Polymorphism in morels: isozyme electrophoretic analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 819-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Wipf ◽  
Jean-Philippe Bedell ◽  
Bernard Botton ◽  
Jean Charles Munch ◽  
François Buscot
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Glucose Phosphate Isomerase ◽  
Glucose Phosphate ◽  
Morchella Esculenta ◽  
Isozyme Polymorphism

The aim of this study was to assess whether isozyme polymorphism in different members of the Morchellaceae could be used to improve the systematics in this fungal group and to characterize intraspecific crossings between monosporal strains in Morchella esculenta. For this purpose, isozyme electrophoretic analysis of the following enzymes was performed: glutamine synthetase, NAD–glutamate dehydrogenase, NADP–glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, malate dehydrogenase, NAD–glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose phosphate isomerase, and superoxide dismutase. The analyses allowed discrimination at the inter- or intra-specific levels and could help to establish a method of identification for strains in the Morchellaceae. To a certain extent they appeared to be suitable to analyze interactions of monosporal strains of Morchella esculenta in pairing experiments. The polymorphism shown in this study was consistent with the phylogenetic relationships between the investigated strains only at the genus level.Key words: isozyme analysis, electrophoresis, Morchella sp., polymorphism.

Blood proteins of red deer introduced to Patagonia: genetic origins and variability

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner T. Flueck ◽  
Jo Anne M. Smith-Flueck
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Glucose Phosphate Isomerase ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Herd Health ◽  
Glucose Phosphate ◽  
Reproductive Rates

A small group of European red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) was introduced into the foothills of the Andes in Patagonia in the early 1920s. This species adapted well to the habitat and climatic conditions in the area and presently may number over 100 000 animals. Several indices commonly used to evaluate the fitness of a species in its environment indicate that red deer thrive under very favourable conditions in Patagonia; for example, body size, antler development, reproductive rates, herd health, and longevity are near the maximum described for the species. Furthermore, some local populations occur at densities much higher than encountered in their native ranges. The objective was to examine several biological enzyme systems to test for variance in protein polymorphism in comparison to populations of red deer in other parts of the world. The protein systems examined by electrophoresis in the plasma included: post-transferrin, transferrin, vitamin D binding protein, plasminogen, and complement component; and in the erythrocytes: hemoglobin, superoxide dismutase, glucose phosphate isomerase, and diaphorase I. Variation in plasminogen was lower than is typical for red deer, and glucose phosphate isomerase showed no variation. Furthermore, some occurrences of alleles typical for North American wapiti (Cervus elaphus canadensis) indicate that the introduced deer originated from English or European deer parks which have had a history of introductions of wapiti in the past. In New Zealand, the superoxide dismutase allele typical for wapiti was found in 1% of red deer, whereas it occurred in 11% of animals in the present study. Polymorphism measured across the nine examined protein systems was 2.0 alleles per locus with an overall heterozygosity of 0.30. The low variations are likely the result of the introduction based on few individuals. However, the outstanding performance of the present population contradicts the existence of any overt impact from this founder effect. The observed large body sizes may not only be due to good environmental conditions, but also due to previous hybridisation with wapiti. Several specimens were heterozygous and one specimen was homozygous for wapiti hemoglobin.

ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING PATTERNS OF KERNEL ISOZYMES FROM 80 NORTH AMERICAN WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. COX ◽  
J. P. MURPHY ◽  
L. G. HARRELL
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
North American ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Glucose Phosphate Isomerase ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Glucose Phosphate ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

The cataloguing of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar isozyme patterns, though a routine exercise, provides useful data for genetic and breeding studies. Isozymes of five kernel enzyme systems (β-amylase, esterases, malate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, and glucose phosphate isomerase) were separated by isoelectric fosusing (IEF) for 80 North American winter wheat cultivars. No variation in malate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, or glucose phosphate isomerase IEF patterns was detected. There were three groups of hard red winter wheat cultivars with esterase patterns that differed from the pattern common to all others: Arkan and Sage; Siouxland, Colt, and Pioneer 2157; and Sandy. Esterase IEF, in contrast to gliadin electrophoresis in other studies, distinguished Sage from Eagle and Larned. Four soft red winter cultivars (Compton and Adena; Florida 302; Roland) and six groups containing a total of eight hard red winter cultivars (RHS812; RHS830; Norstar; Plainsman V; TAM 105, TAM 107, and Rose; and TAM 101) had variant β-amylase patterns. Some of the esterase and β-amylase varients, produced by genes on chromosomes 3A, 3D, 4D, 5A, and possibly others, may be useful in linkage studies.Key words: Cultivar identification, electrophoresis, β-amylase, esterase, superoxide dismutase, glucose phosphate isomerase

Quantification of the transition from oocyte-coded to embryo-coded glucose phosphate isomerase in mouse embryos

Development ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-237
Author(s):  
John D. West ◽  
Rosemary Leask ◽  
J. F. Green
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Glucose Phosphate Isomerase ◽  
Electrophoretic Variants ◽  
Glucose Phosphate

A quantitative electrophoretic analysis of glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI-1) allozymes produced by heterozygous Gpi-1sa/Gpi-1sb mouse embryos has enabled us to estimate separately the contributions of GPI-1 enzyme that were (1) oocyte coded, (2) encoded by the embryonic, maternally derived Gpi-1sa allele and (3) encoded by the embryonic, paternally derived Gpi-1sb allele. The oocyte-coded GPI-1 activity is stable until 2½ days and then declines and is exhausted by 5½ to 6½ days post coitum (p.c). The maternally and paternally derived Gpi-1s alleles are probably usually activated synchronously but several possible exceptions were observed. This activation was first detected in 2½-day embryos. Total GPI-1 activity falls to a minimum around 3½ to 4½ days, even though embryonic gene expression has already begun. The profile of oocyte-coded GPI-1 activity is consistent with the suggestion (Harper & Monk, 1983) hat there is a mechanism for the removal of oocyte-coded gene products at around 2½ days p.c. The method of analysis described is applicable to other dimeric enzymes with electrophoretic variants.

scholarly journals Influence of light and mineral nitrogen forms on the activity of some enzymes in Cucumis sativus L. cotyledons

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kubik-Dobosz ◽  
K. Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Forms ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L

It was demonstrated that when nitrogen was deficient in the medium, the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), alanine aminotransferase (GPT) and aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) in etiolated cucumber cotyledons was higher than in those of seedlings growing under light. When the plants grew on nitrate or ammonium medium, light stimulated GS activity and depressed that of GDH and GOT, without changing the activity of GPT. It was found that the influence of the form of mineral nitrogen on the activity of the studied enzymes was dependent on light. On the basis of the results. obtained, the contribution of the GS glutamate synthase system and GDH to the incorporation of the taken up nitrogen into the amino acids in light and in darkness is discussed.

Characterization of the 5′ end of the gene for human glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI)

Genomics ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
James I.H. Walker ◽  
Pelin Faik ◽  
Michael J. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Phosphate Isomerase ◽  
Glucose Phosphate

Comparison of human and murine isolates of Schistosoma mansoni from Richard-Toll, Senegal, by isoelectric focusing

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sène ◽  
P. Brémond ◽  
J.P. Hervé ◽  
V.R. Southgate ◽  
B. Sellin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Glucose Phosphate Isomerase ◽  
Glucose Phosphate ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Arvicanthis Niloticus

AbstractStudies on human and murine isolates of Schistosoma mansoni, from Richard-Toll, Senegal, were carried out by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. Seven enzyme systems; lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), acid phosphatase (AcP), hexokinase (HK), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), and phosphoglucomutase (PGM), were used to compare the two isolates. All systems tested, apart from LDH, were found to be polymorphic for both isolates. Interestingly, one phenotype is more frequent than the remainder. The results show that there is no significant genetic variation between the S. mansoni isolates from man and the rodents, Arvicanthis niloticus and Mastomys huberti.

scholarly journals Semen quality, lipid peroxidation, and seminal plasma antioxidant status in horses with different intensities of physical exercise

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Härtlová ◽  
Radko Rajmon ◽  
Iva Krontorádová ◽  
Jiří Mamica ◽  
Lukáš Zita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant

The aim of this study was to compare markers of semen quality, sperm membrane damage, and the seminal plasma antioxidant activity in warmblood stallions with and without sport workload stress. Four stallions were used for breeding only (control) and four both for breeding and competition in jumping. Semen samples were collected at 14-day intervals (from June to August) from each stallion (5 ejaculates per stallion). Immediately after sperm collection, a conventional examination of the ejaculate was processed. Catalytic activities of enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alanin aminotransferase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and indicator of lipoperoxidation - F2α isoprostanes were measured in samples of seminal plasma. Contrary to basic semen quality indicators, the values of seminal plasma pH, aspartate aminotransferase and alanin aminotransferase were significantly (P < 0.05) impaired in the physically stressed stallions. Also, the level of F2α isoprostanes and the activity of superoxide dismutase were significantly (P < 0.05) increased by stress. The antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathion peroxidase increased during the monitored period and reflected changes in F2α isoprostane concentration. We can conclude that even the conventional basic sperm indicators stay within the reference ranges of the biochemical indicators of seminal plasma such as pH or AST/ALT activity may be negatively influenced by sport workload stress. Increased concentrations of F2α isoprostanes indicate that lipoperoxidation can be a mechanism of cell membrane destabilization, which is counteracted by an increase of antioxidant enzyme activities. This is the first report of oxidative stress symptoms in normospermic equine semen in relation to stallion sport workload.

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