The taxonomic significance of the growth response to Na+by strains ofVibrio

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 930-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Dwayne Goudie ◽  
John A. Gow
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Determinative Bacteriology ◽  
Cluster Composition ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Growth Requirement ◽  
Standard Tests

Eighty regional Vibrio strains were studied for their growth responses at 13 Na+concentrations. Using a chemically defined plating medium, together with a multipoint inoculation technique, approximately 45% of the strains showed a specific growth requirement for Na+. The remaining strains grew, with a lag period, on the basal medium that contained about 2 mM background Na+. Based on the growth responses to Na+, a numerical analysis was used to explore differences between the strains. A dendrogram was produced in which the strains were grouped into four major clusters. At an equivalent level of similarity the cluster composition was not significantly different from that shown in a second dendrogram that was based on standard tests recommended in the 9th edition of Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. The study showed that, over a range of concentrations, the growth response to Na+was taxonomically significant for Vibrio strains.Key words: Vibrio, marine bacteria, Na+requirement, growth response.

A medium, solidified with gellan gum, for determining the Na+ requirement of Vibrio species

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 804-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa D. Noble ◽  
John A. Gow
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Gellan Gum ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Growth Requirements ◽  
Lag Period

Until now there has not been a satisfactory solid medium for determining the growth responses, to Na+, of marine and other bacteria that have specific growth requirements for Na+. A solid medium would be useful to investigators who would like to take advantage of the efficiency of multipoint inoculation when testing for a Na+ requirement. By using 1% gellan gum (Gel-GroTM) as the solidifying agent a medium was formulated that had a contaminating level of Na+ of slightly less than 2 mM in the basal medium. Two species of Aeromonas, which do not require Na+ for growth, and 31 species of Vibrio, which require Na+, were tested for their growth responses to Na+ on this medium. The Aeromonas strains grew well, within 24 h, at all of the Na+ concentrations tested. Approximately 75% of the Vibrio strains did not grow on the basal medium even after a prolonged incubation period. The remaining species were able to grow on the basal medium, but not without a lag period. These lag periods were as short as 36 h for two of the species and in some instances as long as 312 h. These lag periods were of sufficient duration to determine that Na+ stimulated the growth of the Vibrio strains that were able to grow on the basal medium. Approximately 75% of the strains, representing most species of Vibrio, were able to grow if as little as 25 mM Na+ was present in the medium.Key words: low-sodium medium, Na+ requirement, gellan gum, agar substitute, marine bacteria.

Is microbial resilience to drying-rewetting driven by selection for quick colonizers?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lettice Hicks ◽  
Simon Lin ◽  
Johannes Rousk
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Labile C ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Resilient Response ◽  
Pre Treatment

<p>Climate change is exposing terrestrial ecosystems to more extreme drought and rainfall events, resulting in an increased frequency and intensity of drying-rewetting (D/RW) events in soils. Rewetting a dry soil induces enormous dynamics in both microbial growth and biogeochemistry, including a large pulse of CO<sub>2 </sub>release to the atmosphere. Upon D/RW, two different microbial growth responses have been identified; a more resilient response where bacteria start growing immediately with a quick recovery after rewetting and a less resilient response where there is a lag-period of up to 30 hours of near-zero growth before bacteria start to grow. The resilience of microbial growth following D/RW has important implications for the ecosystem C budget, since an extended lag-period of no growth during a time of high CO<sub>2 </sub>release will result in net soil C loss. In natural systems, it has been found that a legacy of drought led to a more resilient bacterial growth response upon rewetting, with a reduced lag-period before the onset of growth. Exposing soils to repeated cycles of D/RW in the laboratory has also been shown to shift bacterial growth responses to a more resilient type. We hypothesised that this shift in response is explained by selection for a microbial community which is quick at colonizing the labile C resources made available upon D/RW.  </p><p>In order to test our hypothesis, we pre-treated soils by exposing them to either (i) three cycles of D/RW, (ii) three pulses of glucose addition or (iii) three pulses of litter addition. The substrate additions were used to simulate the labile C release in soils during D/RW, thereby enabling us to investigate if the colonization of new substrate is the causal mechanism explaining the observed shift in bacterial resilience in soils with a history of D/RW. The pre-treated soils – along with an unamended control soil – were then exposed to the same D/RW event, with bacterial growth, fungal growth and respiration responses measured at high temporal resolution over 4 days. As previously reported, exposing the soil to a series of D/RW events resulted in a more resilient bacterial growth response, with the lag-period reduced from ca. 30 hours to an immediate initiation of growth. Pre-treating the soils with glucose reduced the lag-period before the onset of bacterial growth by ca. 50% whereas pre-treatment with litter induced only a marginally (< 10%) more resilient bacterial growth response to D/RW. Interestingly, pre-treatment of the soils with glucose and litter both induced a more resilient fungal growth response, with the responses resembling the shift in fungal resilience induced by exposing the soils to repeated cycles of D/RW. Overall, our results show that selection for quick colonizers partly explains the shift to more resilient microbial growth in soils exposed to repeated D/RW events, but further investigation is required to identify additional factors contributing to the shift in resilience.</p>

A cadmium-tolerant strain of Neocosmospora vasinfecta shows reduced cadmium influx

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1296-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Budd
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Cadmium Level ◽  
Key Words Cadmium ◽  
Net Uptake

Neocosmospora vasinfecta was grown in a defined liquid medium and its growth responses to CdSO4 were measured. The specific growth rate of mycelium not previously exposed to cadmium was reduced to 50% by 51 μM cadmium. The growth response to concentrations of cadmium above 50 μM was complex, showing declining and then recovery phases. Inoculum taken from a culture grown to the recovery phase in presence of 100 μM cadmium was cadmium tolerant; a cadmium level of 420 μM was required to reduce its specific growth rate by 50%. Tolerance was not lost by growth in the absence of cadmium. The tolerant mycelium showed markedly reduced net uptake of cadmium as compared with the normal (cadmium sensitive) mycelium. This reduction was due to a decrease in the unidirectional influx of cadmium, with little or no change in efflux. Cadmium toxicity in the normal mycelium was strongly antagonized by calcium but only weakly by manganese or zinc. Calcium also inhibited the uptake of cadmium. Key words: cadmium, calcium, Neocosmospora, tolerance, toxicity, transport.

Growth responses in red deer hinds from 16-24 months of age when fed two energy levels during their second winter

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
M H Davies ◽  
D W Deakin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Red Meats

It is important that venison competes with other red meats in efficiency and cost of production. The growth responses of farmed red deer during the first 15-18 months of life have been well defined under a wide range of feeding and daylength regimes (Davies, 1995). However there is a need to examine less intensive systems of production which aim to maximise growth from grazed grass, following various growth-restriction feeding regimes during winter. The objective of this experiment was to quantify the growth response in 16-24 month old hinds fed two contrasting feeding regimes during their second winter, followed by a period at pasture.

scholarly journals Survival and growth responses of snakehead fish Channa striata Bloch. juvenile in aerated and unaerated acid sulfate water

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
, Purnamawati ◽  
Daniel Djokosetiyanto ◽  
Kukuh Nirmala ◽  
Enang Harris ◽  
Ridwan Affandi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Channa Striata

<p><strong>ABSTRACT </strong></p><p> </p><p>The aim of the research was to analyze survival rate, specific growth rate, albumin, and feed efficiency and physiological (blood glucose, cortisol, dan haemoglobin) responses of snake head fish juvenil that reared at aerated and unaerated of tidal land water have been conducted in the laboratory. Experiments using completely randomized design with aerated and unaerated as a treatment, and each treatment has twelve replications. The snakehead fish juvenil wich length 2.4±0.2 cm and weight of 0.21±0.05 g reared in the aquarium that are size 30×25×35 cm (water volume 25 L) with a stocking density 2 juvenile/L, for 40 days. The fishes were fed with commercial feed with protein content about 40%, feeding two times a day (morning and afternoon) were at satiation. Replacement of water done every two days about 10% of the total water volume in the aquarium. The results showed that unaerated median significantly affected to biometric and physiological response of juvenile of snake head fish. The media un-aerated gives the best results shown by the higher value of survival (92%), specific growth rate (6.73%/ day), feed efficiency (78.22%), protein retention (41.91%), energy retention (30.81%) value of albumin (6.60 g/100 mL) and the haemoglobin (5.58 g/dL), and have the lowest value of cortisol (21.49 ng/L) and blood glucose (43.36 mg/100 mL).</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: acid sulfate water, growth rate, aeration, <em>Channa striata </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRAK </strong></p><p> </p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis respons kelangsungan hidup, pertumbuhan spesifik, albumin, dan efisiensi pakan dan fisiologis (kortisol, glukosa darah, dan hemoglobin) juvenil ikan gabus yang dipelihara dengan dan tanpa aerasi pada media air rawa pasang surut. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan aerasi dan tanpa aerasi sebagai perlakuan, dan masing-masing perlakuan memiliki 12 ulangan. Juvenil ikan gabus berukuran panjang 2,4±0,3 cm dan bobot 0,21±0,03 g dipelihara dalam akuarium 30×25×35 cm (volume 25 L) dengan padat tebar 2 ekor/L, selama 40 hari. Ikan diberi pakan berupa pakan komersial dengan kadar protein ±40%, pemberian pakan dua kali sehari (pagi dan sore) <em>at satiation</em>. Penggantian air dan penyiponan dilakukan dua hari sekali sebanyak 10% dari volume total dalam akuarium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tanpa aerasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap respons biometrik dan fisiologis juvenil ikan gabus. Media tanpa aerasi memberikan hasil yang lebih baik ditunjukkan oleh kelangsungan hidup (92%), laju pertumbuhan spesifik (6,73%/ hari), efisiensi pakan (78,22%), retensi protein (41,91%), retensi energi (30,81%), kadar albumin (6,60 g/100 mL), dan hemoglobin (5,85 g/dL) yang lebih tinggi, sedangkan kadar kortisol (219 ng/L) dan glukosa darah (43,36 mg/100 mL) yang terendah.</p><p> </p><p>Kata kunci: media sulfat masam, pertumbuhan, aerasi, <em>Channa striata</em></p>

scholarly journals Studies on the Growth Responses of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Progenies Raised Using Different Starter Diets

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
J. O. Ed-Idoko ◽  
S. G. Solomon ◽  
P. A. Annune ◽  
S. I. Ikap ◽  
B. T. Iber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Percentage Weight

200 fry of carp obtained from induced breeding by stripping were fed three times daily ad libitum with Artemia (DT1), commercial starter diet (DT2), and dried egg yolk (DT3)for  8 weeks. Each  treatments were in triplicates in indoor hatchery. At the end of the experiment, the progenies mean weight gained (MWG) was highest in the treatments fed Artemia (3.490±0.015a) as compared to others with significant difference (P<0.05).Mean weight gained (MWG) was highest in the treatments fed Artemia. Percentage weight gain (%WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) had no significant differences (P<0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was highest (P<0.05) in treatment fed with smashed egg yolk. Feed conversion efficiency (FCE) was highest (P<0.05) in the treatment fed with composed feed. Mortality rate was highest in treatment fed with Artemia, and percentage survival was highest (P<0.05) in treatment fed with composed feed. Percentage jumpers per treatment were highest in Artemia diet. In conclusion, it is imperative that Artemia feed (amidst other starter diets researched on) is most preferable for the optimum growth and development of common carp fry.

Dose-Dependent Effects of the Action of Sulfur Nanoparticles on the Growth Response and Seed Production of Typical Steppe Phytocenoses

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinaida N. Ryabinina ◽  
Marija V. Ryabukhina ◽  
Maya V. Kolodina
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Typical Steppe ◽  
Forms Of Life ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Biological Group ◽  
Sulfur Nanoparticles

The article presents the results of a study of typical steppe phytocenoses presented one ecological and biological group - xeromesophyte but different systematic affiliation and forms of life, to the action of sulfur nanoparticles. Results of the study showed a relationship between the concentrations of sulfur nanoparticles and growth responses, biochemical parameters and seed productivity of investigated species

Growth Performance and Nutritional Value of Chlorella ellipsoidea in Fertilizer Factory Effluent Media

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. TOYUB ◽  
S.R. AHMED ◽  
M. I. MIAH ◽  
M. A. B. HABIB
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Chlorella Ellipsoidea ◽  
Green Alga Chlorella ◽  
Chlorophyll A Content

The growth performance of green alga, Chlorella ellipsoidea was studied in a laboratory in different concentrations of fertilizer factory effluent media (FFEM). Five different concentrations viz. 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60% of FFEM and bold basal medium (BBM) (control) were used with three replications for a period of three months. Each trial was done for a period of 16 days. The initial cell density of C. ellipsoidea was 2.5×105 cells.ml-1 which attained a maximum density of 198.49x105 cells.ml-1 in BBM followed by 182.07, 157.41, 142.34, 137.57 and 121.35 (x105 cells. ml-1) in 50, 55, 45, 60 and 40 % FFEM, respectively on the 10th day of culture. A similar trend was observed in the case of chlorophyll a content and the range was 5.85 to 9.39 mg.l-1. The specific growth rate (SGR, μ.day-1) on the basis of cell number and chlorophyll a were found at 0.40 to 0.44 and 0.41 to 0.45, respectively and was significantly (p<0.05) higher in BBM. The total biomass was found at 629.13 and 541.36 mg.l-1 in BBM and 50% FFEM, respectively. The overall growth performance of C. ellipsoidea was significantly (p<0.05) higher in 50% FFEM than in other concentrations of FFEM. The cultured microalga was found nutritionally rich.

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