THE INFLUENCE OF POTASSIUM ION UPON GLUCOSE UPTAKE AND GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS IN THE ISOLATED RAT DIAPHRAGM

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Potassium Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Glycogen Breakdown ◽  
Isolated Rat

The amounts of glucose taken from a medium, and the amounts of glycogen synthesized, by rat hemidiaphragms were studied under various conditions. High concentrations of potassium ion inhibited the glucose uptake and there was also a reduced net glycogen synthesis. Glycogen breakdown was probably not increased by high potassium ion concentration. The effect of potassium was most marked when conditions were such that one would ordinarily expect a considerable glucose uptake or glycogen synthesis. The action of insulin was not peculiarly susceptible to potassium ion inhibition.

THE INFLUENCE OF POTASSIUM ION UPON GLUCOSE UPTAKE AND GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS IN THE ISOLATED RAT DIAPHRAGM

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 687-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Potassium Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Glycogen Breakdown ◽  
Isolated Rat

The amounts of glucose taken from a medium, and the amounts of glycogen synthesized, by rat hemidiaphragms were studied under various conditions. High concentrations of potassium ion inhibited the glucose uptake and there was also a reduced net glycogen synthesis. Glycogen breakdown was probably not increased by high potassium ion concentration. The effect of potassium was most marked when conditions were such that one would ordinarily expect a considerable glucose uptake or glycogen synthesis. The action of insulin was not peculiarly susceptible to potassium ion inhibition.

Serum factor in fasted rats inhibiting carbohydrate metabolism in the isolated diaphragm

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (5) ◽  
pp. 1075-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Berman ◽  
E. Wertheimer
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Serum Factor ◽  
Inhibitory Factors ◽  
Fasted Rats ◽  
Isolated Rat

A factor has been found in the serum of fasted rats which inhibits glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in the isolated rat diaphragm. It does not affect CO2 production or O2 uptake. It is nondialyzable, stable in the cold and also stable when heated to 58°C for 1 hour. It was found in Cohn fraction IV-V. Its action did not resemble any of the known hormones, nor could it be identified as one of the inhibitory factors found in diabetic serum.

THE EFFECTS OF ADRENAL CORTICAL EXTRACTS UPON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM WHEN MEDIUM COMPOSITION IS ALTERED

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 845-848
Author(s):  
D. W. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Major Cation ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Isolated Rat

The effects of adrenal cortical extract upon glucose uptake and upon glycogen synthesis in the isolated rat diaphragm were studied in three different media. The maximum inhibition by the extract upon the measured effects was seen in a medium which contained both sodium and potassium ions. In media which contained either of these alone as the major cation, there was no significant inhibition.

THE EFFECTS OF ADRENAL CORTICAL EXTRACTS UPON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM WHEN MEDIUM COMPOSITION IS ALTERED

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 845-848
Author(s):  
D. W. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Major Cation ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Isolated Rat

The effects of adrenal cortical extract upon glucose uptake and upon glycogen synthesis in the isolated rat diaphragm were studied in three different media. The maximum inhibition by the extract upon the measured effects was seen in a medium which contained both sodium and potassium ions. In media which contained either of these alone as the major cation, there was no significant inhibition.

PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF A HYPOGLYCAEMIC PEPTIDE FROM OX GROWTH HORMONE

1961 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. HUGGINS ◽  
J. H. OTTAWAY
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Purification And Properties ◽  
Lactate Output ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Very High

SUMMARY A peptide has been isolated from crystalline ox growth hormone (GH) which stimulates glucose uptake by isolated rat diaphragm when incubated with it at low concentrations (0·01 μg./ml. medium). The peptide also causes a slight but persistent hypoglycaemia in fasted mice and rabbits. The increase in glucose uptake by diaphragm is not accompanied by increased glycogen synthesis; in certain circumstances it causes a diminution in lactate output. When incubated with normal rat diaphragm in the absence of acetate, very high concentrations (10 μg./ml.) cause an inhibition of glucose uptake. The peptide appears to have negligible effects on fat metabolism. The peptide has a mol. wt. of 5,000–10,000, an isoelectric point of about pH 6, and an N-terminal methionine. The amino acid composition is noteworthy for the complete absence of basic amino acids. It is concluded that ox GH freed from this peptide will stimulate glycogen synthesis by muscle without increasing the uptake of glucose.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF GROWTH HORMONE ON GLUCOSE UPTAKE BY THE ISOLATED RAT DIAPHRAGM

1952 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. Park ◽  
David H. Brown ◽  
Marvin. Cornblath ◽  
William H. Daughaday ◽  
M.E. Krahl
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Isolated Rat

scholarly journals Anomalous Rectification in the Squid Giant Axon Injected with Tetraethylammonium Chloride

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clay M. Armstrong ◽  
Leonard Binstock
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Outward Current ◽  
Giant Axon ◽  
Potassium Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Tetraethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Voltage Curve ◽  
Instantaneous Current ◽  
Current Voltage Curve

The injection of tetraethylammonium chloride into the giant axon of the squid prolongs the action potential and eliminates most of the late current under voltage-clamp. Experiments on fibers in an external medium of high potassium ion concentration demonstrate that injected tetraethylammonium chloride causes rectification of the instantaneous current-voltage curve for potassium by excluding outward current. This interference with the flow of outward potassium ion current underlies the prolongation of the action potential seen in tetraethylammonium-injected fibers.

In vitro Effect of Growth Hormone on the Glucose Uptake of Isolated Rat Diaphragm

Nature ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 179 (4557) ◽  
pp. 472-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. RANDLE ◽  
J. E. WHITNEY
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Isolated Rat
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