The effects of increasing the saturated fatty acids in a dietary vegetable oil composed mostly of unsaturated fatty acids were studied in rats. A mixture of palm oil and Swedish rapeseed oil fed for 4 weeks as 20% of a purified diet promoted weight gains which exceeded those obtained with Polish rapeseed oil of a similar content of erucic acid, and altered the proportion of saturated fatty acids in the tissues to reflect that of the diet. When methyl esters of saturated fatty acids were added to Swedish rapeseed oil, similar effects on weight gain were not observed, but methyl esters of fatty acids from corn oil and rapeseed oil were shown to be of less nutritional value than the original glycerides. From fatty acids of olive oil, glycerides containing 3% palmitic acid were prepared, and produced weight gains which did not differ significantly from those of rats fed Polish rapeseed oil with a similar content of palmitic acid and 20% erucic acid. The characteristic effects of rapeseed oil are, therefore, attributed to its low content of saturated fatty acids as well as its high content of erucic acid.

EFFECTS OF AMPHENONE B AND OF DIET ON CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN THE RAT

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1069-1074
Author(s):  
K. K. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adrenal Weight ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
High Doses

Amphenone B was added in concentrations of 0.1 to 0.5% to a number of synthetic diets and to a fox chow diet. These were then fed to young male rats to determine the effects on adrenal weight and on the cholesterol content of the adrenals, liver, and plasma. The rats fed amphenone mixed with synthetic diets showed a greater increase in adrenal size and adrenal cholesterol than those fed amphenone mixed with the chow diet. The liver and plasma cholesterol values of rats fed amphenone on synthetic diets were also increased appreciably while those of rats fed amphenone in the chow diet were near normal. Synthetic diets containing erucic acid and amphenone appeared to have the greatest effect on adrenal size and cholesterol content but other synthetic diets in some cases caused a greater increase in liver and plasma cholesterol concentrations. An attempt to examine the effect of injected amphenone on cholesterol levels in rats fed different diets was limited by the fact that high doses of amphenone cause prolonged anesthesia.

SKIN PRODUCTS OF YOUNG MALE MINK AND ECONOMIC EFFECT WHEN USING THE VITAZAR PREPARATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
M.YU. LYUBIMOVA ◽  
◽  
N.A. BALAKIREV ◽  
S.V. POZYABIN
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins ◽  
First Time ◽  
Positive Effect

The Vitazar preparation has a rich natural composition and antioxidant properties due to the high content of fat-soluble vitamins – A, D, E, polyunsaturated fatty acids – linoleic, linolenic, oleic, palmitic, as well as trace elements Ca and K, etc. To study the preparation effects on young male minks, animals of the standard black breed of Scandinavian selection were chosen by origin, live weight and age using the method of analogous groups. A total of 128 males participated in the experiment – 32 heads in each group. The first group of minks was the control one. In three experimental groups, Vitazar was added to the general household ration with a different dose of 1.0.2.0.3.0 ml/head with a frequency of three times a week. The preparation was given during two summer months – July and August. During the experiment, the minks were weighed at the beginning of each month. After slaughter and primary processing, the skins were sorted in accordance with GOST 27769–88.According to the data obtained, Vitazar has a positive effect on the live weight and skin production of young minks. The drug in the diet of males at a dose of 3.0 ml/head contributes to an increase in live weight by 191 g, the skin size by 0.6 dm2, the proportion of defect-free skins by 8.0% and the quality indicators by 4.0%. The optimal dose of the preparation was found to be 3.0 ml/head.The use of Vitazar in the optimal dose in the diet of male minks increased the cost of one skin by 63.3 rubles. Thу “Vitazar” preparation was studied on young minks for the first time.

INFLUENCE OF SELECTIVE AND NON-SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION OF RAPESEED OIL ON CARCASS FAT OF RATS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Craig ◽  
C. G. Youngs ◽  
Joyce L. Beare ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Dietary Oils ◽  
Lower Weight ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gains

Two rapeseed oils with erucic acid contents of 23 and 42%, their hydrogenated products produced under selective and non-selective conditions, corn oil, and a lard – olive oil mixture were fed to separate groups of rats for 4 weeks. Fatty acid composition of dietary oils and carcass fats was determined. The rapeseed oils and their hydrogenated products were associated with lower food intakes and lower body weight gains than were corn oil and the lard – olive oil mixture. Small amounts of erucic acid were incorporated into the body fats. It is possible that the amount of palmitic acid in the rapeseed oils and their products is too small for a good balance of dietary fatty acids, and is partially responsible for the lower weight gains.

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