Ultrastructure and seasonal growth patterns of microbial mats in a temperate climate saline-alkaline lake: Goodenough Lake, British Columbia, Canada

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Schultze-Lam ◽  
F. G. Ferris ◽  
B. Sherwood-Lollar ◽  
J. P. Gerits
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Microbial Mats ◽  
Purple Bacteria ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Alkaline Lake ◽  
Lake Bottom ◽  
Groundwater Springs

Goodenough Lake is a small (ca. 1 by 0.6 km) saline-alkaline lake on the Caribou Plateau in British Columbia, Canada, which has a mean depth of < 1 m, allowing the growth of substantial prokaryote-dominated benthic microbial mats over the entire lake bottom. Microbial mats were investigated on both a detailed ultrastructural level and at a macroscopic level to determine, on a lakewide scale, the seasonally influenced changes that occurred over the course of a spring to fall growth season. The acceleration of phototrophic activity with warming of the lake water in spring could be followed by increases in dissolved oxygen levels, which quickly reached supersaturation early in the summer. The grazing activity of brine fly larvae (Ephydra hians) was found to have a significant influence on mat growth and development patterns. On an ultrastructural level, several types of filamentous cyanobacteria were the main phototrophic organisms present, even in anaerobic parts of the mats, where they were accompanied by purple bacteria. The dominant cyanobacterium present was a large oscillatoriacean form which, in certain parts of the lake, formed unusual columnar structures that had a very low diversity of microbial species in comparison to mats from other regions of the lake. The microbial community also differed in areas of the lake where less saline groundwater springs emerged from the lake bed.Key words: microbial mats, saline-alkaline lakes, cyanobacteria, ultrastructure.

Fossil Mosses from the Bisaccate Zone of the Mid-Eocene Allenby Formation, British Columbia

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Kuc
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Lake Bottom ◽  
White Colour

New fossil taxa (Ditrichites fylesi, Muscites maycocki, M. ritchiei, Palaeohypnum jovet-asti and P. steerei); unnamed moss and moss-like fossils, detrital fragments of various plant tissues, and paleobotanical evidence of the bisaccate zone are described from the Middle Eocene Allenby Formation near Princeton, British Columbia. These remains occur in laminated, tuffaceous, silty and pyroclastic shale, deposited under lacustrine conditions.Detailed examination of the various laminae indicates that beds of white colour and composed of coarser silt grains are poor in fossils and could be related to periods of decreasing bioproduction; less silty and darker coloured beds are rich in macro- and microfossils and could be related to periods of extensive bioproduction. The rock features, lamination, and distribution of macrofossils indicate the slow and undisturbed accumulation of plant remains on a lake bottom.

scholarly journals Comparative Gene Genealogies Indicate that Two Clonal Lineages of Cryptococcus gattii in British Columbia Resemble Strains from Other Geographical Areas

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1629-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Kidd ◽  
Hong Guo ◽  
Karen H. Bartlett ◽  
Jianping Xu ◽  
James W. Kronstad
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Cryptococcus Gattii ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Molecular Type ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
The World ◽  
Clonal Population Structure

ABSTRACT Cryptococcus gattii has recently emerged as a pathogen of humans and animals in the temperate climate of Vancouver Island, British Columbia (B.C.). The majority (∼95%) of the isolates from the island belong to the VGII molecular type, and the remainder belong to the VGI molecular type. The goals of this study were to compare patterns of molecular variation among C. gattii isolates from B.C. with those from different areas of the world and to investigate the population structure using a comparative gene genealogy approach. Our results indicate that the C. gattii population in B.C. comprises at least two divergent lineages, corresponding to previously identified VGI and VGII molecular types. The genealogical analysis of strains suggested a predominantly clonal population structure among B.C. isolates, while there was evidence for sexual recombination between different molecular types on a global scale. We found no geographic pattern of strain relationships, and nucleotide sequence comparisons revealed that genotypes among isolates from B.C. were also present among isolates from other areas of the world, indicating extensive strain dispersal. The nucleotide sequence diversity among isolates from B.C. was similar to that among isolates from other areas of the world.

The Eocene Thomas Ranch flora, Allenby Formation, Princeton, British Columbia, Canada

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 514-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Dillhoff ◽  
Thomas A. Dillhoff ◽  
David R. Greenwood ◽  
Melanie L. DeVore ◽  
Kathleen B. Pigg
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
High Uncertainty

A flora from Thomas Ranch near Princeton, British Columbia, Canada, is assessed for biodiversity and paleoclimate. This latest Early to early Middle Eocene flora occurs in the Allenby Formation. Seventy-six megafossil morphotypes have been recognized, representing at least 62 species, with 29 identified to genus or species. Common taxa include Ginkgo L., Metasequoia Miki, Sequoia Endl., Abies Mill., Pinus L., Pseudolarix Gordon, Acer L., Alnus Mill., Betula L., Fagus L., Sassafras J Presl, Macginitiea Wolfe & Wehr, Prunus L., and Ulmus L. More than 70 pollen and spore types are recognized, 32 of which are assignable to family or genus. The microflora is dominated by conifers (85%–97% abundance), with Betulaceae accounting for most of the angiosperms. The Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program (CLAMP) calculates a mean annual temperature (MAT) of 9.0 ± 1.7 °C and bioclimatic analysis (BA) calculates a MAT of 12.8 ± 2.5 °C. Coldest month mean temperature (CMMT) was >0 °C. Mean annual precipitation (MAP) was >70 cm/year but is estimated with high uncertainty. Both the CLAMP and BA estimates are at the low end of the MAT range previously published for other Okanagan Highland localities, indicating a temperate climate consistent with a mixed conifer–deciduous forest.

The heterobasidiomycetous yeast genus Leucosporidium in an area of temperate climate

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1402-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Summerbell
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Yeast Genus ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Freshwater Habitats

A wide range of habitats in and near southern British Columbia was sampled for the presence of Leucosporidium spp. Leucosporidium scottii, the only species capable of growth at mesic temperatures, occurred abundantly on marine substrates. The thalli of phaeophyte algae yielded particularly large numbers of isolates, but only in the colder months of the year. Leucosporidium scottii was found less frequently in terrestrial or freshwater habitats but was a major component of the yeast mycobiota of organic materials decaying in cold moist soils. The remaining five known species of Leucosporidium were not found. Genetic studies revealed that the tetrapolar mating system of L. scottii is characterized by the presence of multiple alleles at the A locus. The B locus appears to be biallelic.

Sedimentation in Lillooet Lake, British Columbia

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1697-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Sedimentary Sequence ◽  
Coarse Sediment ◽  
Sediment Content ◽  
Lake Bottom ◽  
Delta Slope

Sediment from Lillooet River Basin, 3580 sq km of alpine and subalpine landscape, 7% of which is glacier-covered, is deposited in Lillooet Lake. During the summer when the lake is stratified by temperature and suspended sediment content, processes of interflow and underflow distribute sediment throughout the lake and give rise to a distinctive sedimentary sequence of varved silts and clays interspaced irregularly with massive beds of coarser grained sediments up to 120 mm thick. Coarse sediment deposited on the proximal delta slope is redistributed by infrequent slumps; mounds of slumped material cover the foreset slopes to their base at 120 m depth. Thickness of varves is related to the annual inflow to the lake, and continuous records of water temperature near the lake bottom indicate that the numerous laminae within varves are due to intermittent underflow events.

Vegetative Remains of the Rosaceae from the Princeton Chert (Middle Eocene) of British Columbia

IAWA Journal ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio R. S. Cevallos-Ferriz ◽  
Ruth A. Stockey
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Bordered Pits ◽  
Vessel Elements

Several anatomieally preserved twigs, a branehing speeimen and the wood of a large axis with affinities to Rosaeeae are deseribed from the Prineeton ehert (Middle Eoeene) of British Columbia, Canada. Speeimens are eharaeterised by a heteroeellular pith with a peri-medullary rone of thiek-walled oval eells and semi-ring-porous seeondary xylem with vertieal traumatie duets, fibres with eireular bordered pits, and mostly seanty paratracheal and oeeasionally apotracheal parenehyma. Ray to vessel pitting is similar to the alternate intervaseular pitting. Seeondary phloem is eomposed of tangentially oriented diseontinuous bands of alternating fibres and thinwalled eells. Seeondary eortical tissues are represented by a phelloderm eharaeterised by rectangular eells and phellern with rectangular eoneave eells. Anatomical variation between speeimens can be related to age of the woody axes. Juvenile and mature wood of this speeies differ in vessel arrangement and presenee of scanty paratracheal parenchyma in mature wood. Vessel elements are arranged in radial multiples, oeeasional clusters as well as solitary vessels. Tyloses and dark cellular contents are present mainly in mature wood. Some twigs have a heterocellular pith with a few scattered cells with dark contents or, occasionally, short irregular rows of these cells. In the branching specimen eells of this type also are organised in longer rows. Together, these anatomical features suggest that all specimens belong to the same taxon, Prunus allenbyensis Cevallos-Ferriz ' Stockey n. sp. Anatomy of this plant reinforces the interpretation of a subtropical to temperate climate during the time of deposition.

Comparison of selected Douglas-fir seed sources for cambial and leader growth patterns in four western Oregon environments

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Emmingham
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Cambial Growth ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Definite Pattern

The leader and cambial growth of sapling Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) from both inland and coastal varieties followed a definite pattern in four western Oregon environments. Generally, buds became active first and cambial growth became active soon after. Leader growth stopped in August, long before cambial growth, which continued into October. Phenology, total seasonal growth, and growth pattern for trees from coastal sources from Vancouver Island, B.C., to southern Oregon were more similar than for trees from inland sources from British Columbia to Idaho and Arizona. Most of the differences among populations in one season's growth were related to growth rate rather than growth duration.

Palynology of the Eocene Kitsilano Formation, southwest British Columbia

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1101-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Hopkins Jr.
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Plant Microfossils ◽  
Warm Temperate

Approximately 55 genera and 75 species of plant microfossils are illustrated and described from the Kitsilano Formation of southwestern British Columbia. The general composition of the flora suggests a humid, warm temperate climate prevailed at time of deposition. Previous work on plant megafossils indicates a late Eocene to possibly early Oligocene age. Plant microfossils recovered in this study support a probable middle to late Eocene age for the Kitsilano Formation.

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