STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF PHAGOCYTIC STIMULATION ON MICROBIAL DISEASE: V. STIMULATION OF PHAGOCYTIC ACTIVITY OF MONOCYTES AGAINST TUBERCLE BACILLI, STRAIN BCG

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Béla Gözsy ◽  
László Kátó
Keyword(s):  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Cellular Defense ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Stimulation Of

Monocytes were obtained by the washing of the peritoneal cavity of guinea pigs with Hanks' solution six days after intraperitoneal administration of a saline solution containing glycogen. Phagocytosis of tubercle bacilli (BCG strain) was studied after a one hour incubation at 37 °C. under the influence of histamine and 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropyl-bicyclo-decapentane, which latter substance had shown a beneficial influence on the outcome of experimental tuberculosis. Histamine increased the phagocytic activity of monocytes, within the limits of 1 μgm. to 10 μgm per ml. This stimulation was inhibited in vitro by a synthetic antihistamine substance. Fifty and 100 μgm. per ml. histamine decreased the phagocytosis of tubercle bacilli (BCG) by the monocytes. Monocytes withdrawn from histamine treated guinea pigs showed no stimulated activity. From 0.5 to 100 μgm. per ml. of 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropylbicyclo-decapentane stimulated the phagocytic activity of monocytes against tubercle bacilli (BCG) in vitro and monocytes withdrawn from animals treated with the same substance showed equally a stimulated activity. This increased phagocytosis was equally inhibited in vitro by the antihistamine, but to a lesser degree than the inhibition of the histamine stimulated phagocytosis. The above observations suggest that the stimulating action of the 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropyl-bicyclo-decapentane is a direct action on the monocytes rather than an indirect one caused by activation of latent histamine. Experiments also show the possibility of stimulation of the cellular defense mechanism, by appropriate treatment.

STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF PHAGOCYTIC STIMULATION ON MICROBIAL DISEASE: V. STIMULATION OF PHAGOCYTIC ACTIVITY OF MONOCYTES AGAINST TUBERCLE BACILLI, STRAIN BCG

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 571-579
Author(s):  
Béla Gözsy ◽  
László Kátó
Keyword(s):  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Cellular Defense ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Stimulation Of

Monocytes were obtained by the washing of the peritoneal cavity of guinea pigs with Hanks' solution six days after intraperitoneal administration of a saline solution containing glycogen. Phagocytosis of tubercle bacilli (BCG strain) was studied after a one hour incubation at 37 °C. under the influence of histamine and 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropyl-bicyclo-decapentane, which latter substance had shown a beneficial influence on the outcome of experimental tuberculosis. Histamine increased the phagocytic activity of monocytes, within the limits of 1 μgm. to 10 μgm per ml. This stimulation was inhibited in vitro by a synthetic antihistamine substance. Fifty and 100 μgm. per ml. histamine decreased the phagocytosis of tubercle bacilli (BCG) by the monocytes. Monocytes withdrawn from histamine treated guinea pigs showed no stimulated activity. From 0.5 to 100 μgm. per ml. of 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropylbicyclo-decapentane stimulated the phagocytic activity of monocytes against tubercle bacilli (BCG) in vitro and monocytes withdrawn from animals treated with the same substance showed equally a stimulated activity. This increased phagocytosis was equally inhibited in vitro by the antihistamine, but to a lesser degree than the inhibition of the histamine stimulated phagocytosis. The above observations suggest that the stimulating action of the 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropyl-bicyclo-decapentane is a direct action on the monocytes rather than an indirect one caused by activation of latent histamine. Experiments also show the possibility of stimulation of the cellular defense mechanism, by appropriate treatment.

STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF PHAGOCYTIC STIMULATION ON MICROBIAL DISEASE: IV. THE INFLUENCE OF 1,4-DIMETHYL-7-ISOPROPYLAZULENE WITH AND WITHOUT DIHYDROSTREPTOMYCIN ON EXPERIMENTAL TUBERCULOSIS IN GUINEA PIGS

1955 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 622-633
Author(s):  
László Kátó ◽  
Béla Gözsy
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Experimental Tuberculosis ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
Azulene Derivative ◽  
Tuberculosis Therapy ◽  
Host Parasite

The outcome of experimental tuberculosis in guinea pigs was favorably influenced by treatment with 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropylazulene. This compound had no antituberculous properties in vitro, but stimulates phagocytic activity of cells of the reticulo-endothelial system. Effects of simultaneous treatment with the azulene derivative and dihydrostreptomycin on well-established tuberculosis were similarly studied. Therapeutical effect of dihydrostreptomycin was significantly increased by the simultaneous treatment with the azulene. This experiment brought evidence that the host–parasite relationship in experimental tuberculosis can be favorably influenced for the benefit of the host by appropriate treatment acting against the parasite and simultaneously stimulating the defense mechanism of the host. The authors discuss the need for more research in tuberculosis therapy directed toward finding ways of stimulating the cell-linked defense mechanism of the host against bacterial invaders.

Localization of central sites of action of angiotensin II on ADH release in vitro

1978 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. F135-F140
Author(s):  
C. M. Gregg ◽  
R. L. Malvin
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Central Effect ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Isolated Rat ◽  
Supraoptic Nuclei ◽  
Stimulation Of

It is now thought that angiotensin II can stimulate antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release in vivo by a direct action in the central nervous system but it is not known whether the locus of stimulation is the hypothalamus or the neurohypophysis or both. Isolated rat neural lobes incubated for 10 min in buffer containing angiotensin II (200 ng/ml or 2 microgram/ml) did not increase ADH release compared to control values, but addition of KCl (60 mM) to the bath markedly stimulated ADH release. However, intact hypothalamoneurohypophysial systems (containing the supraoptic nuclei) incubated with angiotensin II (200 ng/ml or 2 microgram/ml) did show a pronounced stimulation of ADH release. The data support the hypothesis that angiotensin II, at least in vitro, has a central effect on ADH release which is at the level of the hypothalamus.

Corpus cardiacum stimulated trehalose efflux from cockroach (Periplaneta americana) fat body: control by calcium

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Steele ◽  
T. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Corpus Cardiacum ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Stimulation Of

Cockroach fat body incubated in a simple physiological saline solution releases trehalose to the surrounding medium. The output of trehalose occurs in the absence of ambient Ca2+ and decreases slowly with time. In two separate experiments, 0.1 mM CaCl2 added to the saline increased the output of trehalose on average by 70% but higher concentrations of Ca2+ did not further increase the efflux of trehalose. Stimulation of trehalose efflux by corpus cardiacum extract is absolutely dependent on extracellular Ca2+, no increase occurring beyond the basal level in the absence of the ion. The activity of corpus cardiacum extract increases as the concentration of CaCl2 is increased to 0.5 mM. This concentration of Ca2+ in the saline permits the extract to increase trehalose efflux by as much as 60% above the basal level. Corpus cardiacum extract, as well as the hypertrehalocaemic agents cyclic AMP and theophylline, increase significantly the influx of Ca2+ into fat body in vitro. The basal efflux of trehalose from fat body and that stimulated by corpus cardiacum extract is not dependent on extracellular Mg2+.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Activities of Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f) Ettingsh in Experimental Animals: In vitro and In vivo Investigations

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Pattanayak ◽  
P. M. Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Reticuloendothelial System ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Dendrophthoe Falcata ◽  
Stimulation Of

In the present study, an attempt was made to screen immunomodulatory activity of the hydroalcoholic extract (HEDF) of Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh (Loranthaceae), an Indian Ayurvedic plant, on different arms of the immune system. HEDF was evaluated for immunological function by studying delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to sheep RBCs, nitric oxide (NO) release from murine peritoneal macrophages, phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells in vitro and reticuloendothelial system in vivo, plaque forming cell response of splenic lymphocytes to sheep erythrocytes, haemagglutination antibody titer and neutrophil adhesion test. Significant increase in NO production by mouse peritoneal macrophages was detected in culture supernatants indicated increased phagocytic activity of macrophages. After post oral administration of HEDF in three doses of 250, 475 and 950 mg/kg body weight, a significant increase in phagocytic activity of PMN cells/reticuloendothelial system, stimulation of neutrophil function and splenic antibody secreting cells, were also noticed. Stimulation of humoral immune response was further observed with elevation in haemagglutination antibody titer. Heightened DTH reaction suggested convincing evidence for activation of cellular immune system. Present study thus confirms the immunomodulatory activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of D. falcata and the immunomodulatory responses were found to be dose dependent manner.Keywords: Dendrophthoe falcata; Antibody titer; Neutrophil adhesion; Phagocytic activity.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i3.7655               J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 629-640 (2011)

scholarly journals Association of nucleoside diphosphate kinase with pancreatic zymogen granules: effects of local GTP generation on granule membrane characteristics

1996 ◽  
Vol 316 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan J. MARCINIAK ◽  
J. Michael EDWARDSON
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cell ◽  
Zymogen Granule ◽  
Zymogen Granules ◽  
Cytoplasmic Face ◽  
Granule Membrane ◽  
Stimulation Of

It is well established that both GTP-binding proteins and phosphoproteins are involved in the control of exocytosis in the exocrine pancreas. Exocytotic membrane fusion is stimulated by guanosine 5′-[γ-thio]triphosphate, and the phosphorylation states of several proteins, including at least one on the zymogen granule membrane, are known to change during exocytosis. We show here that a nucleoside diphosphate kinase is associated with the cytoplasmic face of pancreatic zymogen granules. This enzyme behaves as a phosphoprotein of apparent molecular mass 21 kDa on SDS/polyacrylamide gels, and is able to produce GTP by using ATP to phosphorylate endogenous GDP. GTP production by nucleoside diphosphate kinase is stimulated by the wasp venom peptide mastoparan, both through a direct action on the enzyme and through its ability to increase the availability of endogenous GDP. Two effects of the GTP produced by nucleoside diphosphate kinase are demonstrated: phosphorylation of a 37 kDa zymogen granule protein on histidine residues, and stimulation of the fusion of zymogen granules with pancreatic plasma membranes in vitro. These results suggest that granule-associated nucleoside diphosphate kinase is able to maintain local GTP concentrations, and raise the possibility that it might be involved in the control of exocytosis in the pancreatic acinar cell.

STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF PHAGOCYTIC STIMULATION ON MICROBIAL DISEASE: VII. A PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN TUBERCULIN HYPERSENSITIVITY, THE FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM, AND TUBERCULOUS LESIONS IN GUINEA PIGS

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Kátó ◽  
Béla Gözsy
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Reticuloendothelial System ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Experimental Tuberculosis ◽  
Cellular Defense ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Microbial Disease

1,4-Dimefhyl-7-isopropyl-bicyclo-decapentane (BD.I) has been shown to ameliorate the course of experimental tuberculosis of guinea pigs. Further experiments demonstrate that tuberculin reactions in BD.I treated animals, whether normal or immunized, were markedly milder than in similar but untreated groups of animals. Tuberculous lesions in BD.I treated normal and immunized guinea pigs were less severe when compared with untreated animals as seen at autopsy 6, 8, and 12 weeks after virulent superinfection. It seems that the drug does not interfere with the immune principle. Partial desensitization and the therapeutic effects are attributed to stimulation of the cellular defense apparatus.

Stimulation of protein absorption in the newborn piglet's intestine through the use of polyvalent cations

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Smith ◽  
K. A. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Protein Transport ◽  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Stimulation Of

SUMMARYThe transport of protein across the small intestine of the newborn pig was measured in vitro. The transport of both bovine immune globulin and bovine plasma albumin showed a large variation between piglets. The polycations poly-ornithine, poly-arginine and poly-lysine stimulated both the transport of globulin and albumin. Protamine, histone and arginine were without effect on protein transport. Poly-ornithine became bound to albumin and to the piglet intestinal mucosa. The amount of poly-ornithine needed to stimulate albumin transport was of the same order as that needed to change the electrophoretic mobility of brush border membranes and some 30 times less than that needed to change the charge on the protein. It is concluded that polycations stimulate protein transport by a direct action on the brush border membrane of the pig intestinal mucosa.

scholarly journals Alveolar liquid clearance in the anesthetized ventilated guinea pig

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (2) ◽  
pp. L235-L243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Norlin ◽  
Neelu Finley ◽  
Parisa Abedinpour ◽  
Hans G. Folkesson
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Albumin Solution ◽  
Adrenergic Agonist ◽  
Endogenous Catecholamine ◽  
Alveolar Liquid Clearance ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Alveolar Liquid

Alveolar liquid clearance was examined in ventilated, anesthetized guinea pigs. An isosmolar 5% albumin solution was instilled into the lungs. Alveolar liquid clearance was studied over 1 h and was measured from the increase in alveolar protein concentration as water was reabsorbed. Basal alveolar liquid clearance was 38% of instilled volume. The high basal alveolar liquid clearance was not secondary to endogenous catecholamine release. Compared with control animals, epinephrine and the general β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol increased alveolar liquid clearance to ∼50% of instilled volume ( P < 0.05), whereas the β2-adrenergic agonist terbutaline was without effect. The stimulation of alveolar liquid clearance by epinephrine or isoproterenol was completely inhibited by the addition of the general β-adrenergic inhibitor propranolol or the β1-adrenergic inhibitor atenolol. Alveolar liquid clearance was inhibited by the sodium-channel inhibitor amiloride by 30–40% in control animals and in animals treated with epinephrine or isoproterenol. Isoproterenol and epinephrine, but not terbutaline, increased adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate in in vitro incubated lung tissue. The results suggest that alveolar liquid clearance in guinea pigs is mediated partly through amiloride-sensitive sodium channels and that alveolar liquid clearance can be increased by stimulation of primarily β1-adrenergic receptors.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL AND METABOLIC PROPERTIES OF POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUCOCYTES

1960 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zanvil A. Cohn ◽  
Stephen I. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Metabolic Properties ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Slight Depression ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effects of a purified bacterial lipopolysaccharide endotoxin on homogenous populations of rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocytes have been studied in vitro under defined conditions. Employing a 500-fold range of concentration (0.1 to 50.0 µg./ml.), it was shown that endotoxin enhanced the rate at which staphylococci were killed by leucocytes. The mechanism underlying the increased killing was found to be a direct stimulation of the phagocytic activity of the leucocyte and not mediated by the release of bactericidins or opsonins from the treated cells. In the presence of 10 per cent serum all concentrations of endotoxin enhanced phagocytosis, whereas at lower serum concentrations, the higher doses of lipopolysaccharide inhibited the phagocytic activity of the cells. Similar concentrations of endotoxin were capable of increasing the utilization of glucose and the production of lactic acid. Endotoxin treated leucocytes exhibited no change in oxygen consumption, and only a slight depression in glycogen synthesis. It appeared that endotoxin could interact and alter the functional and metabolic properties of leucocytes in the absence of serum. The demonstration of enhanced phagocytic activity of endotoxin-treated cells was dependent upon the particular opsonic requirements for the organism under study.

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